Objective To investigate the clinical features of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) and the clinical significance of plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) in HSPN.Methods The epidemiology and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in 84 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to March 2005.The changes of ET-1 were measured in 84 patients and 16 controls by using radioimmunologic assay.Results The age of onset in HSPN was 5-10 years and the corresponding patients occupied 90.6%.The majority of HSPN cases(80.32%) occurred from September to March of the second year.Infection was still the main occasion factor(40.57%),and the mistaken diagnosis at rate of 33.33% as acute gastricism and appendicitis when gastrointestinal sign appeared earlier than the typical purpura.The nephritic syndrome was the most constant clinical manifestation(47.63%).The pathological type of grade Ⅱ was 37.84%,grade Ⅲ 56.40%.The level of plasma ET-1 in patients was more higher than that of normal controls.The level of plasma ET-1 had a positive correlation with plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine(r=0.584,0.523,P

Twenty five serotypes of Bluetongue virus (BTV) have been identified worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bluetongue (BT). We have therefore developed and evaluated a pair of primers which can detect various serotypes of BTV by RT-PCR. Analysis of the viral protein 7 (VP7) and the non-structural protein (NS1) gene from different serotypes of BTV by DNAstar showed that the 5' end of the NS1 gene is the most conserved region. The primer pairs (P1 and P2) were designed based on the highly conserved region of NS1. The novel primers were evaluated by detecting BTV serotypes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 21 and 22. The specificity of the primers was estimated by comparing to gene sequences of viruses published in GenBank, and further assessed by detecting BTV serotype 1-12 and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 1-4. The sensitivity and repeatability of PCR with the novel primers were evaluated by successfully detecting the recombinant plasmid pGEM-T121 containing the diagnosed nucleotide sequence. Our results suggest that these unique primers can be used in high throughout and universal detection of the NS1 gene from various BTV serotypes.

Objective To discuss the correlation between the level of serum cystatin C and lipids in patients with system lupus erythematosus.Methods Used automatic biochemical analyzer to detect serum cystatin C (CysC),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and hsCRP levels in 136 cases of SLE patients and 113 cases of healthy people.Data obtained using SPSS13.0 software to carry on sta-tistical analysis.Results Outcome of SLE patients group compared with healthy controls,hsCRP (13.5 ± 4.85 mg/L vs 2.03±0.88 mg/L),CysC (2.63±1.95 mg/L vs 0.85±0.37 mg/L),LDL-C (3.06±1.21 mmol/L vs 2.33±0.41 mmol/L),TC (5.32±2.63 mmol/L vs 4.02±1.67 mmol/L)and TG (1.92±0.83 mmol/L vs 1.44±0.8 mmol/L)were signifi-cantly higher the difference between groups was statistically significant(t=2.45~12.4,P <0.05).Compared with healthy controls,HDL-C (1.12±0.31 mmol/L vs 1.52±0.85 mmol/L)was decreased (P <0.01).In SLE patients group,the ser-um CysC level and hsCRP,TC,TG and LDL-C were positively correlated,and the level of HDL-C was negative to the level of CysC.The health control group was no significant correlation.Conclusion Serum lipid levels of SLE patients were posi-tive to the level of CysC.Suggest that joint detection of SLE patients serum CysC and blood lipids index is helpful to the di-agnosis of SLE treatment and condition monitoring.

Objective To detect the activity of α1 antitrypsin(AAT) with initial velocity of enzymatic reaction in order to detect the activity of samples in the process of separating and purifying plasma protein ,chromogenic substrate assay was optimized.Methods The effect of trypsin concentration and reaction time on enzymatic reaction was acquired by the kinetic monitoring mode of the microplate reader .Initial velocity was calculated to confirm the largest concentration of trypsin which was saturated by substrate .AAT was incubated with trypsin and absorbance produced by enzymatic reaction of remaining trypsin and substrate could reflect the activity of AAT .A standard curve was established with △D fitting with the activity of AAT standard.The activity of related samples was detected and the precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated . Results Trypsin concentration was 0.0625 mg/ml.Within 20 minutes, enzymatic reaction was with initial velocity .The range of the standard curve was 200-1200 IU/ml.Correlation coefficient was more than 0.99.The activity of Cohn Ⅳ, samples of pre-processing and elution were (720.59 ±18.63), (601.84 ±19.18),and (568.09 ±24.83)IU/ml, respec-tively.The relative standard deviation was less than 10%. Sample recovery rate was 90%-110%.Conclusion The optimized chromogenic substrate assay greatly improves accuracy and precision .The method can be used for the detec-tion of AAT activity of samples in laboratories and workshops .

Plasma products are considered to be special medicinesderived from healthy human plasma .During 1980′s, events of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through plasma products were frequently reported .Since then, ensuring the viral safety of plasma products has raised great concerns all over the world .So far, with decades of effort , most countries in the world have established rigorous systems with preventive measures to ensure the viral safety of plasma prod -ucts.These measures include control of source plasma , validated inactivation/removal of infectious agents , the adherence to current good manufacturing practices .Nevertheless , new infectious agents which may be threats to viral safety require continuous studies on appropriate countermeasures .

