Objective To understand the status of the disease in local population and the fluoride content in drinking water in the endemic areas of endemic fluorosis in Etuoke Banner of Inner Mongolia,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies in prevention and control of the disease.Methods Totally 100 endemic fluorosis villages were selected as survey sites,to study the progress and effect of water-improving and defluoridation projects in Etuoke Banner in 2015.In monitoring villages with improved water,1 water sample from the tap water was collected to determine the fluoride level,and in water unimproved villages,1 water sample from each direction of the east,south,west,north and middle of the villages was collected,respectively,to determine fluoride level.Dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was examined in each village.Water fluoride was tested according to the Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Diagnosis of dental fluorosis was based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis (WS/T 208-2011).Results A total of 100 diseased villages were investigate,the water-improving rate was 39.00％ (39/100).Among the 39 water-improving projects,normal operating rate was 66.67％ (26/39),intermittent operating rate was 15.38％ (6/39) and scrapped projects accounted for 17.95％ (7/39);the qualified rate of water fluoride projects was 53.85％ (21/39).A total of 268 tap water samples were collected,the mean of water fluoride was 1.39 mg/L,and the range was 0.22-5.57 mg/L.In the 61 waterunimproved villages,the water fluoride level ＞ 1.2 mg/L in the drinking water accounted for 49.18％ (30/61),covering a population of 5 231 people.The water fluoride level ＞ 2.0-4.0 mg/L in the drinking water accounted for 18.03％ (11/61),covering a population of 2 326 people;the number of village with water fluoride level ＞ 4.0 mg/L was 1,accounted for 1.64％ (1/61),covering a population of 162 people.A total of 1 040 children aged 8 to 12 in the survey villages were examined,the total rate of dental fluorosis was 9.71％ (101/1 040),the index of dental fluorosis was 0.18,and the prevalence was negative.Conclusion The water-improving and defluoridation projects in Etuoke Banner,Inner Mongolia has a certain effect on children's dental fluorosis,but water fluoride content has exceeded the standard significantly,the water improvement measures should be further strengthened.

the education the education of appreciate the beauty is a kind of character education,.And the character of a kind of spirit level of structure the education.It can educate what medical science living to appreciate beauty the ability,and affect the medical science the concept of value that living,and increase the medical science the human life state that living,and educate the medical science the creation thought that living.this article basic of medical science history teaching to discuss how foster the students to appreciate the beauty of the education.

Objective To research the effect of type 2 diabetes on collagen content in different organsinOLETFrats.Methods 24maleOLETFratsweregivenhigh‐caloriedietfor30weekstoset up the T2DM. At the 30th week ,16 male T2DM OLETF rats were selected as case group ,and 12 LETO rats were used as control group. The skin ,liver ,and femur tissue were collected at the same time. HE and Masson staining and immunohistochemical test were performed to measure the content of collagen and HPLC was used to detect hydroxyproline. Results Compared with the NC group ,DM group showed the collagen fibers were decreased in femoral and skin tissue ,but increased in liver tissue. The collagen content of the skin tissue was significantly lower in DM group than in NC group [(149.9 ± 18.4) vs (266.0 ± 54.8)mg/g ,P<0.01] ,and the collagen content of the femur tissue was also lower in DM group than in NC group [(185.60 ± 19.38) vs (243.27 ± 22.19)mg/g ,P<0.05]. In contrary ,the collagen content of liver tissue was higher in DM group than in NC group [(134.54 ± 18.78) vs (64.52 ± 21.51) mg/g ,P<0.01]. Conclusion The effect of type 2 diabetes on the collagen in different organs is different. The collagen content decreases in the femoral and skin tissue but increases in the liver.

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for Chinese enterprises to grasp the trend of quality management of worldwide medical products and to improve the quality management level.METHODS: FDA's CGMP Warning Letters on medical products issued by the USA during 2002～2006 were analyzed statistically,and FDA's emphasis and intent on quality management system of medical products was discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The contents stated in FDA Warning Letters are of great importance for Chinese enterprises to grasp the trend of quality management of worldwide medical products and to improve the quality management level.Chinese enterprises can probe into the problems and solutions of quality management of medical products by analyzing FDA's emphasis and intent on quality management system of medical products as well as field investigation.

