Objective To analyze the clinical utility of TCM decoction pieces for reinforcing deficiency in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (hereinafter referred to as our hospital).Methods By using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 software, use frequency, classifications of pharmacological actions and doses of the TCM decoction pieces for reinforcing deficiency from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed.Results From 2013 to 2015, some TCM decoction pieces for reinforcing deficiency showed relatively high use frequency in our hospital (>30%). In top 15 TCM decoction pieces for reinforcing deficiency, the amounts of medicine for tonifying qi were more than 40%, whose average doses exceeded the upper limit of pharmacopoeia dosage reaching 30%. The total over-use rate of TCM decoction pieces for reinforcing deficiency>50% and the not exceeded part accounted for 36.0%.Conclusion It is suggested that the use of TCM decoction pieces should be careful differentiation of symptoms, and the dose should also meet the specifications.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic influence of zanthoxylum seed oilA2(ZSOA2) on NF-?B signaling pathway and inflammatory factor in pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice.METHODS: The suspensoid(0.2 mL containing 20% albumin hydroxide and 10% ovalbumin) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to sensitize the BALB/c mice on day 1,then 0.4% ovalbumin solution(50 ?L in phosphate buffer fluid) was dripped into the respiratory tract through nasal cavity to establish the asthmatic mouse model.After dripped ovalbumin for 24 h,48 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d,the mice were killed at specified time points.The contents of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5) and interferon-?(IFN-?) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed with HE staining.The inflammatory cell counts were conducted by Eosin staining.The protein levels of adhesion molecule and the molecules of NF-?B signaling pathway in lung tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: In ZSOA2 treated mice,the pathological injury of the lung was significantly attenuated as compared to the model mice,the counts of eosinophils and lymphocytes were reduced obviously in lung bronchial area of asthmatic mice at all observed time points(P

AIM:To investigate the effect of hepatic oval cells (HOCs) on the protein expression of TGF-?/Smad signaling pathway in the liver tissue of hepatic fibrosis rats.METHODS:The SD rat models of liver fibrosis were made by treating with carbon tetrachloride and combined factors.The HOCs was isolated from the model rats.HOCs suspension (0.5 mL at a density of 1 ? 1012cells/L) were transplanted via portal vein into the hepatic fibrosis rats at 8th week and observed continuously for 30 days.Meanwhile,WuLing capsules were used for positive control.The blood samples were collected through trail vein at 8th day,15th day,23th day and 30th day after transplantation of HOCs.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alamine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were determined by enzyme method.The morphological changes of hepatic tissues were observed under microscope with HE and Musson staining.The protein levels of collagen type I (Col-Ⅰ),extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK),phosphory-lation extracellular regulatedprotein kinases (p-ERK),TGF-? receptor type Ⅰ (T?RⅠ),TGF-? receptor type Ⅱ (T?RⅡ),mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 /3 (Smad 2 /3) and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad 7) were assessed in liver tissues by Western blotting.RESULTS:In HOCs and WuLing capsules treated groups,the levels of ALT and AST decreased significantly at 15th day,23th day and 30th day after the transplantation of HOC.The damage degree of hepatic fiber hyperplasia of the liver histological structure reduced notably.The expression levels of Col-Ⅰ,ERK,p-ERK,T?RⅠ and T?RⅡ in liver tissues of hepatic fibrosis rats were down-regulated obviously while the expression of Smad 7 increased significantly.CONCLUSION:The implantation of HOCs prevents the progress of liver fibrosis in rats.The mechanism of action is to inhibit the protein expression of p-ERK,T?RⅠ,T?R Ⅱ for TGF-?/Smad signaling pathway of liver tissue.

