Objective To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5).Methods RGC-5 cells were divided into four groups:RGC-5 group (normal control group),RGC-5 + H2O2 (RGC-5 were cultured in 500 μmol · L-1 H2O2 for 24 hours) group,RGC-5 + NaHS (RGC-5 were cultured in 50 μmol · L-1 NaHS for 30 minutes) + H2O2 (RGC-5 were cultured in 500 μmol · L-1 H2 O2 for 24 hours) group,and RGC-5 + NaHS (RGC-5 were cultured in 50 μmol · L-1 NaHS for 30 minutes) group.Western blots were applied to measure the expression of cytochrome c (Cyt.c) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1).The fluorescent dye JC-1 assay was chosen to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm).Furthermore,transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria.Results Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of Cyt.c in RGC-5 + H2O2 group decreased in mitochondria,and increased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistical difference between RGC-5 group and RGC-5 + NarHS + H2O2 group (all P ＞0.05).Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of Cyt.c in RGC-5 + NaHS group increased in mitochondria,and decreased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of OPA1 in RGC-5 + H2O2 group decreased in mitochondria,and increased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05).In RGC-5 + NaHs + H2O2 group and RGC-5 + NaHS group,the expression of OPA1 within and outside the mitochondria had no significant difference compared with RGC-5 group (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with other three groups,the mitochondrial membrane potential in RGC-5 + H2O2 group obviously decreased,but there was no statistical difference among other three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The mitochondria were globular swelled in RGC-5 group,but in other three groups,the mitochondria had slightly swelled.Conclusion H2S can protect the mitochondrial morphology and functions of RGC? 5 from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via preventing OPA1 release from mitochondria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical application of antimicrobial agents and give corresponding analysis.METHODS Totally 1453 cases from Dec 2005 to Jan 2006 were investigated retrospectively according to questionaire,and the usage of antibiotics was analyzed according to the standards.RESULTS Among 1453 cases,1155 cases used antibiotic and accounted for 79.5%,of which 47.3% cases were for single-drug therapy,44.1% cases for dual-drug therapy,7.4% cases were for tri-drug therapy and 1.2% cases for more than four kinds drugs.The top five departments in usage amount of antibiotics were stomatology,burn,surgery,pediatrics and respiratory departments.The most common antibiotics were cephalosporins,nitromidazole and catastaltica containing enzymes.The main irrational application of antibiotics included medication without indication,using high standard medicine and illogicality course of treatment and so on.CONCLUSIONS The application of antibiotics in internal medicine still has some irrational phenomenon,therefore,the training of correlated knowledge and regulations should be strengthened.

Objective To assess the implementation of Healthcare Improvement Initiative ( the Initiative)by 136 tertiary hospitals nationwide in 2017, and provide reference for improving relevant policies. Methods Hospital questionnaires 1 and 2 were designed, and data were collected by self-report and expert scoring.Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H(K), and Spearman rank correlation were used for statistical analysis.Results The median score of the first 11 dimensions of these hospitals was 91.89% , and that of the first 12 dimensions of 30 women and children hospitals was 90.54%.The total score rate of the top 11 hospitals in the eastern region was higher than that of both the central region and western region(P<0.001).The total score rate of the first 12 dimensions of women and children′s hospitals in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions(P=0.032).The total score rate of the first 11 dimensions of the national level hospitals was higher than that of the local hospitals ( P =0.004).The correlation coefficient between the total number of patients and the total score of the first 11 dimensions and the first 12 dimensions was 0.578 and 0.413, respectively.Conclusions Implementation of the Initiative is satisfactory in general. There are however still rooms of improvement for hospitals in the central and western regions, and local level hospitals as well. General hospitals are better than TCm and specialist hospitals.The larger the scale, the better the performance in service improvement.

Objective: To understand the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative constipation in patients with malignant tumors who undergo oral and maxillofacial surgery and construct a constipation risk prediction model to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of postoperative constipation. Methods: The data of 191 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Sun Yat sen University from June 2019 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The independent influencing factors were selected via univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis, a risk prediction nomogram was established, and the prediction model was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve. Both internal and external use the C index to verify the accuracy of the model. Results : Among 191 patients, 52 (27.23%) had postoperative constipation. Univariate analysis showed that a preoperative secret history of defecation, total energy intake, tracheotomy, smoking, drinking, operation duration, bleeding volume, bed time, eating homogenate diet, sex, surgical repair method, use of probiotics, T-stage of cancer and food intake may be the influencing factors of postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that repair method, bed time and sex were independent risk factors for postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors (P<0.05). The repair method was a fibular myocutaneous flap with a long bed time, and male patients were prone to constipation after surgery. The c-index values in the training group and the verification group were 0.882 and 0.953, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the training group was 0.909 (95%CI: 0.850-0.968), and the area under the ROC curve of the verification group was 0.893 (95%CI: 0.787-0.999). The nomogram showed good discrimination ability. Conclusion The repair method, bed time and sex are independent risk factors for postoperative constipation in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors. The risk prediction model has good discrimination ability.