The results of the current studies demonstrated that the combined use of IL - 2 and IL - 7 could augment the in vitro proliferative responses of tumor - specific T cell lines and clones to antigen stimulation, increasing stimulation induces 6 to 8 times greater than using either IL - 2 or IL - 7 alone. Antigen - driven T cells maintained in culture using this combined cytokine regimen can be induced to grow and maintained functional in large numbers and survive long-term in cultrue with each antigen restimulation cycle prolonged to six weeks. The IL-2 doses used in this combined cytokine regimen can be reduced 10 to 100 times that of cultures using IL-2 alone. Thus, the combined use of IL-2 plus IL-7 is effective for procuring large numbers of antigen - specific functional T cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo study and design a maternal and fetal monitoring system based on the cloud computing and internet of things, which can monitor and take smart care of the mother and fetus in 24 h.

METHODSUsing a new kind of wireless fetal monitoring detector and a mobile phone, thus the doctor can keep touch with hospital through internet. The mobile terminal was developed on the Android system, which accepted the data of fetal heart rate and uterine contraction transmitted from the wireless detector, exchange information with the server and display the monitoring data and the doctor's advice in real-time.

RESULTSThe mobile phone displayed the fetal heart rate line and uterine contraction line in real-time, recorded the fetus' grow process. It implemented the real-time communication between the doctor and the user, through wireless communication technology.

CONCLUSIONSThe system removes the constraint of traditional telephone cable for users, while the users can get remote monitoring from the medical institutions at home or in the nearest community at any time, providing health and safety guarantee for mother and fetus.

Objective To study the cell death in macrophages (THP-1) stimulated with different agonists (H37Rv-PPD or BCG-PPD) and to investigate the relationship between Toll like receptor (TLR)-2 and THP-1 apoptosis. Methods H37Rv-PPD and BCG-PPD were used to stimulate THP-1 cells for 3 h, 8 h, 15 h and 24 h, respectively with or without TLR-2 blockade. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the TLR-2 expression. Annexin V staining and Hochest staining were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Results The apoptosis cells were increased when stimulated with BCG-PPD and the percentage was 30.2% at 24 h, which were confirmed by Hochest staining.However, the expression of TLR-2 did not increase simultaneously with percentage of 8.8% at 24 h.Nevertheless, most cells presented with necrosis form when stimulated with H37Rv-PPD and the expression of TLR-2 remained at high level with the percentage of 17.2% at 24 h, while the percent of apoptosis rate was only 7.7%. Under treatment of TLR-2 antibodies, the percentage of apoptosis decreased to 10.5% at 24 h of BCG-PPD stimulation and TLR-2 expressions were down-regulated to less than 3% at all time points; but after H37Rv-PPD stimulation, the percentage of apoptosis and TLR-2 expression did not changed obviously. Conclusions The attenuated BCG-PPD induces THP-1 apoptosis predominately, which is partially correlated with TLR-2 expression. While virulent H37Rv-PPD induces THP-1 necrosis predominately.

Objective To investigate the effects of the frozen embryo transplantation for patients with poor outcome of endometrial growth by using growth hormone (GH) intrauterine perfusion combined with replacement cycle in the treatment of thin endometrium.Methods This was a prospective study and study participants were consecutively recruited between Jun 2014 and September 2015.A total of 88 frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles was divided into two groups from the Reproductive Center of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital.Group A were 63 hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles and Group B were 25 GH intrauterine perfusion combined HRT cycles.Results The endometrial thickness of 22 thin endometrium patients from Group B were increased above 7 mm on progesterone day.The endometrial thickness on transplant day of Group A was (9.28 ± 1.64) mm,which was significantly higher than Group B (7.9 ± 0.86) mm (P ＜ 0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate (50.79％ vs 52.0％),implantation rate 31.1％ vs 47.17％),miscarriage rate (9.38％ vs 15.38％) had no significant difference between Groups A and B.The endometrial thickness from 7 mm to 7.9 mm on transplant day,the clinical pregnancy rate (30.76％ vs 54.54％) had no significant difference in two groups (P ＞0.05),but the implantation rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (20％ vs 52.17％) (P ＜0.05).When the endometrial thickness was above 8 mm on transplant day,the clinical pregnancy rate (58.33％ vs 63.63％),implantation rate (36.36％ vs 50％) had no significant difference between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions GH uterine cavity perfusion was a useful method for treatment of thin endometrium,and was helpful for improvement of endometrial thickness and receptivity,improved embryo implantation environment by assistance for HRT under the high estrogen levels.

