Objective To summarize the experience of heart-lung transplantation.Methods Four patients with Eisenmenger’s syndrome underwent heart-lung homoplastic transplantation. All patients were complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension in New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) functional class IV. Cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass consisted of a cannula in the high ascending aorta and separate vena caval cannulas. The heart-lung graft was moved into the chest, beginning with passage of the lung before the phrenic nerve pedicle. The bronchus was trimmed, leaving two cartilaginous rings proximal to the orifice of the upper lobe. The tracheal anastomosis was performed with a continuous 4-0 polypropylene suture, with the posterior portion continuously and anterior interrupted. The lungs were then ventilated (

Objective To construct the replication-incompetent lentivirus expressing rat TLR4 shRNA,and to observe its inhibitory effect on TLR4 expression in alveolar macrophage and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of IL-1?,IL-6.Methods We designed and constructed four shRNA expressing plasmids with silencing effect,then they were co-transfected into HEK293T cells with the TLR4 eukaryotic vector constructed previously;the best shRNA was selected to be packed into lentivirus;and the titer was determined.The packed lentvirus was used to infect the alveolar macrophage(NR8383) in presence of LPS,and the LPS-induced IL1?,IL-6 expression was examined by ELISA.Results The best shRNA was successfully screened out and was correctly inserted into the lentivirus.The titer of the recombinant lentivirus was 2.0 ? 106 TU/ml.The LPS-induced expression of IL-1?,IL-6 in the alveolar macrophages was greatly reduced after virus infection (P

Objective To construct eukaryotic expressed plasmid vector pLenti6/V5- DEST-Cx43 in human for further study on bioinformative communication between myocardial cell, embryonic development of heart and differentiation of myocardial cell. Methods Cx43 cDNA fragments were obtained from plasmid p18-T by restriction enzyme BamH1、Xho1, after the agarose gel electrophoresis was performed, the Cx43 cDNA was retrieved. pENTR11 were extracted by enzyme BamH1、Xho1, then connected with Cx43 cDNA by T4 DNA ligase. LR reaction was performed and Cx43 cDNA were cloned into Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST. Results Agarose electrophoresis and sequent examination, identified that Cx43 cDNA was cloned into Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST. Conclusion The present experiment demonstrate a successful cloning of human Cx43 cDNA into the Lentiviral vector pLenti6/V5-DEST.

The most important cause of late mortality after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis ( OB) . It is clear that a good animal model is indispensable to further unravel and clarify the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ( BOS) .Many animal models have been developed to study BOS, however, so far, none of these models truly mimics the human condition.In recent years mouse models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been established, which provide potential possibilities for further studies of OB/BOS after lung transplantation.The aim of this article was to review the pros and cons of those animal models, and discuss the possible approaches to establish animal models of chronic rejec-tion after lung transplantation.

Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases,including psoriasis,rheumatoid arthritis,multiple sclerosis,inflammatory bowel disease,asthma,and so on.The discovery of Th17 cells has offered scientists a new insight into the etiology and treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases.This article presents an overview of the differentiation,cytokine expression and trafficking of Th17 cells.

Objective By using cardiac ischemia reperfusion model, the muscarinic receptor path way of cardiac signal conduction in both young and aged myocardium was studied. The aim was to study the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion injury in aged myocardium. Methods 20 dogs (15～20 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: group A (young, 3～4 years old, n=10), group B (old, 7～8 years old, n=10). All dogs underwent 60 minutes of global ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A tunnel was inserted through the left ventricular apex, to measure the LVEDP、+dp/dt、-dp/dt and ECG. . Myocardial specimens were collected at the beginning of reperfusion, 30 min after reperfusion and 60 min after reperfusion. Myocardium was prepared or studied of density of muscarinic receptor, G protein level, cGMP, guanylate cyclase activity, value of NO, protein level of eNOS, mRNA level of iNOS and eNOS. Results (1) Group B had higher LVEDP but lower +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max than group A in each stage. After CPB, the LVEDP showed no difference between pre and post surgery in two groups, while +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max were decreased in both groups, more significantly in group B. (2) At 30 min and 60 min after reperfusion, the density of M receptor was significantly increased in group B than that in group A. (3) There was no significant difference in Gs pre and post surgery in group A. Compared with group B, the level of Gi decreased significantly after the reperfusion in group A. There were decreasing in Gs and Gi after reperfusion in group B, more greater in the former. The ratio of Gi/Gs in group B was much higher than that in group A. (4) Compared with group A, the mRNA level of eNOS and protein level of eNOS decreased more significantly in group B during each stage of reperfusion. After ischemia reperfusion, the mRNA level of iNOS, NO, cGMP and guanylate cyclase activity were obviously increased in group B than that in group A.Conclusion (1) After the cardiac surgery in elder model, the M receptor path way increased significantly, which is negatively correlated with cardiac function, hence promote the ischemia reperfusion injury in elder myocardium. (2) In the ischemia reperfusion injury in elder myocardium, higher vagotonic does more harm to the old myocardium through NO and NO cGMP pathway.

