Aim To observe the effects of heat shock protein 70 ( Hsp70 ) activator SW02 on lipopolysaccha-ride( LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) and LPS-induced production of nitric oxide ( NO ) in macrophages. Methods RAW264. 7 cells were stimulated by LPS, and were divided into DMSO,DMSO+LPS(1 mg·L-1),SW02,and SW02+LPS ( 1 mg · L-1 ) groups. The protein expression was detected by Western blot. NO concentration was measured by Griess kit. The iNOS mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. The NF-κB binding to iNOS promot-ers was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) assays. Results SW02 significantly blocked the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS as well as the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264 . 7 cells(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05,SW02+LPS group vs DM-SO+LPS group) . SW02 did not affect the LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α( P>0. 05 , SW02 +LPS group vs DMSO+LPS group ) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB ( P > 0. 05 , SW02 + LPS group vs DMSO + LPS group) . However,SW02 reduced the NF-κB binding to iNOS promoters inside the cell( P<0. 05,SW02+LPS group vs DMSO+LPS group) . Conclusion These re-sults show that SW02 prevents iNOS expression and NO induction likely through attenuation of the NF-κB bind-ing to iNOS promoters in macrophages.

Smilax macrophylla is a type of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of gouty arthritis. Study on its quality evaluation method was very necessary. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), its generally acknowl-edged major compound with definite therapeutic effect, was detected in the root of S. macrophylla. HPLC was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (25:75). The detection wavelength was 320 nm. The results showed that the method can be used in content determination of resveratrol in S. macrophylla. It was concluded that the study was able to establish content determination method of resveratrol in S. macrophylla in order to lay the foundation of the establishment of quality standard of this Chinese herbal medicine.

Object To study the callus culture of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr., so as to lay the foundation for the rapid propagation of its breeds.Methods The explants used in culture were root, stem and leaf of G. segerum. The MS basal medium containing different plant hormones was applied. Results The best explants were leaf of G. segetum. The medium induced callus was MS basal medium containing 1 0 mg/L NAA and 4 0 mg/L 6 BA and the callus induction rate was 64% . The sprouting rate of the callus transplanted to fitting differential medium was 86 7%.Conclusion The rapid propagation of G. segetum can be carried out by inducing callus of the plant.

Traditional medical education focus on expository teaching,rote learning,and apprenticeship training for clinical skill.Although these teaching approaches can be beneficial for imparting knowledge and clinical skill,they appear to be insufficient for team cooperation,knowledge integration,and standard training.Biomedical simulation teaching is a new method for imparting knowledge,and has achieved good results in current medical education.This paper aims to introduce the definition and characteristic of biomedical simulation,and the application and significance of biomedical simulation in ultrasound teaching are also outlined and discussed.

AIM: To explore the mechanism of the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis induced by human C5b-9 complex in glomerular mesangial cells(MC) of rats. METHODS: The MC of rats were cultured and stimulated with human complement C5b-9 complex to induce TNF? and IL-1?. At the same time, several parameters related to NO synthesis were measured at 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after C5b-9 stimulation. The effects of monoclonal antibodies against TNF? and IL-1? on NO synthesis were examined in this system. RESULTS: TNF? concentration in supernatant from MC in C5b-9 group was higher than that of control group at 6, 24 h after stimulation with C5b-9 complex and reversed by adding anti-TNF? McAb. C5b-9 complex didn't stimulate the release of IL-1? in same system. In addition, the expression of iNOS mRNA in MC was observed at 3 h after stimulation with C5b-9. Levels of iNOS mRNA expression and cGMP in MC and NO - 3/NO - 2 in supernatant from MC in C5b-9 group were higher than those in control group at 6, 24 h after C5b-9 stimulation, these changes were also reversed by adding monoclonal antibody against TNF?. CONCLUSION: C5b-9 complex could induce iNOS mRNA expression at 3 h after C5b-9 stimulation, and the synthesis of NO at 6, 24 h was related to TNF? released from cultured MC of rats by C5b-9 complex to a certain extent.

OBJECTIVE To assess the ultrasonographic features and clinical significance of the complications of the thyroglossal cysts. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic findings in 41 cases with complications of the thyroglossal cyst, which was confirmed surgically and pathologically. 43 cases with simple thyroglossal cyst consisted of the control group. The location, size, internal echo, internal septa, wall thickness, posterior acoustic feature, boundary, vascularity, and fistulas of the lesion were analyzed and compared with the control group. RESULTS Most of the inflammatory thyroglossal cyst showed thickening walls, indistinct boundaries, posterior echo enhancement, and peripheral vascularity on ultrasound images. There were significant differences of the thickness of the cyst wall, indistinct boundary, and peripheral vascularity between the two groups. CONCLUSION The characteristic findings of thyroglossal cyst with inflammation are thickened wall, indistinct boundary, and peripheral vascularities. Ultrasonography can be useful tool in determination of the appropriate time of the operation to reduce the recurrence rate.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for organic acids in Crataegi fructus. METHODS:Based on sin-gle factor test,using liquid-solid ratio,extraction time and ethanol volume fraction as independent variables,extraction yield of or-ganic acids as dependent variable,central composite design-response surface method was used to optimize the extraction technology of organic acids in Crataegi fructus. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follow as liquid-solid ratio of 18.5:1, adding 75% ethanol,reflux extraction twice,2.0 h each time. Average extraction yield of organic acids in verification test was 5.22%(RSD=2.70%,n=3),with 1.75% relative error of the predicted value(5.13%). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized extraction technology for organic acids in Crataegi fructus is simple,with good reproducibility and predictability.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the rhizomas of Smilax glauco-china Warb.METHODS The n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of S.glauco-china was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as phenethanol-β-D-gentiobioside (1),2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),phenylethyl D-rutinoside (3),phenylethyl β-D-glucoside (4),hydrangeifolin Ⅰ (5),icariside D1 (6),calophymembranside B (7),2-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 → 1)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8),β-sitosterol (9),daucosterol (10).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To evaluate quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of prostate nodules in peripheral zone.Methods Forty-seven patients suspected of prostate cancer for peripheral zone nodules on ultrasonographic imaging were enrolled in this study.Time intensity curves of contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed in all patients.Results The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of malignant lesions in peripheral zone was shorter than that of adjacent peripheral zone (47.1 s±21.1 s vs 74.2 s±29.7 s, P=0.01).The peak intensity (PI) of benign nodules in peripheral zone was lower than that of adjacent peripheral zone 11.9 dB±7.7 dB vs 17.5 dB±4.5 dB, P=0.02).Conclusions It is helpful for differentiation diagnosis of peripheral zone nodule through analyzing FWHM and PI on contrast-enhanced transrectal ultmsonography imaging.