The body mass index (BMI)is one of the important indexes to evaluate the nutrition / health status.BMI is weight in kilograms divided by height in per square meter (unit of kg/m2).BMI is changing with age.However,there are no BMI guidelines for the elderly.It is really necessary to set up a proper BMI range for the elderly.This research analyzed the relationship of BMI with all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality and body composition change in the elderly.The result showed that an appropriate higher BMI could help to decrease the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly and could also increase bone density and lean body mass,which could prevent the geriatric fracture and sarcopenia.Furthermore,underweight-related mortality was much higher than overweight-related mortality.

Objective To study the different response in macrophages treated with different agoβ and IL-10 in Mycobacterium tuberculosisnists(H37Rv-PPD and BCG-PPD)related with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the relationship with TNF-αt,IL-1β and IL-10.Methods Using H37Rv-PPD and BCG-PPD to stimulate THP-1 cell for 3h,8h,15h,24h respectively.Cells were ananlyzed by Hochest staining under fluorescence microscopy to assay cell death(apoptosis and necrosis).At each stimulating time,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 were examined by ELISA.Results Under fluorescence microscopy,it could easily see oval apoptotic bodies of THP-1 stimulated by BCG-PPD.However ,the nucleus were often isolated and necrosis-like when cells were stimulated by H37Rv-PPD.In a word ,BCG-PPD tend to induce THP-1 cells to apoptosis,but H37Rv-PPD inclined to induce cells to undergo necrosis.In supernatant of cells stimulated by BCG-PPD,the expression of TNF-αand IL-10 were lower than the cells stimulated by H37Rv-PPD,but the expression of IL-1β was higher than the latter.Conclusion It indicated that the necrosis of cells stimulated by H37Rv-PPD was asossiated with the excessive expression of TNF-α and IL-10,and the apoptosis of cells induced by BCG-PPD was IL-1β related.Perhaps the mechanism of differences in virulence exist in protein of strain,and associated with cytokines IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-10.

