Objective:To explore the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people in the community so as to provide a reference for screening and risk factor management of the MCI population.Methods:From March to June 2023, elderly individuals from Donghuashi and Fangzhuang communities in Beijing were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling. Study subjects were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Barthel Index, Sniffin' Sticks Test, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that influence MCI among elderly people in the community.Results:A total of 252 questionnaires were distributed and 243 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 96.4% (243/252). Among 243 elderly people in the community, 75 experienced MCI, with an incidence of 30.9% (75/243). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of MCI in elderly people with olfactory dysfunctions was 1.979 times that in elderly people without olfactory dysfunctions and age, previous occupational type and frequency of mental activity were the influencing factors for the occurrence of MCI ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of MCI is high among elderly people in the community, especially those with olfactory dysfunctions. Nursing staff should pay attention to the role of olfactory dysfunction in cognitive function screening and risk factor management.

Objective:To analyze the early predictive value of olfactory function for cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) .Methods:From March 2023 to January 2024, convenience sampling was used to select 385 older adults with MCI from two community health service centers in Dongcheng District and Fengtai District of Beijing as participants. Participants were followed up for six months to collect data on general information, olfactory function testing, and cognitive function. According to whether there were changes in clinical cognitive function, older adults were divided into a cognitive function decline group and a cognitive function non-decline group. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of cognitive decline in older adults with MCI, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive effect of olfactory function on cognitive decline.Results:Among 385 older adults with MCI, 113 (29.4%) experienced cognitive decline. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, passive cognition activity, social activity, and olfactory dysfunction were independent influencing factors for cognitive decline in older adults with MCI ( P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.819 [95% CI (0.773, 0.865), P<0.01], with an optimal cutoff value of 9.5 points, a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 31.0%. Conclusions:The olfactory function has good predictive value for cognitive decline in older adults with MCI, and can be used for early screening of MCI high-risk individuals with rapid cognitive decline.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic can identify geriatric syndrome as well as geriatric health problems, and provide comprehensive systematic diagnosis and treatment for older patients, which is conducive to reducing the number of outpatient visits and saving medical costs.However, the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic in China is just in the initial stage.There are no guiding opinions on the orientation, work content, work process, and quality management.Therefore, this consensus was conducted based on the latest evidence and expert opinions which aims to provide guidance for the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic.

Objective:To evaluate and synthesize the best evidence for exercise intervention in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment.Methods:All evidence on exercise intervention for elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment were retrieved from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) , the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) , Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) , Medlive, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data and so on. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2020. The quality of the articles were assessed by investigators trained in evidence-based methodology, and the best evidence for exercise intervention in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment was extracted.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, including 2 guidelines, 2 expert consensus, 1 evidence summary, and 18 systematic reviews. A total of 15 pieces of evidence for exercise intervention in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment were summarized, involving five aspects, namely, management/training mode, exercise mode, exercise intensity, exercise duration/frequency, and exercise safety.Conclusions:In the process of evidence application, specific clinical scenarios should be fully considered, and on the premise of ensuring patient safety, an individualized exercise intervention plan should be formulated according to the specific conditions of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment to improve cognitive function in elderly patients.

Objective:To systematically retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of the application of cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment, so as to provide reference for the development of appropriate cognitive training programs.Methods:The guidelines, evidence summaries, best practices, expert consensus and systematic reviews were retrieved from the guidelines network, the websites of cognitive impairment related societies and Chinese and English databases from January 2015 to March 15, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality and extracted data. In case of disagreement, two researchers discussed or the third researcher decided.Results:A total of 19 literatures were included, including 1 guideline, 2 expert consensus, 1 best practice and 15 systematic reviews, summarizing 15 pieces of best evidence from five aspects of cognitive training evaluation, goal, implementation method, evaluation and effect.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on the application of cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment, in order to provide a reference for clinical intervention and management of patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Objective:To systematically summarize the application status of exercise intervention in the disabled elderly, so as to provide theoretical reference for future research and clinical practice.Methods:Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping review, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang were searched for literatures on application of exercise intervention in the disabled elderly. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to April 25, 2022, and the contents of the included literatures were summarized.Results:A total of 39 literature were included, including 27 randomized controlled trails, 10 quasi-experimental studies and 2 mixed-method studies. The content of exercise intervention included exercise type, exercise form, exercise intensity, exercise safety and compliance measures. Outcome measures include the effectiveness and feasibility of application of exercise in the disabled elderly.Conclusions:The exercise program for the disabled elderly has the characteristics of diversification, individuation and safety, and the evaluation indexes are diverse. Future studies can further explore the corresponding relationship between different exercise programs and effects, and further analyze the compliance and cost-effectiveness of exercise.