Objective To understand the clinic usage of TCM decoction pieces in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (hereinafter referred to as our hospital).Methods By using Microsoft Office Excel software, the medicine doses, classification of functions and clinic application of the TCM decoction pieces, which were among the top 50 most frequently used TCM decoction pieces were analyzed.Results In 2014, 60% of the top 50 most frequently used TCM decoction pieces in our hospital exceed the medicine dosage inChinese Pharmacopoeia. According to the functions, the top 3 TCM decoction pieces were medicine for reinforcing deficiency, clearing heat and promoting qi, respectively. Medicine for reinforcing deficiency was mainly used in gastroenteropathy, menopathy and nephropathy. Medicine for clearing heat was mainly used in gastroenteropathy, menopathy and infection of the upper respiratory tract. Medicine for promoting qi was mainly used in gastroenteropathy, tumor and disease of cardiovascular system.Conclusion TCM decoction pieces in our hospital exceed the medicine dosage in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which requires attention. The top 3 TCM decoction pieces are respectively medicine for reinforcing deficiency, clearing heat and promoting qi, whose clinic applications are basically rational.

Death with dignity is now not legislation in our country .This paper mainly discussed about some barriers to the legalization of death with dignity in China , from the viewpoint of Chinese traditional ideas , the lack of death education , risk of abusing , the subject change of the informed consent right , doctor-patient communica-tion and trust lsot and so on .It is proposed that our country should perfect the medical security system , strengthen the education of death at the same time and help the citizen set up the view of science .Outside, still need to fur-ther deepen the reform of medical system in our country , the maintaining patient ’ s autonomy and right of choosing , protect the informed consent right of patients .Create the doctor-patient relationship of mutual trust .

Objective To clone, express, and identify chlamydial GPIC capsid Vpl gene and pro- tein. Methods The complete sequence of Vp1 gene from?CPG1 phage was amplified. The amplicor was cut by restriction endonuclease, linked to plasmid vector, and transformed into E. coli.The expressed pro- tein of recombinant Vp1 was purified and identified. Results The recombinant 1 661 bp gene was se- quenced and proved to be?CPG1 Vp1 by searching Genebank. A 62 kDa capsid protein was expressed and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Conclusion The recombinant Vp1 seems to be a highly con- served and specific marker for chlamydial phage.

Objective To construct a cDNA expression library from unfed female tick Haemaphysalis longicornis for screening and cloning potential antigenic genes.Methods Total RNA was isolated from unfed female ticks,mRNA was purified and a library of oligo(dT)-primed cDNA with added directional EcoR Ⅰ/Hind Ⅲ linkers was constructed from the purified mRNA.The constructed cDNA was ligated to the EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ arms of the ?SCREEN vector.Pure phage stocks were harvested by plaque purification and converted to plasmid subclones by plating phage on host strain BM25.8.Recombinant plasmids that were subcloned to E.coli BM25.8 were isolated and transformed into E.coli JM109.Recombinant plasmids abstracted from JM109 were identified by PCR and sequencing.Rusults The recombinant phage DNA was packaged by using phage-marker packaging extracts,resulting in a primary cDNA library with a size of 1.8?106 pfu.Data showed 100% of the library were recombinant and the titer of the amplified library was 2.4?109 pfu/ml.Forty-two clones of encoding immunodominant antigens were obtained from the cDNA library.Sequence analysis revealed 12 unique cDNA sequences and the encoded putative proteins showed similarities to H.longicornis tropomyosin mRNA,Rhipicephalus annulatus unknown larval protein mRNA,chromosome 2R of Drosophila melanogaster,mitochondrial DNA of H.flava,clones HqL09 unkown mRNA and Hq05 mRNA of H.qinghaiensis,and myosin alkali light chain protein mRNA.Conclusion The cDNA expression library from unfed female H.longicornis was successfully constructed and screening of protective genes may provide candidate antigens of the tick.

OBJECTIVETo study the processing principles of different processed products of Aconitum pendulum.

METHODUsing high performance liquid chromatography and acute toxicity test to compare the changes in chemical composition and toxicity of the roots and processed products of A. pendulum.

RESULTThe main toxic components of the roots of A. pendulum were aconitine, deoxyaconitine and 3-acetylaconitine. The contents of these three alkaloids were significantly reduced in processed products, while benzoylaconitine significantly increased. In addition, processed products emerged aconine, polyschistine-D, beyzoyldeoxyaconine, 16-epi-pyroaconitine and 16-epi-pyrodeoxyaconitine. From the structural analysis, these new emerged compounds transformed from the aconitine, deoxyaconitine and 3-acetylaconitine.

