Household questionnaire survey was conducted in 200 residents of Tilan and Zhanhqiao neighborhoods, Xingang community, Shanghai to know their awareness of knowledge about pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment. Results showed that 87.0% of the residents surveyed knew TB symptoms, but only 42. 5% knew cough and expectoration were pulmonary TB symptoms, 76. 5 % knew that TB could not be transmitted by use something that was used by TB patients, 85.5 % knew government policy of free and payment reduction for TB treatment, and 82. 0% knew there existed some hospitals for TB treatment designated by local health administrations. There was significant difference in the awareness between the two neighborhoods ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Factors related to their awareness of TB prevention and treatment knowledge included family annual income, educational level, publicity by telecision and broadcasting.

AIM　To observe the effect of artesunate on content of progesterone, estrogen and decidua of pregnant rats and study the efficacy and mechanism of artesunate for termination of early pregnancy. METHODS　Serum content of progesterone, estrogen and TNF-α were measured with RIA. The effects of artesunate on the ovary, decidua and fetus of pregnant rats were studied using histochemistry techniques. Decidual cells were estimated using cell culture. RESULTS　Artesunate 40 mg*kg-1 sc on day 6-10 of gestation significantly decreased the concentration of serum progesterone in early pregnant rats; decidual cells and fetus of treated groups were found to be degenerated at d 11. Artesunate was shown to directly damage the decidual cells. Cultured human decidual cells were exposed to artesunate for 48 h, the LC50 was found to be 25±3 mL*L-1. CONCLUSION　The damage of artesunate on decidua and placenta may be the mechanisms of its contragestational action.

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect and side-effects of paroxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety (GA). 　METHODS: Ninety patients who met Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria of mental disorders, 2nd Rev Ed (CCMD-2-R) criteria for GA were randomly divided into paroxetine group of 30 patients (M 12, F 18; age 40 a±s 13 a) which was treated with paroxetine 20-40 mg, po, qd or bid, benzodiazepines group of 30 patients (M 13, F 17; age 37 a±13 a) among them, 16 patients were treated with alprazolam 0.4-0.8 mg, po, bid or tid, 14 patients were treated with clonazepam 1-2 mg, po, bid or tid and placebo group of 30 patients (M 11, F 19; age 37 a±13 a) which was treated with placebo 1 tablet, tid for 12 wk. Effects were evaluated with Hamailton anxiety scale (HAMA), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), clinical global impression scales (CGI) and treatment emergent symptoms scale (TESS), before and after the wk 2,4,8,12 of treatment.　RESULTS: The excellent response rates of paroxetine group and benzodiazepines group were 90 % and 50 % (P<0.01). The side-effects of paroxetine group were dry mouth, constipation, nausea, but those were less than that of benzodiazepines group. 　CONCLUSION: The study suggests that paroxetine is an effective drug for the long treatment of GA and the side-effect is less.

Aiming at the problem of high-quality image reconstruction from projection data at sparse angular views, we proposed an improved fast iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the minimization of selective image total variation (TV). The new reconstruction scheme consists of two components. Firstly, the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) algorithm was adopted to reconstruct image that met the identity and non-negativity of projection data, and then, secondly, the selective TV minimization was used to modify the above image. Two phases were alternated until it met the convergence criteria. In order to further speed up the convergence of the algorithm, we applied a fast convergence technology in the iterative process. Experiments on simulated Shepp-Logan phantom were carried out. The results demonstrated that the new method not only improved image reconstruction quality and protected the edge of the image characteristics, but also improved the convergence speed of the iterative reconstruction significantly.
Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM: To compare the effects between topiramate and slow-release sodium valproate in treating refractory epilepsy. 　METHODS: Topiramate group of 39 patients (M 21, F 18; age 28 a± s 20 a) was compared with sodium valproate group of 41 patients (M 22, F 19; age 27 a±17 a) in antiepileptic effect of refractory epilepsy. Adult's and children's dosages of topiramate were increased gradually about 200 mg*d-1 and 4 mg*kg*d-1 respectively during about 2 mo, po, bid, for 6 mo as a course. Adult's dosage of slow-release sodium valproate was 0.5-1 g*d-1, and children's was increased gradually to total dosage: 15-30 mg*kg*d-1, po, qd or bid (morning or morning and noon), for 6 mo as a course. Effects were analysed between these two drugs after treatment 4 and 6 mo.　RESULTS： Simple and complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalized seizure, in topiramate group were much more improved than these in sodium valproate group 6 mo after treatment. Four patients of topiramate group appeared temporary adverse reactions of central nervous system, such as tiredness, sleepiness and distraction, but one patient of sodium valproate group had severer decreased function of bone marrow.　CONCLUSION: Topiramate is one of effective antiepileptic drugs and superior to slow-release sodium valproate. There are the apparent absence of any effects of topiramate on the bone marrow and on indexes of liver and kidney.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pyruvate Ringer' s solution on erythrocyte deformation function in the patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in vitro.Methods Thirteen patients of both sexes,aged 25-64 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (NAHY Ⅱ or Ⅲ),scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement under CPB were enrolled in the study.At 10 and 60 min of CPB (T1,2) and 60 min after termination of CPB (T3),blood samples 18 ml were drawn from the radial artery and each patient's blood sample was equally divided into 6 parts (3 ml per part).The blood samples were divided into 3 groups (n =13 each):control group (group C),lactated Ringer's solution group (group R),and pyruvate Ringer's solution group (group P).In C,R and P groups,normal saline 1 ml,lactated Ringer's solution 1 ml,and pyruvate Ringer's solution 1 ml were added,respectively,and then the erythrocytes were incubated for 60 min at 37 ℃.At 30 and 60 min of incubation,the erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI) and erythrocyte deformation index (EDI) were detected.Results Compared with C and R groups,the ERI was significantly decreased at 30 and 60 min of incubation at T1,the EDI was decreased at 30 min of incubation at T1,2,and no significant change was found in ERI at T2,3 or in EDI at T3 in group P.There was no significant difference in ERI and EDI at different time points of incubation within groups.Conclusion Pyruvate Ringer's solution can enhance erythrocyte deformation function in the patients undergoing CPB.

