Objective To explore the design and application of psychological intervention paths for ascites type of advanced schistosomiasis patients. Methods A total of 156 ascites type of advanced schistosomiasis patients were divided into an inter?vention group and a control group with 78 cases each. A psychological intervention path table was designed in accordance with the psychological characteristics and demands of the advanced schistosomiasis patients. Five steps were used to guide the nurses involved to carry out the psychological intervention. Results Before the intervention there were no statistically significant dif?ferences all P>0.05 between two groups in SAS SDS WHOQOL?BRER scores but after the intervention all the evalua?tion indexes improved in the intervention group and there were statistically significant differences between the intervention group and control group in SAS SDS WHOQOL?BRER scores all P<0.05 . Conclusion The application of psychological inter?vention paths for ascites type of advanced schistosomiasis patients can improve their negative emotions and qualities of life.

Objective To explore the status of depression in patients with advanced schistosomiasis and its influencing fac-tors,so as to provide the evidence for improving psychological interventions. Methods A total of 206 patients with advanced schistosomiasis were investigated with the self-designed general information questionnaire,the Self-Rating Depression Scale,and WHOQOL-BREF Form. Results Among the 206 cases,the incidence of depression was 69.4%,and depression was negatively related to the quality of life(P = 0.000). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the times of hospitalization(β=0.442,P=0.007)was a risk factor for depression,while the high education levels(β=-0.583,P=0.011)and the history of por-tal hypertension operation(β=-0.917,P=0.000)were the protective factors. Conclusion The incidence of depression in ad-vanced schistosomiasis patients is high,and it is influenced by various factors. Therefore,we should take corresponding interven-tions to reduce its occurrence.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different temperature management strategies on blood-brain barrier (BBB) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the patients undergoing spinal fixation surgery.Methods:Ninety-six patients, aged 44-78 yr, weighing 45-104 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing spinal fixation surgery with combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia, were divided into 3 groups ( n=32 each) by the simple randomization: warming blood transfusion and infusion group (group WBI), active warming group (group AW) and active warming plus selective brain cooling group (group SBC). In WBI group, the fluid for intraoperative intravenous infusion was warmed to 37 ℃ using a medical blood transfusion-infusion warmer.In AW group, warming was maintained using the fluid warming combined with the body surface warming blanket until the end of operation, and the target temperature of the warming blanket was set at 38 ℃.In SBC group, the warming protocol were similar to those previously described in AW group, and selective brain cooling was performed through an electronic ice cap with a set temperature of 4 ℃.Blood samples were collected from the median cubital vein at the end of operation, brain microvascular endothelial cells were isolated and identified by immunomagnetic bead, and the target cells were counted with a fluorescence microscope.The concentration of C-reactive protein in peripheral blood was measured by rate nephelometry on the first day after operation.The extubation time, length of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, total length of hospital stay, thermal comfortableness score, shivering in PACU, agitation and postoperative fever were recorded.The postoperative recovery was assessed using the 40-item Quality-of-Recovery scale on 7th day after surgery. Results:Compared with WBI group, the incidence of POCD and shivering in PACU, extubation time, length of PACU stay, and serum C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly decreased, and thermal comfortableness score and 40-item Quality-of Recovery scale score were increased in AW group and SBC group ( P<0.05). Compared with AW group, the count of brain microvascular endothelial cells was significantly decreased in SBC group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Active warming produces no damage to the structure of BBB, and can reduce the development of POCD; active warming combined with selective brain cooling can improve the structural integrity of BBB, but it cannot reduce the development of POCD in the patients undergoing spinal fixation surgery.

