The growth of P. cruentum when added organic carbon source, organic nitrogen source and group B vitamin into medium were investigated in the present work. Results showed that glucose promoted growth rate observably. When addedZ% (W/V)glucose into the medium, the growth rate was doubled and biomass increased 92.6%to that of control after incubated 10 days . organic nitrogen source restrained the growth or harmed to P. cruentum. Vitamin Be and B12 also promoted the growth rate.

The growth of P.cruentum when added organic carbon source. organic nitrogen source and group B vitamin into medium were investigated in the present work. Results showed that glucose promoted growth rate observably. When added2%(W/V)glucose into the medium, the growth rate was doubled and biomass increased 92 6%to that of control after incubated 10 days .organic nitrogen source restrained the growth or harmed to P.cruentum. Vitamin B 2 and B 12 also promoted the growth rate.

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death for women. Compelling evidence suggests that targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a crucial impact on overcoming the current shortcomings of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the present study, we aimed to study the effects of T cells and a critical anti-tumor cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), on breast cancer stem cells. METHODS: BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 4T1 tumor cells. Tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis were assessed. ALDEFLOUR™ assays were performed to identify aldehyde dehydrogenasebright (ALDHbr) tumor cells. ALDHbr cells as well as T cells from tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were analyzed using flow cytometry. The effects of CD8+ T cells on ALDHbr tumor cells were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The expression profiles of ALDHbr and ALDHdim 4T1 tumor cells were determined. The levels of plasma IFN-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their associations with the percentages of ALDHbr tumor cells were evaluated. The effects of IFN-γ on ALDH expression and the malignancy of 4T1 tumor cells were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS: There were fewer metastatic nodules in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice than those in tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice (25.40 vs. 54.67, P < 0.050). CD8+ T cells decreased the percentages of ALDHbr 4T1 tumor cells in vitro (control vs. effector to target ratio of 1:1, 10.15% vs. 5.76%, P < 0.050) and in vivo (control vs. CD8+ T cell depletion, 10.15% vs. 21.75%, P < 0.001). The functions of upregulated genes in ALDHbr 4T1 tumor cells were enriched in the pathway of response to IFN-γ. The levels of plasma IFN-γ decreased gradually in tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, while the percentages of ALDHbr tumor cells in primary tumors increased. IFN-γ at a concentration of 26.68 ng/mL decreased the percentages of ALDHbr 4T1 tumor cells (22.88% vs. 9.88%, P < 0.050) and the protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 in 4T1 tumor cells (0.86 vs. 0.49, P < 0.050) and inhibited the abilities of sphere formation (sphere diameter <200 μm, 159.50 vs. 72.0; ≥200 μm, 127.0 vs. 59.0; both P < 0.050) and invasion (89.67 vs. 67.67, P < 0.001) of 4T1 tumor cells. CONCLUSION CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ decreased CSC numbers in a 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer. The application of IFN-γ may be a potential strategy for reducing CSCs in breast cancer.
Aldehydes ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

Objective: To introduce the application of free-style perforator flap based on aesthetic units to repair facial defect after tumor resection. Methods: By following the concept of free-style perforator flap and the principle of facial aesthetic unit, the design of a free-style perforator flap allowed over any nearby cutaneous vessel chosen purely on the characteristics of its Doppler signal. Conventional knowledge of anatomical landmarks and possible vascular variations were less relevant. A greater freedom in flap selection was gained to recover defect in different forms such as rotation flap, advanced flap and propeller flap, which were all based on free-style perforators. The flap size ranged from 1.5 cm×1.0 cm to 12.0 cm×6.0 cm with the perforator diameter of 0.3-3.0 mm in pedicle, and some of the pedicles are "perforator clusters" . Results: A total of 72 cases underwent surgery, and 68 cases survived completely with satisfactory appearance. 1 case healed two weeks later through dressing due to undesired healing, which result ed from high tension secondary postoperative blooding. 3 cases healed in a delay due to congestion and gained acupuncture treat. Conclusions The free-style perforator flap, which depended on Doppler-discerned perforator and facial aesthetic unit, represents safe, reliable and versatile for repairing facial defect after extended resection, and it not only offers a greater freedom in flap selection but also provides good aesthetic result.

Platinum-based chemotherapy resistance is a key factor of poor prognosis and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, RNAseq analysis revealed that elevated tubulin folding cofactor E (TBCE) expression is associated with platinum-based chemotherapy resistance. High expression of TBCE contributes to worse prognoses and earlier recurrence among liver cancer patients. Mechanistically, TBCE silencing significantly affects cytoskeleton rearrangement, which in turn increases cisplatin-induced cycle arrest and apoptosis. To develop these findings into potential therapeutic drugs, endosomal pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to simultaneously encapsulate TBCE siRNA and cisplatin (DDP) to reverse this phenomena. NPs (siTBCE + DDP) concurrently silenced TBCE expression, increased cell sensitivity to platinum treatment, and subsequently resulted in superior anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Taken together, NP-mediated delivery and the co-treatment of siTBCE + DDP proved to be effective in reversing chemotherapy resistance of DDP in multiple tumor models.