BACKGROUND: The morbidity of diabetes mellitus increased recently.There are few reports about the pulmonary function status of the patients with diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To comparably observe the difference of the pulmonary function status between patients with diabetes mellitus and normal persons,and to probe into the relationship between the course of disease of diabetes mellitus and the functional change of pulmonary function.DESIGN: Case controlled observation SETTING: Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 90 patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University between January 2000 and De cember 2003 were recruited. All the patients participated in the experiment voluntarily. Totally 20 cases were of insulin dependent diabetes mellitns (IDDM) and 70 cases were of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Another 90 cases were divided into 2 groups with the boundary line of 10 years: group with disease course ＜10 years (n=40) and group with disease course ＞10 years (n=50). And 30 normal persons with healthy pulmonary function was set as healthy control group, all the testees were voluntary participants in the experiment.METHODS: Pulmonary function index of the participants of each group was measured: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and comparison was performed between them.Comparison of the pulmonary function status of the patients between different levels of diabetes mellitus.pulmonary function between different groups : Compared with health control group, VC , FVC and MVV of the patients with diabetes mellitus was significantly decreased (t=1.999-2.301, P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the VC, FVC and MVV between patients with monary function between patients with different diabetes mellitus: the pulmonary function status in the group with disease course ＞10 years was improved less than that in the group with disease course ＜10 years [ VC (L):2.62±0.65 vs 3.25±1.25;FVC(L): 2.40±0.52 vs 3.21±0.98;FEV1%:75.31±2.31 vs 80.63±5.56;PEFR (L/s):4.33±0.68 vs 5.98±1.02;MVV (L/s): 76.22±6.98 vs 89.21±5.69 (t=2.012-2.350, P ＜ 0.05)].CONCLUSION: Pulmonary function of the patients with diabetes mellitus has reduced tendency compared with the normal persons, and the pulmonary function of the patients with long course of disease decreases significantly. More attention should be paid to diabetes patients' pulmonary function changes.

The epilepsy symptom and the pia microcirculatory blood flow volume (PMBFV) were investigated in epilepsy rat model induced by strychnine and the changes after treatment by using faradized frequency spectrum therapeutic equipment were observed. The epilepsy symptom was improved and the PMBFV increased after treatment. The convulsion seizure time was delayed, the seizure frequency and convulsion time were reduced, and the epilepsy even was not appeared in some cases. Results suggested that this improvement might be related to the change of PMBFV.

Objective To study the distribution status and clinical significance of human papillomavirus(HPV) infection geno‐types in condyloma acuminate(CA) tissues of vulva ,vagina and cervix .Methods The gene‐chips combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology were utilized for detecting 23 kinds of HPV genotypes in tissue specimens from 63 cases of vulval CA , 61 cases of vaginal CA and 65 cases of cervical CA .Their clinical pathological data were analyzed .Results In 63 cases of vulval CA ,56 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 88 .89% (56/63) ,in 61 cases of vaginal CA ,55 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 90 .16% (55/61) ,and in 65 cases of cervical CA ,62 cases were HPV positive with the HPV infection rate of 95 .39% (62/65) .Conclusion HPV infection is closely related to the CA pathgenesis in vulva ,vagina and cervix . HPV6 and HPV 11 are main stream genotypes ,in which vulval CA is most common .The gene‐chips combined with PCR technology is a method suitable for HPV typing diagnosis ,and has the characteristics of good sensitivity and high specificity ,which has an im‐portant significance for clinical diagnosis ,treatment and vaccine study of CA in femal vulva ,vagina and cervix .

0.05).The accuracy of Borrmann type classification in 14 cases of advanced gastric carcinoma undergone gastrectomy was 92.8%.Conclusion The gastric carcinoma detection rate with NHSCT is similar to that with fibro-gastroscopic or double-contrast barium examination.The direct and indirect signs of gastric carcinoma can be found and the Borrmann type classification can be made by NHSCT.However,the non-contrast enhancement scanning is limited for the early gastric carcinoma detection,and can be improved by contrast enhancement scanning.

