ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Huoxue Xiaoyi Formula （活血消异方， HXF） in treating ovarian endometriosis （OEM） from the perspective of T follicular helper （Tfh） cells and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway. MethodsForty-five female SD rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly divided into three groups， HXF group， model group， and normal group， with 15 rats in each group. A rat model of OEM was established by autologous endometrial tissue implantation. After successful modeling， the treatment group received HXF at 5.85 g/（kg·d） by gavage for 14 consecutive days. The model group and normal group received 1 mL/d of normal saline by gavage. RNA-sequencing data from human proliferative-phase endometriotic and normal endometrial tissues were downloaded from the GEO database. Transcriptomic sequencing was used to analyze gene expression in rat ovarian ectopic tissues and normal uterine tissues， and comparisons were made with human data to verify JAK/STAT pathway activation in proliferative-phase ectopic tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of CXC chemokine receptor 5 （CXCR5） and interleukin-21 （IL-21） in rat ovarian ectopic and normal uterine tissues. Western Blotting was performed to detect the protein levels of IL-21， IL-21 receptor （IL-21R）， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 （STAT6）， and B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）. Tfh cell infiltration was analyzed using immune cell infiltration methods. ResultsGene set enrichment analysis showed that the JAK/STAT pathway was significantly activated in human proliferative-phase endometriotic tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues. Similarly， the JAK/STAT pathway was markedly activated in rat ovarian ectopic tissues in the model group compared to the normal group， but suppressed in the HXF group compared to the model group. Compared with normal uterine tissues， ovarian ectopic tissues in the model group showed increased Tfh cell infiltration scores， higher CXCR5 and IL-21 expression， and elevated levels of IL-21， IL-21R， JAK1， STAT6， and Bcl-2 proteins. Compared with the model group， HXF group showed reduced CXCR5 and IL-21 expression and decreased protein levels of IL-21， IL-21R， JAK1， STAT6， and Bcl-2. ConclusionHXF may suppress activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in ovarian endometriotic tissues by inhibiting IL-21 secretion from Tfh cells.

Objective To understand the application effect of early screening scale and behavioral intervention effect in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 348 children with suspected ASD were selected and evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The evaluation results were compared with those from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Children enrolled were given Early start Denver model (ESDM) intervention. The evaluation results of Gesell Developmental Scale and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scores were compared before and after intervention. Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years were 89.53%, 90.70%, 89.92% and 0.78. The corresponding values of ABC were 78.49%, 81.40%, 79.46% and 0.56. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating children aged >3-6 years were 87.30%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 0.64. The corresponding values of ABC were 85.71%, 77.78%, 83.33% and 0.62. The sensitivity and accuracy of M-CHAT were higher than ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between M-CHAT and ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 3-6 years (P>0.05). After intervention, development quotients (DQ) of personal-social aspects, adaptability, language, gross motor, and fine motor of children with ASD were higher than those before intervention (P<0.05). ATEC scores for language, behavior, sensation, and social contact of children with ASD were lower than those before intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion M-CHAT and ABC both can be used for early screening of ASD in children, especially M-CHAT. Early behavioral intervention can effectively improve the condition and developmental level of children with ASD.

ObjectiveTo explore the impacts of material type and loading volume of rigid containers on the hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization of thoracoscopic instruments, to identify the best rigid containers and loading volume of thoracoscopic instruments. MethodsThoracoscopic instruments sterilized by STERRAD^® 100NX hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from August to September 2024 were selected as the research items. According to the material of rigid containers, the instruments were divided into polyethylene case group (A), stainless steel case group (B) and silicone resin case group (C). In terms of the loading volume, the rigid containers were divided into (loading capacity <80%) groups of 8, 10 and 12 instruments. The results of physical monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator card monitoring, and the five types of card luminal chemical process challenge device (PCD) monitoring of the 9 groups of A8, A10, A12, B8, B10, B12, C8, C10 and C12 were compared and evaluated. ResultsCompared to A8, A10 A12, C8, C10 or C12 groups, the thoracoscope instruments in the stainless steel containers in B8, B10 or B12 group had higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations and shorter elapsed time in the pressure check phases 1 and phases 2, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05), followed by the silicone resin case group and the polyethylene case group. The nine groups of physical parameter monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator monitoring, and the five types of chemical PCD monitoring for lumen sterilization achieved 100% qualification rates, and there were no significant differences in the qualified rates of sterilization among the 9 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionWhen using hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma to sterilize thoracoscopic instruments, it is recommended to use stainless steel or silicone resin rigid containers with a controlled loading capacity (≤12) to ensure optimal sterilization quality.

The quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions (TCMPs) is critical to clinical efficacy; however, evaluating their consistency and identifying sources of variability remain challenging. This study proposes an integrated strategy to assess the quality of 100 widely sold TCMPs. A "one-for-all" chromatographic method was employed to analyze 645 sample batches. This large-scale data collection enabled statistical evaluations, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and similarity heatmap, to identify quality inconsistencies. The introduction of a TCM-specific mass spectrometry (MS) database allowed for rapid, automated annotation of chemicals across 100 prescriptions and facilitated the tracing of raw material sources. Results indicate that 19% of prescriptions exhibited chemical inconsistencies, which are associated with high market value, low pricing, and substantial price disparities. The MS database allowed rapid annotation of 761 and 673 compounds in positive and negative modes, respectively, in 100 TCMPs, with 73 prescriptions reported for the first time. The tracing efforts succeeded in identifying >40% of the raw material sources for 51 prescriptions. P93 (Yinianjin (YNJ)) is a case in which the chromatographic profiles from three manufacturers displayed inconsistencies. Analysis using the database traced divergent peaks to Rhei Radix et R hizoma (RRER). Verification with self-prepared samples confirmed that manufacturers utilized three distinct botanical sources. This integrated strategy provides a scalable framework for quality control in TCMPs.