OBJECTIVE To study the antibacterial activity of pazufloxacin in vitro against bacteria isolated from(patients) with respiratory and urinary tract infection,compared with levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,cefuroxime and(cefotaxime) to provide guideline for clinical application.METHODS The infected bacteria were identified by the(fully) automatic VITEK system.The susceptibility test was determined by MIC method and K-B disk diffusion method respectively.RESULTS The sensitivity of most Gram-negative bacteria to pazufloxacin was basically the same to levofloxacin,cefotaxime, etc.However,the sensitivity of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter to(pazufloxacin) was higher than to other four antibiotics;the sensitivity of Gram-positive cocci,particularly(Streptococcus) to(pazufloxacin) was obviously lower than cephalosporins and no better than other quinolones.(CONCLUSIONS) The antibacterial activity of pazufloxacin in vitro against the bacteria isolated from patients with(respiratory) and urinary tract infection is comparatively strong,especially in the urinary system.Pazufloxacin has an excellent broad-(spectrum) and strong antibacterial activity.However,the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci is(expected) to promote.

Objective To analyze the plasty of the tip framework and the nasal tip in insufficient-lining cases with auricular and septal cartilage.Methods The tip framework was formed by using septal extension graft (SEG) and columellar strut (CS) to construct the main framework of nasal tip,and then according to the size of the graft the next processes were chosen for supporting structure.When the graft size met the tip position,the caudal margin of the framework could be beyond the maximum stretch position of the lower lateral cartilage and reached or was close to the expected tip position.When the graft size was insufficient,auricular cartilage was used to hold the caudal margin of the framework to extend or to heighten the framework further.Refined plasty of nasal tip was as follows:when the end of framework was higher than or equal to the dome above 3 mm,auricular cartilage strip was used to reconstruct the dome;when less than 3 mm,multilayer onlay grafts were used to heighten the dome.Results From May 2013 to May 2015,42 cases were followed up from 6 months to 18 months.18 cases belonged to the type 1,including 13 cases using ear cartilage to reconstruct dome,5 cases using onlay graft;24 cases belonged to the type 2,including 14 cases using onlay graft and 10 cases using ear cartilage to reconstruct the dome.They all got good results.Conclusions To the insufficient lining cases,the appropriate method can be chosen to form stable tip framework according to the preoperative design and the graft size.Then onlay grafts or dome reconstruction technique is used to form the tip.Most of the insufficient-lining cases can get satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the safety of paroxetine in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia. Methods Ninety elderly patients who met Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, 2nd Rev Ed, (CCMD 2 R) for elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia were randomly divided into paroxetine group (30 cases), alprazolam group (30 cases), and placebo group (30 cases) for 12 weeks as a course. Effects were evaluated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and treatment emergence symptoms scale (TESS) before and after the 4th, 8th, 12th week of treatment. Results The excellent response rate of paroxetine group and alprazolam group were 83% and 53% respectively( P

Aim To observe the inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin combined with COX-2 inhibitor on S180 sarcoma and their possible antitumor mechanisms.Methods The ICR mice model of the subcutaneous transplanting tumor was established by S180 sarcoma to investigate the treatment effect of dihydroartemisinin and COX-2 inhibitor.Expressions of VEGF,COX-2 and CD31 in S180 sarcoma were detected and the amount of leukocyte was also observed.Results Dihydroartemisinin combined with COX-2 inhibitor could potently inhibit tumor growth and inflammation.The maximal antitumor rate reached 55.38%.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were weakened by dihydroartemisinin and COX-2 inhibitor,versus the control groups.Further,RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA was also effectively decreased.Finally,a significant down-regulation effect of COX-2 and VEGF protein expression was observed.Conclusions Dihydroartemisinin combined with COX-2 inhibitor can significantly inhibit S180 tumor.The antitumor mechanism of these two drugs might be closely related to the effect of COX-2 and VEGF expression suppression.