Objective To analyse the mutation of pathogenic gene TSC2 in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Methods Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP), all the 41 exons of TSC2 gene were analyzed in 4 TSC cases(include 1 suspect case) from one family and 1 sporadic TSC case ,and compared with the kin familial controls and kinless normal controls. Results Missense mutation on exon33 1346S→P (4037T→C) of TSC2 was found in 4 familial cases, and no mutation of TSC2 gene was found in the sporadic case and all the health controls. Conclusion Missense mutation on exon33 (1346S→P,4037T→C)is a new discovery in TSC2 gene of patients with TSC.

Objective To evaluate the effect of injection duration on bruising and pain after the subcutaneous injection of heparin.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials,quasi-randomized controlled trials about subcutaneous heparin injection duration of ≥30 s and ≤ 10 s were searched in the databases of CNKI,CBM,VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,PubMed,Highwire,ScienceDirect,Chinese Cochrane Library,Wanfang database and Google.The quality of RCTs was assessed and Metaanalysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 Software.Results Twelve RCTs involving 1 986 injections were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that:There was significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of bruising.The injection duration of 30 s was much better to prevent bruising.Statistical differences existed in pain intensity between the two groups.Conclusions Prolonging the injection duration to 30 s may reduce the occurrence of subcutaneous bruising.There is no enough evidence to draw a conclusion on pain intensity.Adequately,the current study is limited to a small sample,powered and high quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to be conducted.

Objective To investigate the effects of early core muscles and manual respiratory function training on stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods From June, 2015 to January, 2016, 60 stroke patients with dysphagia were divided equally into control group and obser-vation group randomly. Both groups accepted routine swallowing function training, electrical stimulation and respiratory function training, while the observation group accepted core muscles training and manual respiratory function training, for four weeks. They were evaluated with Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV) and the maximum ex-piratory time before and after treatment. Results All the indices improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.001), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Core muscles and manual respiratory function training at early stage can obviously improve swallowing and respiratory function of stroke patients with dysphagia.

Objective:To study the effect of Mg 2+ on glutamate and energy metabolites during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups(n=6):magnesium sulfate(100 mg/kg, i.p.) group and saline group.Cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery with a nylon thread for 60 min and followed by 60 min reperfusion.Microdialysis probes were stereotaxically implanted into the cortex; dialysates were collected every 15 min to determine the concentrations of glucose, lactic acid and glutamate. Results: There was a dynamic decrease of glucose and an increase of lactic acid and glutamate during ischemia and reperfusion in saline group.Glucose decreased slightly in magnesium sulfate group during ischemia and recovered to normal rapidly during reperfusion. The lactic acid levels in magnesium sulfate group were lower than that in saline group during early stage of ischemia(0-15 min) and reperfusion.There were significant attenuation in the elevation of glutamate during ischemia and reperfusion when magnesium sulfate was administered and recovered to normal after 30 min of reperfusion. Conclusion: The preservation of cellular energy metabolism,the decrease of lactacidosis and attenuation of glutamate level during ischemia and reperfusion may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of Mg 2+ .

Modern medical staff are facing the challenge to survive in competitions and develop through cooperation.Thus it is of great importance for the future medical staff,that is,medical students to cultivate and enhance their teamwork for future demand.Cultivating approaches mainly include creating a collaborative environment,carrying out cooperative scientific research,creating teamwork in the curriculum,and launching community service activities.

The clinical thought is the core and the foundation of clinical ability.The logical teaching strengthens the students'clinical thought most directly and effectively.Through the thought training,the inference thought training and the basic thought rule training the medical students' clinical thought ability can be effectively strengthened.

