Objective To explore the effects of high glucose on glucose transport activity, and phosphorylationandexpressionofinsulinsignalingproteins in primary cultured rat adipocytes. Methods Isolated rat adipocytes were cultured at different glucose concentrations (5, 10, 15, 25 mmol/L) for 24 h. Then the glucose uptake, the phosphorylations of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 and protein kinase B (PKB) as well as the protein expressions of IRS1, IRS2, p85 subunit of phosphatitylinositol 3 kinase (p85) and PKB were measured. Results These adipocytes treated with different high glucose showed the impairment of the basal and insulin induced increase in glucose uptake and significant decrease of IR, IRS1 and PKB phosphorylations as well as IRS1 protein expression, but up regulation of IRS2 protein expression. p85 and PKB contents and IRS2 phosphorylation were unaffected. Conclusion The exposure to high glucose inhibits glucose uptake and induces insulin resistance in adipocyte. The mechanism may be involved in affecting the multiple step phosphorylations and the expressions of insulin signaling proteins.

Objective To investigate the expression of forkhead box C2 (FOXC2),Vimentin and E-cadherin protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma and the relationship of FOXC2,Vimentin and E-cadherin with the clinicopathological parameters,and the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorec tal adenocarcinoma and the correlation between FOXC2 and EMT.Methods The expressions of FOXC2,Vimentin and E-cadherin in 102 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and 30 cases of adjacent noncancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method,and the correlation between FOXC2 and EMT and the clinicopathological parameters of colorectal adenocarcinoma were analyzed.Results The positive rates of FOXC2,Vimentin and E-cadherin in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 53.9％,40.2％ and 26.5％,respectively.The positive rates of FOXC2,Vimentin and E-cadherin in adjacent noncancerous tissues were 6.7％,0 and 63.3％.Compared to paracancerous tissue,the expression of FOXC2 and Vimentin in colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly increased,while the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased.The positive rates of FOXC2 and Vimentin in lymph node metastasis group were 79.1％ and 67.4％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (35.6％,P ＜0.01;20.3％,P ＜0.01).The positive rate of E-cadherin in lymph node metastasis group was 16.3％,which was significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis (33.9％,P ＜ 0.01).The positive rates of FOXC2 and Vimentin in T1 +T2 phase were 41.7％ and 25.0％,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in T3 + T4 stage (83.3％,P ＜0.01;76.7％,P ＜0.01).The positive rate of Ecadherin in T1 + T2 stage group was 33.3％,which was significantly higher than that in T3 + T4 stage (10.0％,P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between FOXC2 and Vimentin in colorectal adenocarcinoma (P ＜0.01),and negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions EMT may promote the development and metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma,FOXC2 may be involved in colorectal cancer EMT and through the EMT to promote the malignant process of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

With the increasingly tense doctor-patient relationship,the practice teaching of laboratory medicine has obviously been affected.For example,the practice teachings systems do not adapt to the updated situations,and practice teaching has been simplified and communication training ignored.In order to deal with these problems and ensure the goals of practice teaching,various measures have been taken in training hospitals.Firstly,the practice system has been further improved and implemented effectively by strengthening mobilization and adopting qualification licensing before practice and interaction practice between teachers and students and regular communication between school and training hospital during practice and strict assessment after practice.Secondly,medical ethics educations and laboratory biological safety have been strengthened.Thirdly,the modem automation and classic morphology should be integrated.Finally,the ability of communication between medical laboratory and doctor and patients should be cultivated,and so on.These measures are to ensure the effect of the practice teaching and cultivate excellent students.