The degree of aging in China is further deepened, and the overall health level of the elderly is not optimistic. This paper reviews the research progress of common assessment tools and risk factors for disability in the elderly, in order to provide reference for clinical nurses to better prevent and intervene disability in the elderly.

Objective:To explore the status quo of physical function of the elderly in China and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted interventions.Methods:From January to April 2022, 2 872 elderly people from 8 provinces or municipalities in China were selected as research subjects by convenient sampling. The elderly were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Binomial Logistic regression was used to explore the independent influencing factors of physical function in the elderly.Results:Among 2 872 elderly people, the score of the SPPB was (5.38±4.37), and 76.8% (2 207/2 872) of the elderly had physical function impairment. The results of binomial Logistic regression showed that gender, age, body mass index, type of residence, regular exercise, self-reported hearing impairment and cognitive impairment were independent influencing factors of the physical function of the elderly ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The physical function of the elderly in China needs to be improved. Nurses should focus on women, the very elderly people, the elderly with low body mass index, living in rural areas, irregular exercise, hearing impairment and cognitive impairment, and carry out targeted early intervention to improve the physical function of the elderly.

Objective:To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and practice of palliative care among nurses in 10 general hospitals in Beijing and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for further training and management of palliative care.Methods:From March to April 2020, convenience sampling was used to select nurses from 10 general hospitals in Beijing for investigation with three questionnaires on knowledge, attitude and behavior of palliative care in Chinese. A total of 850 questionnaires were returned and 833 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid rate of 98.00%. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and behavior of palliative care among nurses.Results:The overall score for palliative care of nursing staff in 10 general hospitals in Beijing was (82.16±8.73) , with a score rate of 68.47%. The knowledge score was (12.36±4.14) with a score rate of 61.80%, and the attitude score was (36.85±3.97) with a score rate of 61.42%, and the behavior score was (32.95±5.84) with a score rate of 82.37%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that participation in palliative care training, gender, job title, knowledge and attitude, and monthly income were the main influencing factors of nurses' knowledge, attitude and behavior on palliative care ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The current status of palliative care awareness among nurses in Beijing general hospitals is at an intermediate level and needs to be further improved. Nursing managers should strengthen the training and education of nursing staff, improve relevant knowledge, palliative care attitudes and professional enthusiasm, so as to promote behavioral changes and improve the quality of clinical nursing.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in Chinese elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: 73 AML patients over the age of 60 were enrolled. CGA stratification included the following 3 instrument assessment: activity of daily living (ADL) ; instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) ; comorbidity score according to the Modified cumulative illness rating score for geriatrics (MCIRS-G) . According to CGA and age, the enrolled patients were grouped into 'fit’, 'unfit’ and 'frail’ categories. Results: The median age of 73 elderly AML patients were 75 years old. According to CGA, 37 (50.1%) patients were classified as 'fit’, 14 (19.2%) as 'unfit’, and 22 (30.7%) as 'frail’. 33 (89.2%) patients in fit group received induction chemotherapy, or demethylation treatment, as 8 (57.9%) in unfit, 10 (45.5%) in frail. The overall response rate was 68.7%、62.5%, 75.0% in fit, unfit, and frail group, respectively (χ²=0.615, P=0.769) .The early mortality (8 weeks) in three groups were different: 5.4%, 7.1%, 27.3%, respectively (P<0.05) . The 1-year overall survival in the 'fit’, 'unfit’ and 'frail’ groups was 64.9%, 28.6% and 22.7%, respectively (P<0.05) . The CGA score, age, ECOG score, WHO classification (2016) were the prognostic factors of AML patients. Conclusion CGA can be used to determine the prognosis of elderly AML patients.