CONCLUSIONDifferent processing methods can reduce the toxicity of the roots of A. pendulum. Processing principle is ester hydrolysis and high-temperature pyrolysis.

Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mice

Aim To investigate the possible mecha-nisms of the levels of NO decrease induced apoptosis in human placental trophoblast cells. Methods Human placental trophoblast cells ( HTR-8 ) were cultured in 5 ml DMEM-F12 culture medium with 37℃ 5% CO2 . Then, the old culture medium was discarded and re-placed with 10,100,500,1 000 μmol·L-1 L-NAME, and the group without L-NAME was set as the control group, cultured for 48h. The effects of L-NAME on the survival of cells were detected by methylthiazolyldiphe-nyl tetrazolium bromide ( MTT); the content of NO in cells was tested by nitrate reductive enzymatic;trans-mission electron microscopy, flow cytometry analysis and Annexin-V FITC dyeing were used to test the effects of L-NAME on apoptosis in HTR-8 cells;restore Fe3+ colorimetric assay was applied for detection of to-tal antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) , xanthine oxidase for detection of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity, and thiobarbituric acid colorimetry for determination of content of MDA. Results Compared with the control group, the survival rate of HTR-8 cells and the levels of NO in 100,500,1 000 μmol·L-1 L-NAME group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01). Flow analysis and Annexin-V FITC staining showed that L-NAME could induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The number of cell apoptosis was negatively correlated with the content of NO ( r = -0.5210 ) in HTR-8 cells. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that compared with the control group, the ex-perimental group's cell nucleus shape was irregular, nuclear pyknosis in irregular shape, the chromatin ag-glutination or side the collection, mitochondrial swell-ing or enrichment, crest fracture or dissolved, even vanished, forming the vacuole, especially in 100 μmol ·L-1 L-NAME group, the apoptotic bodies obviously appeared. At the same time, T-AOC, SOD levels in HTR-8 cells decreased ( P <0.05 ) , and the MDA content increased ( P<0.05 ) . The number of cell ap-optosis was negatively correlated with the level of T-AOC ( r= -0.3212 ) , SOD ( r= -0.2779 ) in HTR-8 cells , while positively correlated with the content of MDA(r=0.2807). Conclusion Oxidative stress may play an important role in the levels of NO decrease in-duced apoptosis in human placental trophoblast cells.

Objective To investigate the changes of content or activity of Nrf2 and anti-oxidative stress-related factors in rat models of traumatic brain injury,and explore the mechanisms of protective effect of curcumin on brain damage and oxidative stress in rats. Methods Twenty healthy SPF male SD rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group, brain injury model group(TBI group),brain injury and solvent-treated group(TBI+S group),brain injury and curcumin-treated group(TBI+C group),5 rats ineach group. The control group received only saline and anesthesia. The TBI,TBI+S and TBI+C groups were given free falling body brain injury modeling device to establish the models and then received curcumin(5 mg/kg), an equal amount of DMSO solvent(0.05%)and an equal amount of physiological saline, respectively. The rats were sacrificed at the next day and the RNA and proteins of brain tissues were extracted. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2. Chemocolorimetry was used to detect the content or activity of MDA, GSH, CAT and SOD in the brain tissues of rats. ELISA was used to detect the contents of iNOS and HO-1. Results Compared with the control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2, the content of MDA,the activity of HO-1 and iNOS were significantly increased,the content of GSH, the activity of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased in the TBI group and TBI+S group,with a significant difference(P< 0.05). Compared with the TBI and TBI+S groups,the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2,the content of MDA,the activities of HO-1 and iNOS were significantly decreased,the content of GSH,the activity of SOD and CAT were significantly increased in the TBI+C group,showing a sigfnificant difference(P< 0.05),but there were no significant differences between the TBI group and TBI+S group(P< 0.05). Conclusions Curcumin has an anti-oxidative stress effect on rats with brain injury. It can reduce the expression of Nrf2,change the anti-oxidant stress-related indicators,therefore to protect the TBI-impaired brain tissues.