Objective To explore the preventive effect and mechanism of pioglitazone on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.Methods Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group , high-fat diet group , and pioglitazone intervention group , with 12 rats in each group .Normal control group fed with standard diet for eight weeks , and the rest two groups fed with high fat diet .Pioglitazone intervention group fed with pioglitazone in the four to eight weeks , the rest two groups in the same period fed with distilled water .Fasting serum alanine aminotransferase , aspartate aminotransferase , total cholesterol , triglyc-erides, fasting glucose , and fasting blood insulin levels were determined .The fasting insulin resistance index was calculated .Routine histological features of hepatic section were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.The shape change of Kupffer cells in the liv-er was detected .The levels of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-αand nitric oxide ( NO) secreted by Kupffer cells were measured .Results The fasting insulin resistance index , triglycerides , and total cholesterol in rats of high-fat diet group were significantly higher than in normal control group ( P <0.05 ) .Histopathological examination showed hepatocellular macrove sicular steatosis , lobular inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory cell infiltration .Hepatic Kupffer cell morphology change , its produced TNF, NO and liver tissue pa-thology changes were positively correlated ( P <0.05 ) .The fasting insulin resistance index , triglycerides , total cholesterol was signifi-cantly lower in rats of pioglitazone intervention group than the high-fat diet group ( P <0.05 ) .The liver tissue structure was obviously improved pioglitazone intervention group rats , morphology and function of liver Kupffer cells were normal .Conclusions Pioglitazone can prevent the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet .The mechanism may be related to improve insulin resistance , reduce blood fat , and regulate function of Kupffer cells .

To study effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on the growth and differentiation of rat adipocytes, a cells culture system of rat primary preadipocytes was established. The cells treated by different concentration of AA supplemented based on DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay method. Hoechst33342 fluorescence staining observed AA induced morphological changes. Oil Red O staining extraction assay assess the degree of adipogenesis and differentiation, and cyclooxygenases-2(COX-2) mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that rat preadipocytes treated with 120 μmol/L AA for 24-72 hours remarkably promoted the cells proliferation compared with control, 160 μmol/L AA treated for 48 hours could induce apoptosis of preadipocytes. 40, 80 μmol/L AA decreased the fat content in cells at 72 hours, and 40 μmol/L AA significantly up-regulated the expression of COX-2 mRNA at 24 hours. This results indicate that AA regulate adipocytes proliferation and differentiation depended on treatment time and concentration. 40-80 μmol/L AA maybe useful to control body fat, which may be associated with the increase of COX-2 mRNA.

Objective Study the effects of early overfeeding in the adult offspring of mother with severely hyperglycaemia in pregnancy to islet development and insulin resistance. Methods Thirty healthy female Wistar rats were mated with 10 male Wistar rats and the morning on which sperm were found in three different visual fields of the vaginal smear was designated pregnancy day 1. The pregnant rats were intraperitoneally administered with Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/L) on 5th day of pregnancy, and blood glucose exceeded 20 mmol/L to induce severely gestational diabetes mellitus (SDM) model. The pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to two experimental groups: SDM (n = 16) and control (n = 8). Litter size reduction in the lactation period induced early postnatal overfeeding model. Offspring were divided into three groups according to the level of blood glucose in pregnancy and feeding patterns in lactation: ( 1 ) control group (CG):euglycemia in pregnancy, eight pups in lactation;(2) severely gestational diabetes mellitusnormal feeding (SDM-N):severely gestational diabetes mellitus, eight pups in lactation; (3) severely gestational diabetes mellitus-overfeeding (SDM-O): severely gestational diabetes mellitus, four pups lactation. At the end of the lactation period, all pups were fed standard laboratory chow adlibitum until the date of the experiments. Offspring body weight was measured weekly after ablactation. Serum insulin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pancreatic islet morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in all three groups at 26 weeks of age. Results (1) Blood glucose of pregnant Wistar rats: SDM (28.3 ±5.1 ) mmol/L was statistically higher than control (6.3 ± 1.4) mmol/L ( P ＜ 0.05 ). (2) Growth rates of body weight in 3 - 7 weeks and 3 - 9 weeks: SDM-N: (4. 6 ± 1.3) % and (6.8±2.5)%, SDM-O:(3.2±0.7)% and(4.6±1.2)%,CG:(2.9 ±0.6)% and(4.1 ±0.8)%.The growth rates of body weight in SDM-N and SDM-O were both significantly higher than those in CG ( P ＜0.05 ). (3) Body weight at 26 weeks: CG: (486 ± 132) g, SDM-N: ( 387 ± 115 ) g, SDM-O: ( 382 ± 122) g.There was no statistical difference among the three groups (P ＞0.05). (4) Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG),fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI): at 26 weeks, the SDM-offspring has nomal FPG, but more insulin was needed to keep it normal. The insulin level of SDM-O[ ( 12.6 ± 3.3) mU/L ] was statistically higher than those of SDM-N [ ( 10.9 ± 3.3 )mU/L] and CG [ ( 8.6 ± 0.8 ) mU/L ] ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The ISI of SDM-O ( 0.020 ± 0.006 ) was significantly smaller than its HOMA-IR(2.40 ±0.62,P ＜0.05). (5)The morphological change of pancreatic islet: The islets of CG and SDM-N were round or ellipse and have clear boundary between endocrine and exocrine parts and the β cells distributed equally. However, SDM-O islets were not of uniform size and most of islets were hyperplasia and hypertrophy. (6) Relative β cell area of pancreas, β-cell area and islet size: SDM-O:(1.81 ±0.31)%, (57.1 ±3.2)% and(39 067 ±3308)μm2; SDM-N:(1.34 ±0.43)%,(60.9 ±0.6)% and ( 30 570 ± 4824 ) μm2; CG: ( 1.11 ± 0.26 )%, ( 63.7 ± 2.7 )% and ( 26 443 ± 4431 ) μm2.SDM-O has significantly increasing β-cell mass, hypertrophic islet size and slightly decreasing β-cell percentage compared with other two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The exposure of severely hyperglycemia in pregnancy induces low weight infant and postnatal catch-up growth leading to the possibility of insulin resislance (IR) in adult and early postnatal overfeeding will accelerate such course. Islet morphology of SDM-N has no significant change, indicating that maternal diabetes mainly affected β-cell function but not islet morphological features. SDM overfeeding results in early impairment of islet morphology and function, indicating that the compensation ability of islets has already been impaired and the risk of further development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes. In conclusion, the nutritonal environment in early life ( duration of pregnancy and lactation) participate in the metabolic programming in adulthood.

