A total of 5874 residents in Xian urban and rural districts were examin-ed for the survey of viral hepatitis in October, 1979-February, 1980. Therate of infection from the asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg was found to be5. 0% in total, being higher in the rural district than in the urban andhigher in male than in female. The rate in the carriers of 15-30 yearswas the highest of all and had a tendency to decrease in the carriers ofover 40. However, the positive rate in the carriers of 0-3 years was the low-est of all. It has been showed that the transmission of HBsAg from motherto infant might not be the main mode of spread in the districts. There wasa higher rate in the peasants and college students. All this indicated thatyoung people played a more important role in spreading the disease. As for the sources of infection, the asymptomatic carriers of HBsAgwere not only larger in amounts but more in the positive rate. The HBsAgtiter of carriers by RPHA was markedly higher than the titer of patients.With regard to the rates of HBeAg, it seems that carriers are the same withpatients. Furthermore, the carrier's household had a higher prevalence ratethan the control groups. As has been mentioned above, we considerab thatthe role of carriers as source of infection should no longer be suspected.

A baseline seroepidemiologic study of HBV infection was conducted in 1384 people in Xi'an, The results show that in kindergarten children the prevalence rates of anti-Hbs and seropositivity (at least one of HBV markers detectable) are significantly lower than those in school children and adults. In children above 8 years of age both rates mentioned above are very close to those of adults. To conclude these, we put forward the following points for the decision making of hepatitis B vaccination in our country: (1) Hepatitis B vaccine should be given as soon as possible to all infants or newborns. (2) In children under 3 years of age, a no screening vaccination program should be extended. As to what the vaccination program for children above 3 years of age should be and whether a hepetitis B vaccination should be done or not in school children, further studies are to be carried out. The study also provides bases for the feasibility of using one or two HBV serologic markers in large scale population screening before vaccination.

HBV infection markers were oberved in the feaces of 25 newly-infected persons and 11 asymptomatic carriers, In all the 36 subjects, HBsAg was detected, with a detectable rate of 72.2%; according to the number of feaces samples, the positive rate of HBsAg was 35.2%(57/162). Of the samples of those who had HBsAg detected, the positive rate of HBeAg was 24.7%(23/93), and HBV-DNA was positive in 2 of 51 HBsAg positive samples. With immunoelectromicroscope round particles of larger clustering HBsAg were found in most of feaces samples; bacause of the use of ultracentrifugal method and monoclonal anti-HBs, their shape and size were the same as those found in HBsAg positive serum.

Objective To explore the clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of frontal lobe ep- ilepsy(FLE).Methods The clinical and electroencephalographic data of 80 patients with FLE were analyzed.Re- suits The seizure types of frontal lobe epilepsy were simple focal seizure-complex focal seizure and secondary gen- eral tonic.clonic seizure.Seizures were often exhibited in relatively short duration,hyper motor,tonic or postural.Fre- quent nocturnal attacks and slight postictal mental confusion was increased.Interictal EEG manifested sharps or spikes or slow wave in the frontal area.Ictal EEG showed paroxysm rhythms.Conclusion FLE is a distinct epilepsy syndrome.

With decision tree model, both net utility and cost-benefit were analysed to comprehensively assess hepatitis B vaccination strategy in China. The result showed that neonates shoulUbe taken as the most favourable vaccinated population, infants aged 0～3 years the next, and immediate vaccination scheme was recommended. Although vaccination would result in negative benefit in the population aged 7 and over, certain net utility was also gained, Therefore we suggest that the subjects to be vaccinated be extended in due course.

A serocpidemiologic study was conducted to approach the relation between HBV infection and PLC. In PLC patients, the positivity rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc are higher than that in the tumor and donors groups, but that of anti-HBs is lower. No significant difference between the HBV infections rates for PLA patients and donors was found. HBV infections pattern of patients with liver cirrhosis is very close to that of those with PLC.The outcome prompts that there is a relation between HBV infection and PLC, but it is not only one.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of senile epilepsy. Methods The clinical characteristics of 180 elderly patients with epilepsy were retrospectively studied. Results The common causes of senile epilepsy were cerebrovascular disease (8 cases,4.4％),brain tumor(24 cases,13.3％),brain trauma and operation (18 cases,10.0％),brain atrophy (6 cases,3.3 ％ ),The most type of seizures were focal seizures (106 cases,58.9 ％) or focal seizures preceding a generalized (62 cases,34.4％). Electroencephalogram (EEG) usually showed focal slow wave activity or rhythm.Most of seizures were responsive well to single antiepilepsy drug. Conclusions The causes of elderly epilepsy are cerebrovascular disease,brain tumor,brain trauma, brain operation, brain atrophy. Senile epilepsy is more likely to have symptomatic and focal seizures,and can be controlled by anti-epilepsy drugs.

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and the immunological memory of plasma-derived hepatitis B vac- cine 11 years after the initial inoculation. Methods A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial design was used. Results The immunogenicity and protection rate of the vaccine were good 1 1 years after vaccination, how- ever, from 9 to 11 years after vaccination, the perscn year HBV infection rate showed no noticeable difference be- tween the vaccine group and placebo-controls. Furthermore, the immunological memory remained 11 years after in- oculation, but was significantly lower than that observed in the past 10 years. Conclusion Vaccine protection wanes over the years. More information is needed to define the appropriate time for vaccine booster doses.

74 primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients (PHC) and 75 controls are tested for HLA and investigated heritability. The results showed the frequency of Bw39 antigen was significantly higher in PHC patients than that in the controls. (Fisher P0.05); but the frequeney of Bw60 antigen, was lower (Fisher P0.05 ). The result of heritability proved the role ofgenetic factor in PHC development.

[Objective] To observe the curative effect of integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine on the disease of cystic hyperplasia of breast.[Method] The 214 cystic hyperplasia of breast cases were randomly divided into two groups.125 cases in the integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine group(observed group).Control group(89 cases)were treated in common practiced western medicine.[Result]In observed group,70 cases fully recovered from illness,40 cases were excellent,6 cases were effective,9case were ineffective.Total effective rate was 92.8%.In control group,27 cases were fully recovered from illness,22 cases were excellent,20 cases were effective,9 cases were ineffective.Total effective rate was 77.4%.The differences between two groups were significant(P