Objective To observe the changes of tongue and pulse parameters in the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)after pegylated interferon alpha-2a(PEG-IFNα-2a)treatment,to investigate its value in evaluation clinical efficacy of PEG-IFNα-2a treatment.Methods 120 patients with CHB who confirmed to the standard received PEG-IFNα-2a antiviral therapy for 48 weeks,and followed up for 24 weeks.The tongue and pulse parameters were detected by DS01-A type digital tongue and pulse presentation analyzer.The changes of liver function,serum HBV markers,HBV DNA,tongue and pulse parameters were observed before and after treatment.Results 113 patients completed the course of treatment,46 cases received complete response(response rate 40.7%).The response rate of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency group was higher than that of blood stasis group(95%CI:0.010-0.677,P <0.05).The baseline of tongue and pulse parameters had no significant difference between response group and non response group(h3 /h1,t =1.799,P =0.074;h4 /h1,t =1.383,P =0.169;h5 /h1,t′=0.461,P >0.05;W/t,t′=0.688,P >0.05;R,t =1.317,P =0.190;G,t =0.346,P =0.729;B,t =1.720,P =0.088).After 48 weeks treat-ment,and followed up for 24 weeks,the tongue and pulse parameters of response group and non response group were compared with baseline,h3 /h1,h4 /h1 decreased,R value and G value increased,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(Response group:h3 /h1,t =3.004,P =0.003;h4 /h1,t =2.702,P =0.008;R,t′=2.258,P <0.05;G,t′=3.052,P <0.05.Non response group:h3 /h1,t =1.978,P =0.049;h4 /h1,t =2.487,P =0.014;R,t′=2.661,P <0.05;G,t′=2.318,P <0.05).But there were no significant differences between the response group and no response group after treatment(h3 /h1,t′=0.191,P >0.05;h4 /h1,t =0.390,P =0.697 2;h5 /h1,t′=0.957,P >0.05;W/t,t =0.149,P =0.881;R,t =1.343,P =0.181;G,t =0.994,P =0.322;B,t =0.565,P =0.572).Conclusion The changes of tongue and pulse parameters have improved after treatment with PEG-IFNαin patients with CHB. However,the value in predicting the efficacy of antiviral therapy may be limited.

Objective To evaluate the hemolysis and fatigue resistance self suspension ventricular assist device (NIVAD) in vitro.Methods Resettled NIVAD which is filled with 2 500 ml fresh anticoagulant blood from pig in vitro loop system.The speed of blood pump was adjusted to 8 000 rpm.The afterload and the flow of pump were set as 100 mmHg and 3.5 L/min respectively.Keep the temperature at around 37 degree centigrade which is equal to average internal temperature in pig.Then harvest and measure the free hemoglobin(FHB) of blood samples at different time points before and after working.Then calculated the normalized index of hemoylsis(NIH) by comparing to control group, the unused pig blood at the same period.In fatigue test, conditions remained unchanged, except the blood was replaced by pure water.The blood pump had operated for 90 d continuously and recorded its performance.Results The FHB of experimental blood is higher than that of the control.The normal index of hemolysis NIVAD is(0.0052 ±0.0019)mg/L.Fatigue test , the blood pump operated smoothly, and every parameters was stable.Conclusion The blood pump of NIVAD does a certain degree of destruction to blood, but the NIH is in criterion range of hemolysis, it has certain advantages compared to similar products in china and aboard.At the same time it has good resistance and stable property to fatigue.

Objective To study of percutaneous laser disc decompression(PLDD)in the patients of lumbar disc herniations.Methods 66 patients were treated with PLDD.The mean age of the 48 male and 18 female patients was 39.3 years old.Results 58 patients of all,or 87.9% showed excellent or good result.15 patients(78.9%)showed excellent and 2 patients(10.5%) were good,2 patients(10.6%) were fair or poor under 30 year old.15 patients(44.1%)showed excellent and 17(50.5%)patients were good,2(5.9%)patients were fair in 31~50 years old.2(15.4%) patients showed excellent and 7(53.8%)patients were good,4(29.8%)patients were fair or poor over 51 years old.Conclusion PLDD is safe and convenient method of treating lumbar disc herniations.

Objective To investigate the electrophysiological properties of neurons in visual cortex of binocular form-deprivated rats during the developmental stages and to explore the synaptic and cellular mechanisms of plasticity in the visual cortex. Methods Whole cell patch clamp technique was applied to the visual cortex slices prepared from 61 Wistar rats of both genders, which were divided into two groups; control group and binocular form-deprivation (BFD) group. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and long term potentiation (LTP) of the neurons were recorded. Results (1) The percentage of silent response in BFD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P