Objective To explore the indications for percutaneous renal biopsy of asymptomatic hematuria in children. Methods The renal pathological types of 485 children with asymptomatic hematuria were analyzed retrospectively. According to the degree of hematuria and whether or not combined with proteinuria, the children were divided into microscopic hematuria group, gross hematuria group and hematuria with proteinuria group. The microscopic hematuria group was further divided into urine red blood cell<15/HPF group, (15～30)/HPF group, and >30/HPF group according to hematuria degree. Results In 227 males and 258 females with the average age of 7.23±2.93 years, there were 318 cases in microscopic hematuria group, in which the most common pathological types were minor lesions (64.8%), followed by focal glomerular lesions (16.7%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (8.2%). There were 119 cases in gross hematuria group, in which the most common pathological types were also minor lesions (26.1%), followed by IgA nephropathy (24.4%) and mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy (20.2%). There were 48 cases in hematuria with proteinuria group, in which the most common pathological types were IgA nephropathy (29.2%) and minor lesions (29.2%). The distribution of the pathological types among microscopic hematuria group, gross hematuria group and hematuria with proteinuria group were statistically different (χ2=152.03, P<0.001). In three groups, microscopic hematuria group had the highest proportion of minor lesions, while gross hematuria group and hematuria with proteinuria group had higher proportion of IgA nephropathy and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis . In microscopic hematuria group, there were 149 children with urine red blood cell<15/HPF, 96 with urine red blood cell (15～30)/HPF, and 73 with urine red blood cell >30/HPF. There was no difference in pathological types among three sub-groups (χ2=15.18, P=0.51), and mild lesions were the most common pathological types in each group. Conclusion Renal biopsy should be performed at earliest possible time to make pathological diagnosis in asymptomatic hematuria children with gross hematuria or proteinuria.

Objective:To investigate changes in expression of plasma soluble CD100 (sCD100) and membrane-bound CD100 (mCD100) on peripheral T cells in patients with herpes zoster, and to observe the regulatory effect of exogenous CD100 on CD8 + T cells. Methods:A total of 53 patients with herpes zoster attending the Zhumadian Central Hospital from July 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled, so were 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anticoagulated venous blood samples were collected, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, plasma sCD100 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mCD100 expression on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was determined by flow cytometry. After the purification of CD8 + T cells, the secretion levels of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines by CD8 + T cells were measured and compared between herpes zoster patients and controls. Some purified CD8 + T cells from herpes zoster patients were stimulated with recombinant human CD100 and recombinant varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein, and the effect of recombinant human CD100 on the secretion of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines by CD8 + T cells was investigated. Comparisons between groups were conducted by t test. Results:Plasma sCD100 levels were significantly lower in the herpes zoster group (1.12 ± 0.23 ng/ml) than in the control group (1.31 ± 0.28 ng/ml, t = 2.97, P = 0.004), the proportion of mCD100 + CD8 + T cells was significantly higher in the herpes zoster group (17.41% ± 4.26%) than in the control group (14.69% ± 3.70%, t = 2.52, P = 0.014), and no significant difference in the proportion of mCD100 + CD4 + T cells was found between the two groups (2.52% ± 0.58% vs. 2.32% ± 0.56%, t = 1.27, P = 0.208). The herpes zoster group showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of perforin and granzyme B in, and lower secretion levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α by CD8 + T cells compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). After stimulation with recombinant human CD100, levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the culture supernatant of CD8 + T cells (43.68 ± 14.12, 126.8 ± 22.92, 12.79 ± 3.66, 310.0 ± 79.90 pg/ml, respectively ) were significantly higher than those in non-stimulated group (34.55 ± 10.78, 99.04 ± 10.44, 9.53 ± 2.00, 275.6 ± 68.04 pg/ml, respectively, all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:There was an imbalance between sCD100 and mCD100 expression in patients with herpes zoster, and exogenous sCD100 may enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells in herpes zoster patients.

Objective To evaluate the role of hepatic artery interventional therapy for the prevention and treatment of biliary complications in orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) with hepatic artery stricture (HAS). Methods We retrospectively analyzed biliary complications of 22 OLT recipients with HAS from Oct 2003 to Mar 2006 and evaluated the role of hepatic artery interventional therapy. Results One of three OLT recipients receiving early retrieval second transplants died of severe infection. The remaining 18 recipients were complicated with elevated?-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase, among them eleven (61. 1%) developed biliary stricture(BS) ,1(5. 6%) suffered from biliary leakage. Six (50%) of the 12 patients receiving hepatic artery interventional therapy developed BS later which was ameliorated by biliary interventional treatment. One of 2 patients receiving no hepatic artery interventional therapy developed BS which was cured by conservative treatment. None of the 4 patients receiving hepatic artery interventional therapy after the establishment of BS was cured and 3 (3/4) were improved and 1 (1/4) continued to deteriorate after hepatic artery and biliary interventional treatment. Conclusions Patients with HAS after OLT have a high rate of biliary complications. The result of hepatic artery interventional therapy to prevent and treat biliary complications of the patients with HAS is not satisfactory.