Objective To select and evaluate the diluents for quantitative detection of HBV DNA of high loads sample,hope to find the most applicable diluents which could be used in clinical test.Methods The standard substance(2.00 × 109IU/ml)was 10 and 100 times diluted by different diluents,compare the result of test,and the bias was analysis taking negative quality control as standard diluents,negative serum,physiological saline,and distilled water as candidate diluents.Results When 10 times diluted,there was no statistically difference between the standard diluents and distilled water as diluents(t =2.04,P ＞ 0.05),the bias were less than the TEa regulated by professional standard.When used negative serum and physiological saline as diluents,the results were higher than that of standard diluents (P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of the bias higher than the TEa was 16.67％ and 20.00％.When 100 times diluted,the results of candidate diluents were higher than that of standard diluents.In this time,the result of distilled water diluted detection presented a good linear relationship with the result of standard diluted detection,the formula was Y =0.963X + 0.267 (Y =result of standard diluted detection,X =result of distilled water diluted detection).All the bias were less than the TEa,the sequence of bias sort by ascending counts were negative quality control,distilled water,physiological saline and negative serum.Conclusions The most applicable diluents were negative quality control and distilled water with 10 times dilution.When 100 times diluted was used,the most applicable diluents was negative quality control,then was distilled water,physiological saline and negative serum.If using the distilled water to dilute,we could corrected the result by the formula Y =0.963X + 0.267 to ensure the result to be more exactly.

Objective: To explore the occurrence of cognitive impairment in Chinese heart failure (HF) patients and it's impact on prognosis. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 990 HF patients were enrolled from 24 hospitals in China during December 2012 to November 2014. All patients were administrated with the interview-format Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), according to which they were divided into MoCA<26 (with cognitive impairment) group and MoCA≥26 (without cognitive impairment) group. Baseline data were collected and a 1-year follow up was carried out. Univariate and multivariate logistic or Cox regression were performed for 1-year outcomes. Results: Cognitive impairment was evidenced in 628 patients (63.4%) and they were more likely to be older, female, and with higher proportion of New York Heart Association(NYHA) class Ⅲ-Ⅳ, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischemic heart disease, while body mass index (BMI), education level, and medical insurance rate were lower (all P<0.05) as compared to patients in MoCA≥26 group. The rate of percutaneous intervention, device implantation, cardiac surgery and evidence-based medications were significantly lower in MoCA<26 group than in MoCA≥26 group (all P<0.05). During the 1-year follow up, patients in the MoCA<26 group had higher all-cause mortality (10.2%(64/628) vs. 2.2%(8/362), P<0.01), cardiovascular mortality (5.9%(37/628) vs. 0.8%(3/362), P<0.01) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (9.6%(60/628) vs. 2.5%(8/362), P<0.01) than patients in the MoCA≥26 group. In univariate regression, MoCA<26 was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR(95%CI):4.739(2.272-9.885), P<0.01), cardiovascular mortality (HR(95%CI):7.258(2.237-23.548), P=0.001) and MACCE (OR(95%CI):4.143(2.031-8.453), P<0.01). After adjustment by multivariate regression, MoCA<26 was indicated as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR(95%CI): 6.387(2.533-16.104), P<0.01), cardiovascular mortality (HR(95%CI): 10.848(2.586-45.506), P=0.001) and MACCE (OR(95%CI): 4.081(1.299-12.816), P=0.016), while not for re-hospitalization for HF (OR(95%CI):1.010(0.700-1.457), P=0.957). Conclusions Cognitive impairment is common in HF patients,and it is an independent prognostic factor for 1-year outcomes. Routine cognitive function assessment and active intervention are thus recommended for HF patients.

Objective:To study the clinical effects of QingxinWendan decoction in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) manic episode.Methods:60 patients with BD manic episode treated in Hunan Brain Hospital from February 2020 to December 2020 were prospectively selected. They were included in the control group and the observation group according to the random alphabet method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets, and the observation group was treated with Qingxin Wendan decoction combined with magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets. The curative effect was evaluated after 4 weeks of continuous treatment. The degree of mania before and after treatment was evaluated by Beck-Rafaelsen mania scale (BRMS); the cognitive function before and after treatment was evaluated by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS); The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and amyloid β protein (Aβ) levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum NSE and Aβ levels and WAIS-RC and WMS scores in the two groups.Results:The curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). After treatment, the BRMS scores of the control group and the observation group decreased (all P<0.05), and the BRMS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05); After treatment, the WAIS-RC and WMS scores of the control group and the observation group increased (all P<0.05), and the WAIS-RC and WMS scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NSE and Aβ in two groups were decreased (all P<0.05), and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NSE and Aβ in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). NSE and Aβ levels were negatively correlated with WAIS-RC and WMS scores (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets combined with Qingxin Wendan decoction in the treatment of patients with BD manic episode were superior to magnesium valproate sustained-release tablets alone in reducing manic score, IL-1β, TNF-α, NSE and Aβ levels, and improving the cognitive function of patients. The use of QingxinWendan decoction on top of valproate extended-release tablet treatment for BD manic episode was superior to treatment with valproate extended-release tablets alone in reducing mania scores, IL-1β, TNF-α, NSE and Aβ levels, as well as improving patients' cognitive function.