Background Corneal confocal microscopy can denamically offer the morphological image of corneal cells at cellular level.To find out the dynamic change of corneal thickness and morphology of corneal cells with aging is very important for the design of corneal refractive surgery.ObjectivePresent study is to find out the important relevance of dynamic change of corneal thickness and morphology of corneal cells with aging and the design of corneal refractive surgery and investigate the influence of age on central corneal tissue and characterize precisely the anatomy of cornea by in vivo confocal microscopy.Methods122 eyes of 122 normal subjects were enrolled in this study with the age from 18 through 80 years old.The subjects were diagnosed as emmetropia in the Center of Tianjin Medical University from August 2003 to December 2007.All eyes were examined in vivo by confocal microscopy.The cell morphology,cell density and corneal thickness were measured by confocal microscopy.The relationship of central corneal tissue change and age was evaluated.ResultsThe density of corneal superficial basement epithelial cells showed a significantly negative correlation with age (r=-0.355,P=0.017).The keratocyte density in the anterior and posterior stroma indicated a significantly negative correlation with age (r_1=-0.462,P=0.001;r_2=-0.403,P=0.016).The thickness of corneal epithelium cells had a significantly negative correlation with age (P=0.02).The mean value of total corneal thickness and stromal thickness in high myopic eyes was (523.2±26.20)μm and (468.4±20.72)μm respectively,presenting a significantly negative correlation with age (r_1=-0.552,P=0.014;r_2=-0.545,P=0.035).A significantly negative correlation was also found in endothelial cell areas and density with age (r_1=0.417,P=0.004;r_2=-0.598,P=0.002).The percentage of polymorphological corneal endothelial cells was considerably increased(r=0.417,P=0.004)but that of pleomorphism cells was significantly decreased in >60-year-old population compared with younger subjects (r=-0.598,P=0.002).The morphology of corneal basement cell,anterior stroma cytocyte and endothelial cell were normal in younger subjects,and enlargement of the cells in size,decreases of number and density of the cells were found in >60-year-old subject.ConclusionThe anatomy and histology of the central cornea in young subjects exist discrepancy from older ones.The corneal hisological changes with aging include thinner thickness of epithelium,thinner thickness of cornea,decreased density of keratocyte and endothelial cells and increased size of endothelial cells.Corneal thickness is asymmetric and seems to undergo age-related anatomic changes.

Objective: To study the effect of zinc deficiency on the growth and concentrations of related hormones in serum of pregnant rats. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to zinc deficiency(ZD),pair-fed(PF),zinc supplement(ZS) and control(Cont) group and fed for 21 days with zinc deficient(0.7 mg/kg)diet(ZD rats)or a similar diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg.The growth of pregnant rats was observed and the concentrations of triiodothyronine(T 3),thyroxine(T 4),thyrotropin(TSH) and growth hormone(GH) in serum of rats were determined with radioimmunoassay. Results: The ZD rats didn't gain weight.The birth weight of fetuses in ZD group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P

Objective To assess the efficacy of itopride on treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) overlapping constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS). Methods Patients who met criteria for FD and FD overlapping C-IBS were randomly assigned into FD treatment group (group A), FD control group (group B), FD overlapping C-IBS treatment group (group C) and FD overlapping C-IBS control group (group D). The patients in group A and group C received 100 mg of itopride 3 times daily for 8 weeks. Dyspeptic symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety and constipation, were evaluated before and after treatment. Ultrasonic monitoring of gastric emptying function was performed in group A and group C before and two weeks after treatment.ResultsThe symptoms of FD were relieved in both group A and group C (P<0.05), while better results were shown in group C. The significant improvement of constipation was seen in group A and group C. Besides, after medication, gastric emptying was improved in group A and group C in comparison with group B and group D. Conclusion Itopride is an effective therapeutic option in the treatmentping of patients with overlapping of FD and C-IBS.

Objective To study on the changes of the DNT cells and T lymphocyte subtype in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and its clinical significance.Methods The flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detected the DNT cells and other T lymphocyte subtype in 48 cases of IM.Results The study showed that DNT cells( 9.39 ± 4.89 )% were greatly increased in comparison with normal controls (NC) (4.26 ± 1.68)% ( P ＜0.01 ).CD4 cells(21.45 ±9.87)% were decreased ( P ＜0.01 ) and CD8 cells increased in comparison with NC (32.43 ± 5.07) % ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion DNT cells and T lymphocyte subtype can be used to evaluate the immune function of children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and provide guidance for adoptive immunotherapy.