Objective To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the clinical pathology fea-tures in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients. Methods ALT and hepatitis B virus loading level and HOMA-IR were measured in 80 CHB pa-tients. Correlation analysis was performed with pathological features of liver tissue. Result Insulin resistance(IR) was much more obvious in patients with severer degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis . HOMA-IR and the insulin level of CHB patients in G3 grade(15.24±7.41,3.51 ± 1.91) and S3 stage (16.65±6. 46,3.79 ± 1.50) were higher than those in G2 grade (10.33 ± 6.28,2.25 ± 1.39) and S2 stage(9.06 ± 4.61,2.02 ± 1.11). The HOMA-IR was positive correlated with the level of age and ALT. Conclusion The development of IR in CHB patients was correlated with age and the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regularity and characteristics of ADR induced by Mailuoning injection,and to provide reference for rational use of drugs.METHODS:In retrospective study,ADR/ADE cases of Mailuoning injection reported in Henan province from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appendents(24.95%),respiratory system injury(23.81%) and nervous system injury(15.38%).The clinical manifestations of serious ADR/ADE were allergic shock,dyspnea and choking etc.CONCLUSION:Clinical rational use of drugs should be improved to avoid serious ADR and guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective To investigate the effect of solution-focused therapy on the care burden and negative emotions of the primary caregivers with elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight elderly patients with hip fractures and caregivers were divided into intervention group and control group with 84 pairs by random digits table method, and the two groups were given continual nursing care. At the same time, the primary caregivers of intervention group accepted the solution-focused therapy. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used as the evaluation indexes. Results Before intervention, the score of CBI, SAS,SDS was (42.07 ± 4.24), (50.75 ± 11.21), (51.59 ± 13.18) points in control group and (42.10 ± 3.96), (50.48 ± 12.59), (52.96 ± 13.51) points in intervention group, and there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, the score of CBI, SAS, SDS was (40.49±3.17), (50.64±11.33), (50.14±10.25) points in control group and (28.95±2.87), (36.73±9.45), (41.60±8.23) points in intervention group, and there was significant differences between two groups (t=5.42, 8.73, 7.45, all P<0.05). Conclusions Solution-focused therapy can effectively reduce the care burden of the primary caregivers of elderly patients with hip fractures and alleviate their anxiety and depression.

Objective To establish an effective cleaning process for automatic spray cleaning machine in case of without water purification system and to reduce the formation of scale on the surface of machine and instruments with increased cleaning degree.Methods Descale process was added to the previons concrete cleaning process.The clean effect Was compared with previous concrete process.The blocking of the pipeline was observed.Results The clean degree by new cleaning process reached 97.23%,which was,better than that of the previous process.The problem of blocking of the pipeline was also solved.Conclusions Addition of descale process when using automatic spray cleaning machine in case of without water purification system could guarantee the clean quality of instruments.