OBJECTIVE To study the absorbed components of Xiebai powder in blood. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was adopted. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and administration group ，with 10 rats in each group. Blank group was given water intragastrically ，and administration groups were given 2 g/mL（by the amount of crude drug ）Xiebai powder solution intragastrically. Administration volume was 11.3 mL/kg，twice a day for 3 days. One point five hours after last administration，blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of each rat ，the serum was processed to obtain the supernatant for analysis；the relevant data in positive and negative ion mode were collected ，and the absorbed components of Xiebai powder in blood were analyzed and identified by using self-built secondary mass spectrometry database and consulting the relevant literature. RESULTS Totally 17 components from Xiebai powder were identified ，among which 6 components came from sovereign Moru salba，7 from minister Cortex Lycii ，12 from assistant Glycyrrhiza uralensis ，i.e. kukoamine A ，chlorogenic acid ，tachiogroside B，astringin，neoglycyrrhizin，glycyrrhizin，azelaic acid ，isoglycyrrhizin，glycyroside，anthocyanin，sebacic acid ，parthenolide， anthocyanin，18β-glycyrrhetinic acid ，6-gingerol，palmitoamide，erucamide. These compounds were mainly flavonoids ，alkaloids and organic acids. CONCLUSIONS In this study ，17 absorbed components of Xiebai powder in blood are preliminarily determined，which are consistent with the effect of Xiebai powder. They may be the pharmacodynamic substances of Xiebai powder.

Objective To explore the machine learning model and risk factor analysis for hospital infection caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae(CRE).Methods The clinical data of totally 451 patients infected with extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBL)producing Enterobacteriaceae treated in the hospital from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into CRE group(115 cases)and sensitive group(336 cases)according to the susceptibility of carbapenem.Four machine learning methods in-cluding Logistic regression analysis,random forest,support vector machine,and neural network were used to build prediction models and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate.Based on the predic-tion model with the best performance,risk factors for CRE infection were analyzed.Results Random forest model had the best performance,with the area under the curve of 0.952 3.The risk factors for predicting CRE infection by the random forest model included 15 clinical data items,namely fever for more than 3 days,cere-bral injury,drainage fluid sample,trunk surgery,first-level or special-level nursing,ICU treatment,procalcito-nin,anti-anaerobic bacteria,the use of third-generation cephalosporins,age,pre-albumin,creatinine,white blood cell count,and albumin.Conclusion The CRE prediction model developed in this study has good predic-tive value and the risk factors have guiding significance for the early prevention and treatment of CRE infec-tion in clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between M2-type microglia-derived exosomes (M2-exo) and neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury in mice.Methods:Mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells) and BV2 microglia were cultured in vitro, and BV2 microglia were activated to M2 type using 20 ng/ml IL-4, and M0-type microglia-derived exosomes (M0-exo) and M2-exo were extracted.N2a cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=23 each) using the random number table method: control+ M0-exo group (C+ M0 group), control+ M2-exo group (C+ M2 group), OGD/R+ M0-exo group (O+ M0 group) and OGD/R+ M2-exo group (O+ M2 group).M0-exo and M2-exo (final concentration 100 μg/ml) were added in C+ M0 and C+ M2 groups, respectively, and the cells were incubated for 24 h. M0-exo and M2-exo (final concentration 100 μg/ml) were added at 3 h after oxygen and glucose deprivation, and then the cells were incubated for 24 h in O+ M0 and O+ M2 groups, respectively.N2a cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 method, and the severity of cell damage was assessed using the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate.The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein and mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results:Compared with C+ M0 group, no significant changes were found in N2a cell viability, LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio in C+ M2 group ( P>0.05), and N2a cell viability was significantly decreased, and the LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased in O+ M0 group ( P<0.05).Compared with C+ M2 group, the N2a cell viability was significantly decreased, and the LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were increased in O+ M2 group ( P<0.05).Compared with O+ M0 group, N2a cell viability was significantly increased, and LDH release rate, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio were decreased in O+ M2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:M2-exo exerts an endogenous protective effect during OGD/R in mouse neurons, which may be related to the inhibition of cell apoptosis.