Exosomes, serving as nanoscale molecular signals for intercellular communication, possess the ability to induce odontogenic differentiation and to promote pulp regeneration. Research on their roles in cell differentiation induction has gradually emerged as a research hotspot in the field of regenerative oral medicine. The diversity in cellular sources and pretreatment methods can influence the biological properties and functions of exosomes, while the selection of combined factors and optimization of scaffold delivery strategies further regulate the efficacy of exosomes during differentiation induction. In light of this, the present article aims to comprehensively review and delve into the multi-factorial regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in facilitating odontoblastic differentiation, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development of strategies in oral tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

In recent years, peptide hydrogels have garnered significant attention in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity. They can mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix, effectively encapsulate drugs, and achieve sustained or controlled drug release, thereby facilitate tissue regeneration. This article introduces the research progress in the application of peptide hydrogels for drug sustained/controlled release. It summarizes the research hotspots in the selection and design principles of peptides, optimization strategies for peptide concentrations, and hydrogel construction techniques. Furthermore, the principles and mechanisms underlying the sustained/controlled drug release from polypeptide hydrogels are elucidated, and the detection methods applicable to different sustained/controlled release systems are summarized. The article also prospects the application potential of peptide hydrogels in the field of drug delivery and offers insights for subsequent in-depth research.

Driven by the rapid development of modern information technology and stomatological technology,the construction of digital textbooks in stomatological teaching is proceeding with full vigor.How to fulfill student-centered,multi-demanded,"preach-ing,teaching,and problem-solving"requirements in the new era,fully utilize various technologies,compile diversified,personal-ized and intelligent textbooks,has become an important challenge in current dental education and teaching.This article introduces the main pattern and teaching effects of stomatological digital textbooks(including video animation,network media and virtual simu-lation technology),compares with traditional textbooks,analyzes the existing problems and proposes future prospects,with a view to provide some reference for future innovative development of digital textbooks.

Exosomes, serving as nanoscale molecular signals for intercellular communication, possess the ability to induce odontogenic differentiation and to promote pulp regeneration. Research on their roles in cell differentiation induction has gradually emerged as a research hotspot in the field of regenerative oral medicine. The diversity in cellular sources and pretreatment methods can influence the biological properties and functions of exosomes, while the selection of combined factors and optimization of scaffold delivery strategies further regulate the efficacy of exosomes during differentiation induction. In light of this, the present article aims to comprehensively review and delve into the multi-factorial regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in facilitating odontoblastic differentiation, aiming to provide valuable insights for the development of strategies in oral tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.

In recent years, peptide hydrogels have garnered significant attention in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity. They can mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix, effectively encapsulate drugs, and achieve sustained or controlled drug release, thereby facilitate tissue regeneration. This article introduces the research progress in the application of peptide hydrogels for drug sustained/controlled release. It summarizes the research hotspots in the selection and design principles of peptides, optimization strategies for peptide concentrations, and hydrogel construction techniques. Furthermore, the principles and mechanisms underlying the sustained/controlled drug release from polypeptide hydrogels are elucidated, and the detection methods applicable to different sustained/controlled release systems are summarized. The article also prospects the application potential of peptide hydrogels in the field of drug delivery and offers insights for subsequent in-depth research.

Driven by the rapid development of modern information technology and stomatological technology,the construction of digital textbooks in stomatological teaching is proceeding with full vigor.How to fulfill student-centered,multi-demanded,"preach-ing,teaching,and problem-solving"requirements in the new era,fully utilize various technologies,compile diversified,personal-ized and intelligent textbooks,has become an important challenge in current dental education and teaching.This article introduces the main pattern and teaching effects of stomatological digital textbooks(including video animation,network media and virtual simu-lation technology),compares with traditional textbooks,analyzes the existing problems and proposes future prospects,with a view to provide some reference for future innovative development of digital textbooks.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family has numerous members that play various regulatory roles in cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. They can precisely regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other processes. Notably, the members of the BMP family, such as BMP1, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7, etc., play significant roles in the odontoblast differentiation. By delving into the expression and regulatory mechanisms of BMP during tooth development and reparative regeneration, a deeper understanding of the biological processes involved in tooth formation can be gained, providing theoretical support for the repair and regeneration of dental defects. However, the clinical application of BMP still faces numerous challenges, and how to precisely regulate the expression and activity of BMP during odontogenic differentiation remains to be further studied. In this review, the research progress in the role of the BMP family members for odontogenic differentiation was summarized, with a view to providing some reference for exploring new therapeutic strategies of BMP application in the repair and regeneration of dental defect.

In recent years, problems such as the devitalization of dental pulp and the increased brittleness and fragility of teeth after root canal treatment have attracted more and more attention. Therefore, pulp regeneration has become the focus of research in endodontics and periapical disease, in which vascularization is of paramount importance. It is found that peptide hydrogel scaffolds have been widely applied because of their properties of impacting cell behavior, promoting angiogenesis, and being adaptable. In this review paper, the research progress of the application of peptide hydrogel in the vascularization of pulp regeneration and the properties of various peptide hydrogels were summarized to provide a reference for the further application of peptide hydrogel in pulp regeneration.

Objective:To prepare a peptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation-induced emission and to investigate its application in the detection of early caries.Methods:Eight aspartate-serine-serine (DSS) were combined with aggregation-induced emission material to prepare peptide fluorescent probes, and an artificial demineralization model was established in vitro. The samples were immersed in the peptide fluorescent probe solution for 1 min, and a fluorescence imaging system was applied to examine the tooth samples and collect images and fluorescence data. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to observe the phenotype of the teeth, and electron microscopy was applied to detect the calcium-phosphorus ratio on the enamel surface of the teeth. Polarized light microscopy was also applied to observe the enamel area of the teeth. Results:The fluorescence intensity of demineralized teeth was clearly observed to be lower than that of normal teeth in the peptide fluorescent probe-treated area, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surface of the demineralized group had more irregular pores, while the enamel surface of the undemineralized group was flatter with only some irregular accumulation of flakes. The results of polarized light microscopy showed that a clear birefringence could be observed in the enamel region of normal teeth, while a black area or the disappearance of the birefringence effect accompanied by a partial black dark shadow could be observed in the enamel region of demineralized teeth. Conclusions:An aggregation-induced luminescence-based peptide fluorescent probe was successfully prepared, which can precisely localize the enamel and show some application value in early caries detection.

With the improvement of people's living standard and the strengthening of people's recognition of dental caries prevention and treatment, enamel remineralization has attracted extensive attention. Fluoride, bioactive glass and casein phosphopeptide-amorphic calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are the most widely studied remineralisation agents at present, which have a certain effect of promoting enamel remineralization. The results of different studies shown that the effect of CPP-ACP combined with fluoride was quite different, which may be affected by many factors. In this paper, the recent progress of the combined application of CPP-ACP and fluoride on enamel remineralization was reviewed, and various influencing factors were analyzed in order to provide references for future experimental design and clinical applications.