Objective To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning on systemic inflammatory response in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty adult patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C) and remote ischemic preconditioning group (group R).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,fentanyl,vecuronium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after endotracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with iv injection of midazolam,fentanyl,vecuronium and inhalation of sevoflurane.Three cycles of 5-min ischemia and 5-rmin reperfusion were performed on the fight lower extremity immediately after aortic occlusion by means of a tourniquet in group R.A tourniquet was only placed under the right lower extremity in group C.Before CPB and at 0,6 and 24 h after termination of CPB (T1-4),blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular vein for determination of levels of serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),IL-6 and TNF-α.Results The levels of serum ICAM-1,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower in group R than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the baseline value at T1,the levels of serum ICAM-1,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased at T2 and T3 in both groups,serum ICAM-1 and IL-6 levels were increased at T4 in group C,while serum IL-6 level was increased at T4 in group R (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum ICAM-1,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased at T3 and T4 than at T2 in both group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum ICAM-1,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower at T4 than at T3 in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Remote ischemic perconditioning can alleviate the systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

The scientificalness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often doubted and criticized for the record in Huangdi Neijing that the liver is located in the left of the human body. The most popular explanation of this criticism is that the conception of zang-fu viscera in TCM is quite different from which defined in Western medicine. It means that the zang-fu viscera in TCM are not exactly the corresponding anatomical organs in modern human anatomy but reflect the functions of some systems in human body. According to the classical theories of TCM in Huangdi Neijing, we consider that the record of liver located in the left of the human body is based on the Ba Gua (Eight Diagrams) of traditional Chinese philosophy, not the human anatomy. In brief, the conception of zang-fu viscera is initially a gross anatomical conception, and in a sense the anatomic sites and functions of which are mostly similar to those described in Western medicine.

The ancient theory and technology which are related to preventive treatment of disease by dietetic regulation and coordinating meridian according to 25 tones have been developed in the early 21st century. It is proved in sonocytology by nanotechnology that cells are able to produce noise, and the noise will change at first when the cells have any disorders. This theory is in accordance with the one in Huangdi Neijing. The nanotechnology can be introduced into the basic research of traditional Chinese medicine and may contribute to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To evaluata the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass:a meta-analysis.Methods We searched the China Integrated Knowledge Resources Database,Chinese Biomedical Database,Wanfang Database,Weipu,PubMed,Cochrane Library (from inception to July 2015) to identify randomized controlled trials involving dexmedetomidine-induced cardioprotection in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.The following data were extracted from the trials included:the mean arterial pressure and heart rate at breast bone splitting,the spontaneous recovery of heart beat during surgery,the plasma concentrations of creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I at 6,24 and 48 h after surgery,and heart rate at 24 h after surgery.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3 software.Results Twelve prospective randomized controlled trials involving 750 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The patients were divided into 2 groups:dexmedetomidine group (n =376)and control group (n =374).Compared with control group,the plasma caradiac troponin I concentrations at 6,24,and 48 h after surgery,and creatine kinase-MB concentrations at 6 and 24 h after surgery were significantly decreased,the mean arterial pressure and heart rate were decreased at breast bone splitting,heart rate was decreased at 24 h after surgery,and the percentage of spontaneous recovery of heart beat was increased in dexmedetomidine group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

OBJECTIVE: To find out some evidence that may indicate the theory of voice pitch of the five tones being correlated with the five zang viscera in Huangdi Neijing, which was lost 2 000 years. METHODS: Eight-four healthy females were divided into younger group (<34 years old) and older group (> or =34 years old) according to their ages. The pronunciations of these females were examined by sono-frequency analysis facility. RESULTS: The frequency of Jiao tone was much higher than those of the other tones in both groups (P<0.01) and the frequency of Jiao tone increased as aging. The frequency of Zhi tone in the younger group was higher than that in the older group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of higher frequency of Jiao tone in females is in accordance with the theory put forward by Ye Gui (a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty of China) that the liver is the congenital base of female life. In traditional Chinese medicine, Jiao tone is correlated with the liver, and Zhi tone is correlated with the heart. The high frequency of Zhi tone in younger females implies that regulating the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang and Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin may be beneficial to the health maintenance of younger female.

Objective To evaluate the effects of extremity ischemic preconditioning on liver injury after cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (NYHA Ⅱ or Ⅲ), weighing 44-72 kg, with ejection fraction≥40％, schedule for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table: control group (group C) and extremity ischemic preconditioning group (group E).Immediately after anesthesia induction, an auto-inflatable cuff was placed under the right lower extremity, and was inflated to 300 mmHg to induce ischemia (oxygen saturation at the finger tip undetected or foot pulse untouched on the operated side) which was preceded by 3 cycles of 5 min ischemia-5 min reperfusion in group E.Before anesthesia induction (T0) , and at 2, 12, 24, and 72 h, and 7 days after operation (T1-5) , blood samples were taken from the right internal jugular vein for determination of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities.The expression of serum miR-122 was detected at T0-4 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with the value at T0, the serum ALT and AST activities were significantly increased at T2-4, and the expression of miR-122 was up-regulated at T1-3 in the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, the serum ALT and AST activities were significantly decreased at T2-4, and the expression of miR-122 was down-regulated at T1-3in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusion Extremity ischemic preconditioning can mitigate liver injury after cardiac valve replacement with CPB.