Objective This retrospective study is performed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalized in Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital during the latest 7 years.Methods This retrospective study included a cohort of 368 infective endocarditis patients hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital form August 2005 to August 2012.Predisposing cardiac diseases,causative organisms,clinical features and outcomes were analyzed.Risk factors related to outcome including NYHA classes,causative organisms and complications,were evaluated.Results Among the IE patients,6.8％ (25/368) patients had rheumatic heart diseases 31.8％ (117/368) had congenital heart diseases,22.8％ (84/368) were post-PCI or operative endocarditis and IE developed in 14.1％ (52/368) patients without previous cardiac diseases.Blood culture positive rate was 46.2％ (170/368).Streptococci viridians [27.6％ (47/170)]were the most common causative organisms,followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci [15.9％ (27/170)].Fever and cardiac murmur were the most common clinical presentations.Congestive heart failure was the most common complication [87.8％ (323/368)].Systemic and pulmonary embolism occurred in 16.0％ patients,80.9％ IE was detected by echocardiography.In-hospital mortality rate was 6.7％,mostly due to refractory congestive heart failure and sepsis.Subgroup analysis showed that incidence of post-PCI or operative endocarditis was significantly higher in IE patients hospitalized after 2009 compared to IE patients hospitalized before 2009 (27.5％ vs.19.2％,P ＜ 0.05).Higher incidence of staphylococcal infection was evidenced in mechanical valves than in native valves(44.4％ vs.19.8％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion During the past decade,there is a significant change on epidemiology and clinical features of IE in China.Incidence of post-surgical and interventional IE increased significantly.Staphylococcal and Gram negative bacilli infection are major pathorganisms of endocarditis of mechanical valves.Due to the lower positive rate of blood culture,echocardiography serves as the most important diagnostic tool for infective endocarditis.

Objectives:To understand the differences in clinical characteristics, treatment status, and prognosis between outpatient and inpatient heart failure patients in the real world.Methods:A prospective, multicenter registration study was conducted to select 972 outpatient or inpatient heart failure patients from 24 different regions and levels of hospitals in China from December 2012 to November 2014. Demographic and clinical data, as well as treatment status, were collected and followed up at 1 year. The difference in medication treatment status between baseline and 1-year follow-up was compared using McNemar paired χ 2 test. Pearson χ 2 test was used to compare the differences in clinical data, treatment status, and outcomes between outpatient and inpatient patients. Results:There were 610 outpatient patients (62.8%), and the proportion of outpatient patients under 65 years old was higher than that of hospitalized patients [44.9%(274/610) vs 35.1%(127/362), P<0.05]. The proportion of NYHA grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ patients was as high as 50.8%(310/610), and 92.5%(564/610) of outpatient patients had difficulty breathing while walking uphill. 27.9%(170/610) of outpatient patients had jugular vein pressure greater than 6 cmH 2O, and 24.3%(148/610) of outpatient patients had pulmonary moist rales. There was no significant difference in the main causes of heart failure between outpatient and inpatient patients ( P=0.063), with ischemic cardiomyopathy being the main cause. At baseline, the use of beta blockers in outpatient patients was higher than that in hospitalized patients [63.0%(384/610) vs 54.4%(197/362), P<0.05], while the use of diuretics and aldosterone receptor antagonists was lower than that in hospitalized patients [53.1%(324/610) vs 72.1%(261/362), 49.5%(302/610) vs 61.3%(222/362), P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of ACEI/ARB between the two groups [67.4%(411/610) vs 62.4%(226/362), P>0.05]. At one-year follow-up, the use of ACEI/ARB in outpatient patients decreased [63.5%(360/567) vs 67.4%(411/610), P<0.05], the usage rate of aldosterone receptor antagonists in hospitalized patients decreased by [50.3%(165/328) vs 61.3%(222/362), P<0.05]. The one-year all-cause mortality rate of the two groups of patients was close to [6.7%(41/610) vs 9.4%(34/362), P=0.124], The hospitalization rate for heart failure in the outpatient group was lower than that of hospitalized patients [25.4%(155/610) vs 36.5%(132/362), P<0.05], but still>25.0%. Conclusions:Outpatient heart failure patients still have obvious symptoms and signs, and the prognosis is poor. The standardized management of outpatient heart failure patients cannot be ignored.