Objective To predict the B cell line epitopes of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein (gB)by analyzing its structure and physicochemical properties using bioinformatics approaches .Methods Based on the sequence of the HCMV gB,the probable B cell epitopes are predicted using two online prediction programs and DNAstar software .Meanwhile,the tertiary structure of gB was constructed by homologous modeling with the assistance of SWISS -MODEL server to rule out im-possible B cell epitopes .Results and Conclusion The B cell line epitopes of gB are predicted , which provides a theoreti-cal basis for further verification of gB immunodominant epitopes and screening the source plasma with high HCMV IgG titer .

Objective To establish viral inactivation/removal techniques for blood products , and apply them to inacti-vation/removal process validation of blood products .Methods Enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses were propaga-ted.Viral inactivation/removal techniques for blood products ,including solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment, low pH incuba-tion, dry heat method, pasteurization,and nanofiltration, were established.The virus titer was evaluated using cytopathic effects ( CPE) and Spearman and Karber method .The viral inactivation/removal techniques were believed to be effective when LRV≥4.These techniques were used in viral inactivation /removal validation of blood products .Results Enveloped model viruses were inactivated through S/D treatment and the low pH incubation method .Enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses were inactivated through dry heat and pasteurization .Within a certain range of filtration capacity , PPV was removed through nanofiltration .Conclusion The established viral inactivation/removal techniques can be used in viral inactivation/removal process validation of blood products , which can improve viral safety of blood products .

Objective To establish a method for the isolation of Zika virus and to gather experi-ences for viral isolation. Methods Suckling mice at age 1-3 days were inoculated with serum samples posi-tive for Zika virus through intracranial injection. All mice were sacrificed 6 days after the injection. Viral nu-cleic acids were extracted from brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, skin and intestine tissue samples and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The supernatants of brain tissues positive for Zika virus were used for subculturing. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the NS5 gene of the isolated virus. The se-quences of NS5 gene were analyzed by using MEGA6. 0 software. Results All of the tissue samples were positive for Zika virus. Higher viral loads were detected in heart and brain tissue samples with cycle thresh-old (Ct) values of 24. 4 and 25. 3, respectively. The second generation of Zika virus was identified in suck-ling mice brain tissues 2 days after infection by using real-time RT-PCR. The amplified product of nested PCR was 972 bp in length. Sequencing analysis showed that the isolated Zika virus ( GDZ16002 strain) be-longed to the Asian lineage. Conclusion A strain of Zika virus was successfully isolated in China by using intracranial injection via a suckling mouse model. The isolated Zika virus belonged to the Asian lineage.

Objective To explore the effect of vaginal pressure feedback combined with pelvic floor muscle resistant training on stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods 125 women with SUI in our hospital from February, 2014 to May, 2015 were randomized into control group (n=65) and experimental group (n=60). The control group took Kegel exercise, which asked for patients to contract their pelvic floor muscles, while the experimental group first received biofeedback electrical stimulation for 20 minutes with XFT-2002 pelvic floor stimula-tor, then instructed the patients to contract their pelvic floor muscles and pressed the pneumatic probe which placed in vagina according to the voice navigation of XFT-0010 pelvic floor muscle stimulator after they learnt the contraction skill. Both groups received training with 10 seconds' contraction and 10 seconds' rest 30 minutes per day for 30 days in total. They were assessed by GRRUG and International Consulta-tion Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Results After treatment, the muscle strength of the pelvic floor (t=-3.570) and the scores of ICIQ (t=4.198) improved significantly in both groups (P<0.01), and was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=6.833, t=-2.445, P<0.01), as well as the therapeutic efficiency (Z=63.954, P<0.001). Conclusion Vaginal pressure feedback com-bined with pelvic floor muscle resistant training can further improve stress urinary incontinence in women.

Objective ToestimatetheprevalenceofPanton-Valentineleukocidin (PVL)genes and antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)isolateds from outpatients with skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs)in Wuhan city. Methods A total of 182 MSSA isolates were collected from outpatients with SSTIs in 5 different hospitals in Wuhan city between 2011 and 2013. The Kirby-Bauer′s disk diffusion method was used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of the MSSA isolates, and multiplex PCR was performed to detect mecA and PVL genes in these isolates. Results Of the 182 MSSA isolates, 65 (35.71%)carried PVL genes. The positive rate of PVL genes was significantly different among patients with different diseases (χ2 = 49.76, P = 0.00), and relatively higher in patients with furuncles/carbuncles(7/7), folliculitis(3/3), abscesses(55.53%, 30/57)or impetigo(2/4). The age of patients with PVL-positive MSSA infection was significantly younger than that with PVL-negative MSSA infection (35.40 ± 19.31 years vs. 43.21 ± 20.75 years,t = 2.50, P = 0.01). Among 65 PVL-positive MSSA isolates, the rate of resistance to clindamycin was highest (87.69%), followed by that to penicillin(53.85%)and erythromycin(41.54%). The frequency of resistance to clindamycin was highest in 117 PVL-negative MSSA isolates, followed by that to penicillin (20.51%)and ampicillin (12.82%). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the rate of resistance to penicillin(χ2 = 21.19), ampicillin(χ2 = 97.97), doxycycline(χ2 =11.61), ciprofloxacin(χ 2 = 8.07), erythromycin(χ 2 = 25.04)and gentamicin(χ 2 = 10.86)in PVL-positive MSSA isolates compared with PVL-negative MSSA isolates (all P < 0.05). Conclusions MSSA isolates from outpatients with SSTIs in Wuhan city are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics. Flucloxacillin, compound sulfamethoxazole tablets or doxycycline is recommended for empirical treatment of PVL-positive MSSA infections.