[ ABSTRACT] Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase Q ( PTPRQ) is an unusual protein tyrosine phosphatase that has intrinsic dephosphorylating activity for various phosphatidylinositiol and phospho-tyrosine substrates, especially the phosphatidylinositol activity.Recent data show that PTPRQ has an important role in various biological processes and is as-sociated with some diseases.In this article, the structure and function of PTPRQ and the relationship between PTPRQ and diseases were briefly summarized.