We report a case of a male patient who developed persistent fever and central nervous system symptoms after eating raw snails for 10 days. The patient was diagnosed with Angiostrongyliasis depended on the clinical presentation, epidemiological history, and etiological results. The patient recovered after receiving albendazole anthelmintic and dexamethasone anti-inflammatory therapy. This article incorporates literature review to sort out the diagnosis and treatment of this patient, in order to provide feasible reference for clinicians.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of tenecteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke， and to provide a basis for clinical rational drug use and related decision-making. METHODS The related literature in the PubMed， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang data and health technology assessment （HTA） databases were searched from the establishment of the database to June 30th， 2024. Systematic reviews/meta-analyses， pharmacoeconomic studies and HTA reports on tenecteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke were collected. After data extraction and quality assessment， descriptive analysis of the included studies was carried out. RESULTS A total of 31 articles were included， involving 28 systematic reviews/ meta-analysis and 3 pharmacoeconomic studies. In terms of effectiveness， compared with alteplase， tenecteplase （0.25 mg/kg） could significantly increase the early neurological improvement； the 90 d excellent neurological recovery rate， 90 d good neurological recovery rate， and recanalization were not inferior to alteplase. For safety， compared with alteplase， tenecteplase did not increase the incidence of hemorrhage， symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage， 3-month mortality， or intracranial hemorrhage. In terms of cost-effectiveness， foreign research results showed that tenecteplase had economic advantages over alteplase. CONCLUSIONS Compared with alteplase， tenecteplase is effective and safe in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke， and it is cost-effective.

We report a case of a male patient who developed persistent fever and central nervous system symptoms after eating raw snails for 10 days. The patient was diagnosed with Angiostrongyliasis depended on the clinical presentation, epidemiological history, and etiological results. The patient recovered after receiving albendazole anthelmintic and dexamethasone anti-inflammatory therapy. This article incorporates literature review to sort out the diagnosis and treatment of this patient, in order to provide feasible reference for clinicians.

Objective To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Modified Lugen Formula(Phragmitis Rhizoma,Cicadae Periostracum,Batryticatus Bombyx,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Glycyrrhiza,Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Bupleuri Radix)in treating influenza from the virus-host interaction interface.Methods The phytocompounds were first collected from the HERB database,and then potential active compounds were screened out by Lipinski's rules of five.The targets of active compounds were further predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction platform.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were determined from the human H1N1 influenza dataset GSE90732 available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database(GEO).H1N1-Homo sapiens-related protein-protein interactions(PPIs)were gathered from the Pathogen-Host Interaction Search Tool(PHISTO).The above mentioned bioinformatic datasets were integrated.Then a PPI network and a Formula-virus-host interaction network were constructed using Cytoscape.Functional enrichment analyses were performed by using R software.Finally,molecular docking was carried out to evaluate the binding activities between the key compounds and targets.Results A total of 1 252 active compounds,1 415 targets,951 influenza-related DEGs,and 10 142 H1N1-Homo sapiens-related PPIs were obtained.There were 72 intersection targets between the Modified Lugen Formula and influenza.Functional enrichment analyses showed that these targets are closely related to host defense and programmed cell death.The network topological analysis showed that active compounds in the Modified Lugen Formula,such as oleanolic acid,γ-undecalactone,and longispinogenin,regulate viral proteins M2,NA,NS1,and HA and/or the host factors HSP90AA1,NRAS,and ITGB1,thus exert therapeutic effect.Molecular docking results confirmed that these compounds had a good binding ability with the targets.Conclusion Multiple active ingredients in Modified Lugen Formula directly target influenza virus proteins and/or host factors,thereby play an anti-influenza role in multiple dimensions,including inhibiting virus replication,regulating host defense and cell death.This study provides a theoretical basis for further experimental analysis of the action mechanism of the Modified Lugen Formula in treating influenza.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is one of the leading causes of death among young adults worldwide. Multiple organ dysfunction in HS is caused by an imbalance between tissue oxygen supply and demand, which is closely related to the poor prognosis of patient. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the key mechanisms contributing to multiple organ dysfunction in HS, while mitochondrial quality control regulates mitochondrial function through a series of processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, and mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Modulating mitochondrial quality control can improve organ dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on organ function in HS and discuss the potential mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, providing insights into the injury mechanisms underlying HS and guiding clinical management.

Innate immunity is the front line of the antiviral immune response and the bridge to a-daptive immunity.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)has evolved mul-tiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and thus establish persistent infections,which is one of the biggest obstacles to control PRRSV infection.In antiviral innate immunity,type Ⅰ in-terferons,interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs),and other antiviral proteins are the main perform-ers,cellular autophagy and programmed cell death are important components,noncoding RNAs are key regulators.Studies on evasion mechanisms of innate immune by PRRSV have emerged in re-cent years,greatly expanding our understandings of the PRRSV-host interaction network.In this paper,we outline the latest researches on PRRSV inhibition of type Ⅰ interferon production and its signaling transduction as well as antagonism of ISGs and other antiviral proteins,and focus on summarizing the researches on PRRSV evade the innate immunity through the modulation of cel-lular autophagy,programmed cell death,and non-coding RNAs,with a view to providing ideas for subsequent research and anti-PRRSV vaccine and drug development.