Objective:To validate and compare the value of the Status Epilepticus in Pediatric Severity Score (STEPSS) versus PEDSS in assessing the short-term prognosis of children with status epilepticus (SE).Methods:Clinical data of 152 children with SE hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the STEPSS and PEDSS scores, children with SE were scored and their prognosis was predicted.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the 2 scales in assessing the short-term prognosis of SE in children were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC), optimal cut-off, sensitivity and specificity were calculated, thus validating and comparing the value of the STEPSS versus PEDSS in assessing the short-term prognosis of children with SE.Results:Of the 152 children with SE, 90 were male and 62 were female, with the age of (5.8±3.9) years (1 month to 15 years). There were 112 cases with good prognosis and 40 cases with poor prognosis, involving 13 deaths.The AUC of STEPSS and PEDSS scores in predicting the death in children with SE were 0.908(95% CI: 0.848-0.967) and 0.887(95% CI: 0.831-0.942), respectively, both with the optimal cut-off value of 4.The sensitivity of STEPSS and PEDSS scores in predicting the death in children with SE were 0.740 and 0.846, respectively, and the specificity were 0.745 and 0.835, respectively.There was no significant difference in predicting the death in children with SE between the 2 scales ( P>0.05). In predicting adverse outcomes, the AUC of the STEPSS and PEDSS scores were 0.869(95% CI: 0.800-0.937) and 0.926(95% CI: 0.873-0.979), respectively, both with the optimal cut-off value of 3.The sensitivity of STEPSS and PEDSS scores in predicting adverse outcomes in children with SE were 0.827 and 0.900, respectively, and the specificity were 0.732 and 0.866, respectively.There was significant difference in predicting the adverse outcomes in children with SE between the 2 scales ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the STEPSS, the PEDSS has a higher application in predicting the short-term treatment outcome of children with SE, which can be used as a routine method to assess the prognosis of children with SE.

Objective To assess and compare the incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of acute heart failure patients from different grades hospitals in Beijing.Methods In this prospective internet prognosis registered study (Beijing AHF Registry),a total of 3 335 consecutive patients admitted to 14 emergency departments in Beijing from January 1st 2011 to September 23rd 2012 were enrolled.According to hospital grade,these patients were divided into two groups,349 patients were from secondary hospitals,and 2 956 patients were from tertiary hospitals.Results Among the 3 335 patients,the medium age was 71 (58,79) years,and male accounted for 53.16％.The most common underlying disease were coronary disease (43.27％),hypertension (17.73％),cardiomyopathy (16.07％) etc.The average treatment time in Emergency Department was 66.82 h.The emergency department mortality rate was 3.81％ (127 cases).The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause mortality were 15.3％ and 32.27％,respectively.The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause readmission were 15.64％ and 46.89％,respectively.Compared with patients in tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals had more onset acute heart failure patients (63.64％ vs.49.93％),shorter emergency department treatment time (12 h vs.41 h),lower discharge rate (3.43％ vs.37.45％) and emergency department mortality(1.58％ vs.4.09％).Compared with those in tertiary hospitals,1-year cumulative all-cause mortality (25.6％ vs.33.2％),cardiovascular disease mortality (20.2％ vs.26.0％),aggravated heart failure mortality (22.4％ vs.28.8％) were lower in secondary hospitals.Following propensity score matching,compared to tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals showed lower utilization rate of beta-blockers and ACEFARB (4.51％ vs.28.17％,1.41％ vs.9.58％),except the pironolactone.Conclusion Acute heart failure in emergency department is associated with a high mortality rate and readmission rate.There is still a big gap between guidelines recommend medication current treatments for acute heart failure.