Objective:To provide recommendations for further improvement of resident standardization training in Shenzhen according to carrying on the appraisal to the present stage of the training work. Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate resident trainees. Results:We had collected 870 questionnaires with 86. 8% ef-fectively received rate. The resident trainees’ degree of satisfaction to the base conditions and management is more than 50%. While the degree of satisfaction to the training program is 33. 3%. Compared with the outside training base , the training conditions and management level is poor and lower in local training base. The effect of training pro-gram is better in outside training group than local group. Conclusions: Basement management, assessment, training schedule and trainees’ payment need to be improved.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of maternal anemia and iron deficiency during the second and third trimesters and their relationship with adverse pregnant outcomes.MethodsData of 3 262 gravidas, who received prenatal care and delivered at Drum Tower Hospital from October 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Blood routine test was performed for all subjects both at the second (20-22 weeks) and third trimesters (38 weeks of gestation or before delivery) using automatic blood analyzer. Moreover, serum ferritin level was determined at the second trimester with microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Treatment was offered to those diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia or severe iron deficiency, and the adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.Chi-square test and TrendChi-square test were performed for statistics.Results(1) Out of the 3 262 women, 601 (18.42%) were diagnosed as anemia at second trimester, among which 444 (73.88%) recovered at the third trimester after proper treatment. However, there were 285 (8.74%) new-onset anemia pregnancies at last trimester. Thus, the total prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 27.16% (886/3 262). (2) The mean serum ferritin level at the second trimester was (29.40± 30.12) ng/ml, and 1 565 (47.98%) were diagnosed as iron deficiency at the same period. (3) During the mid-term pregnancies, 345 iron deficiency anemic women were identified, which accounted for 57.40% of all anemic cases in this study. Two hundred and fifty out of the 345 women were cured at the third trimester. However, another 206 new-onset iron deficiency anemic pregnancies were identified at the third trimester. For iron deficiency anemia both at mid- and late-term pregnancy, the prevalence was 16.89% (551/3 262), which accounted for 62.19% (551/886) of all anemic patients. (4) There were more women with microcytic hypochromic anemia in the late-trimester than in the mid-trimester [19.93%(60/301) vs 4.93% (17/345),χ2=34.478,P<0.01]. (5) Among women with serum ferritin≥30,≥20- <30,≥10- <20- <10 ng/ml, the prevalence of mild anemia in mid-trimester was 13.33%(142/1 065), 14.40%(91/632), 14.71%(130/884) and 24.82%(169/681), the prevalence of new-onset anemia in the third trimester was 3.94%(42/1 065), 5.85%(37/632), 12.78%(113/884), and 13.66%(93/681) respectively. The lower the serum ferritin level, the higher the prevalence of anemia in the mid-trimester (χ2trend=30.697,P<0.01) and the new-onset anemia in the last trimester (χ2trend=69.871,P<0.01). (6) The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnancies with serum ferritin level at≥10 but <20 ng/ml was significantly higher than those normal one [20.39%(52/255) vs 11.92%(75/629),χ2=10.577,P<0.01]. Neither serum ferritin level nor anemia was associated with other adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsThe incidences of anemia and iron deficiency remain at a high level at the second and third trimesters. The lower the serum ferritin level at mid-trimester, the higher the incidence of anemia.

Cordyceps sinensis is an expensive and tonic-valuable famous herb in China. Due to a narrow growing distribution, a low parasitic rate and a harsh living environmental condition, its wild recourse is not abundant. In re-cent years, with the improvement of living standards, people’s awareness of health care has increased strongly. That is because of people’s over-excavation need;and the natural resources are becoming increasing scarcity. In order to meet the demand for Cordyceps, domestic researchers conducted vigorous studies. Since 1987, four or five cul-tured Cordyceps species have been developed, namely fermented Cordyceps sinensis. Through subsequent unceasing research, they were put into a lot of production, bringing a certain benefits for income and society. Currently, there are four commercial brands on the market. They are Bailing, Jinshuibao, Xinganbao and Ningxinbao. This paper summarized the studies of its chemical compositions and clinical applications on fermented Cordyceps militaris in the recent five years. It will let scholars understand its value of the cultured Cordyceps militaris more comprehen-sively and supply more information for scholars in its further research.

Descending nociceptive modulation from the supraspinal structures plays an important role in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a critical component of descending nociceptive facilitation circuitry, but so far the mechanisms are poorly known. In this study, we investigated the role of RVM glial activation in the descending nociceptive facilitation circuitry in a CIBP rat model. CIBP rats showed significant activation of microglia and astrocytes, and also up-regulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and pro-inflammatory mediators released by glial cells (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the RVM. Stereotaxic microinjection of the glial inhibitors (minocycline and fluorocitrate) into CIBP rats' RVM could reverse the glial activation and significantly attenuate mechanical allodynia in a time-dependent manner. RVM microinjection of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) abolished the activation of microglia, reversed the associated up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia. Taken together, these results suggest that RVM glial activation is involved in the pathogenesis of CIBP. RVM microglial p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated and leads to the release of downstream pro-inflammatory mediators, which contribute to the descending facilitation of CIBP.