Objective To investigate the change on the extent of coagulated lesion under various interrupting methods of hepatic blood flow in vivo animal livers, and the clinical effect of combining tran scathcter arterial chernoembolization(TACE) with percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) for primary and metastatic hepatic tumors. Methods Using FORSEA MTC-3-500s microwave coagulator, we performed microwave tissue coagulation in vivo liver of 6 pigs at 60 W, 2 min and of 20 rabbits al 40 W, 2 min with or without the interruption of hepatic blood flow. 27 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma(30 nodules) and 8 patients with metastatic carcinoma( 12 nodules) underwent the combination therapy of 1 - 4 sessions of TACK followed by within 3-10 days by 1 - 3 sessions of PMCT guided by ultrasonography and/or CT. The 42 lesions measured from 2. 3 cm to 15.6 cm were taken place. Results In vivo liver, the greatest dimension of the lesions coagulated by microwave with the interruption of hepatic arterial and portal flow were 22.510.6 mm at 40 W, 2 min and 28. 6?1. 2 mm at 60 W, 2 min, which were markedly larger than those without the interruption (13.3?0.3; and 15.6?0.7 mm, P

Objective To investigate the clinical value of home-made self-expandable metallic stent therapy for benign or malignant segmental obstruction of inferior vena cava (IVC). Methods 48 patients, including 30 cases of benignancy and 18 of malignancy, were underwent the home-made self-expandable metallic stent endovascular implantation of IVC. Results Of 48 patients, the average obstructive length of IVC were 5.3?2.8 cm. The IVC pressure below the obstruction varied from 21.4?5.1 mmHg of preoperation to 8.4?3.3 mmHg of postoperation(P

Excessive medical treatment goes against the human rights of patients and therefore must be stopped.Main reasons include the impulse of existing medical benefit mechanism,the morality decline of medical staff,and patients' eagerness to shake off physical pain and psychological advocating for high-cost medical expenditure.This paper also comes up with relevant countermeasures including reversing the current healthcare mechanism,establishing an evaluation system for medical ethics of medical staff,and building up a monitoring mechanism for the development of clinical guidelines of evidence-based medicine.

The obese children are increasing at a surprisingly high annual rate of 9.1 percent in China.Meanwhile children are lack of health consciousness and self-protection,thus obese children are more vulnerable towards obesity.Since parents are responsible for their children's daily lives and behaviors,the health education of obesity should be started with those parents with obese children.This paper calls to carry out health education aimed at parents of obese children through multiple means such as community health services,taking advantage of public media and establishing specific clubs,in order to effectively control the increase of obese children.

Objective: To investigate the expression of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in endometrial carcinoma tissues and its rela-tionship with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the disease. Methods: A total of 267 paraffin-embedded endometrial carci-noma specimens of patients with complete follow-up data were collected from the Shijiazhuang Bethune International Peace Hospital between January 2005 and June 2014. CD31-PAS dual staining was performed to identify the VM structure. Tissue samples were then divided into VM-positive and VM-negative groups. CD133 expression was detected by immunohistochemical streptavidin peroxidase method. Results: Among the 267 endometrial carcinoma patients, 65 cases (24.3%) were VM positive. VM formation was closely corre-lated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Staging (χ2=9.987, P=0.002), histodifferentiation grade (χ2=11.795, P=0.001), myometrial invasion depth (χ2=5.499, P=0.019), vascular cancer embolus (χ2=22.599, P<0.001), and lymph node me-tastasis (χ2=7.848, P=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that survival time was significantly shorter in the VM-posi-tive group (median survival time was 51 months) than in the VM-negative group (median survival time was 100 months) (χ2=70.973, P<0.001). Moreover, CD133 expression was significantly higher in the VM-positive group [75.4% (49/65)] than in the VM-negative group [58.9% (119/202)] (χ2=5.720, P=0.017). Conclusion: VM is closely correlated with the pathogenesis, development, and malignancy of endometrial carcinoma. Furthermore, VM is one of the important indexes influencing the prognosis of this disease. Therefore, CD133-positive cells may contribute to VM formation.

Objective:To analyze the gene polymorphisms at code 54 of exon 1 in mannose-binding lectin(MBL) gene and the palsma MBL concentrations in Mongols and Huis in China.Methods:MBL plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA method with human MBL ELISA kit,Single nucleotide polymorphisms of MBL gene were determined with sequence analysis method.Geneticanalysis was deployed with SHEsis software,and the statistics package for social science,SPSS11.0 was used in the study.Results:The median values of MBL plasma in 79 Mongols and 69 Huis were 1 686 ng/ml and 1 909 ng/ml respectively and no significant difference was found between them(Z=0.63,P=0.4).In 79 Mongols,the variant allele frequencies of the codon 54 of MBL gene was 0.203,62.0% of the 79 cases were A/A exon type,while 35.4% were A/B type and 2.50% were B/B type instead.In all 69 Huis,the variant allele frequencies was 0.268,58.0% of 40 cases were A/A exon type,while 30.4% were A/B type and 11.6% were B/B type instead.The frequency of point mutation at +230 site was 0.203.No significant difference of variant allele frequencies was found between the Mongols and Huis nationalities(?2=1.772,P=0.183).Neither C nor D exon type were found in the study.The A/A wild type was associated with the highest plasma concentration with median values,the A/B type was associated with lower MBL levels and the B/B type with the lowest levels(?2=86.526,P