Objective To assess the alterations of the systolic peak radial strain (RS) and the time to systolic peak radial strain(TRS) in ischemic myocardial segments with different extent of coronary artery stenosis using three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI).Methods RS and TRS of 16 left ventricular segments were analyzed by 3D-STI in 87 patients,every left ventricular segment of all patients were divided into 5 groups according to coronary stenosis based on the results of selected coronary angiography:normal,≤25 ％,＞25 ％ - ≤50 ％,＞50 ％ - ≤ 75 ％,＞ 75 ％.All times were corrected by heart rate.Results In the coronary normal group,coronary stenosis extent ≤25％ group and coronary stenosis extent ＞25％ - ≤50％ group,the variance of RS was non-significant( P ＞0.05).Compared with the coronary normal group,coronary stenosis extent ≤25％ group and coronary stenosis extent ＞ 25％ -≤ 50％ group,RS was decreased in groups of coronary stenosis ＞50％ - ≤75％ and ＞75％.Between the coronary normal group and coronary stenosis extent ≤25 ％ group,the variance of TRS was non-significant( P ＞0.05).Compared with coronary normal and coronary stenosis extent ≤25 ％ group,TRS was increased in groups of coronary stenosis ＞25％ - ≤50％,＞50％ - ≤75％,＞75％.Compared with group of coronary stenosis ＞ 50％ -≤ 75％,TRS was shorter in group of coronary stenosis ＞ 75％,some variance was significant( P ＜0.05).Conclusions The RS was decreased along with the coronary stenosis increase,but TRS was increased along with the coronary stenosis increase.There is a tendency that TRS was decreased when the coronary stenosis is more than 75 ％ compared with the coronary stenosis ＞50％ - ≤75 ％ group.3D-STI can access the regional radial systolic function of the ischemic myocardial segment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of pyruvate Ringer' s solution on erythrocyte deformation function in the patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in vitro.Methods Thirteen patients of both sexes,aged 25-64 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (NAHY Ⅱ or Ⅲ),scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement under CPB were enrolled in the study.At 10 and 60 min of CPB (T1,2) and 60 min after termination of CPB (T3),blood samples 18 ml were drawn from the radial artery and each patient's blood sample was equally divided into 6 parts (3 ml per part).The blood samples were divided into 3 groups (n =13 each):control group (group C),lactated Ringer's solution group (group R),and pyruvate Ringer's solution group (group P).In C,R and P groups,normal saline 1 ml,lactated Ringer's solution 1 ml,and pyruvate Ringer's solution 1 ml were added,respectively,and then the erythrocytes were incubated for 60 min at 37 ℃.At 30 and 60 min of incubation,the erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI) and erythrocyte deformation index (EDI) were detected.Results Compared with C and R groups,the ERI was significantly decreased at 30 and 60 min of incubation at T1,the EDI was decreased at 30 min of incubation at T1,2,and no significant change was found in ERI at T2,3 or in EDI at T3 in group P.There was no significant difference in ERI and EDI at different time points of incubation within groups.Conclusion Pyruvate Ringer's solution can enhance erythrocyte deformation function in the patients undergoing CPB.

Objective To determine the plasma concentration of cytarabine(Ara-C) in children with leukemia and obtain dynamics parameters, and investigate the relationship between the parameters and clinical effect in order to provide the basis for optimization of Ara-C application. Methods Using highperformance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) to determine the plasma concentration of Ara-C, its metabolite Ara-U and infusion rate in 37 children with acute leukemia, their therapeutic reaction, remission, treatment-related infection, side-effect and long-term treatment effect were analyzed in statistic. Results Ara-C by 1～2 g/m2 intravenous drop infusion for 2 hours, the peak plasma concentration time was 2 h and peak concentration were (14.37-84.44)μmol/L, and the median was (41.42±22.80)μmol/L. The median infusion rate was 869.57at 30 minutes after Ara-C drip completion, its average level was (253.40±81.49) μmol/L, over six-times than Ara-C peak concentration. The median continuous complete remission time in 37 children was 29.8 months (5.0～53.1 months), 3y-DFS was (90.63±5.15)%. The therapy-related infection rate was 56.8 %(21/37),including three children (8.1 %) suffered from severe infection, but there was no therapy-related death and no children were off the protocol due to poor tolerance. Conclusion As post-remission treatment, high-dose Ara-C would not cause cumulation in vivo in children with acute leukemia and side-effect were slight. Ara-C could improve the long-term continuous complete remission rate and clinical cure rate for children with leukemia. Therefore, it was worth to apply in clinical.

Objective To explore the association of expression of apoptosis-associated gene BAK and cFLIP with the biological behaviors in endometriosis. Methods The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in eutopic and ectopic tissue samples from 40 cases with pathologically confirmed ovarian endometriosis and 40 cases with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results ①The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene was found in three groups of different endometrial tissue. ②The expression of BAK protein gene was increased gradually in ectopic endometrial , eutopic endometrium and normal tissue and there was significantly difference between every two groups ,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P <0.05); ③In normal endometrium, The expression of BAK protein gene in secretory phase was higher than that in proliferative phase (P < 0.05), while cFLIP was contrary expressed, in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrial tissue , The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in secretive phase showed no statistically significant difierence with that in proliferative phase (P > 0.05). ④The expression of BAK protein gene in severe group (Ⅲ-Ⅳ period) is lower than mild group both in eutopic or ectopic endometrial tissues,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P < 0.05). ⑤The expression of BAK and cFLIP was negatively correlated with each other in ectopic endometrium (r=-0.389,P< 0.05). Conclusion BAK and cFLIP was negatively expressed in EMS, which may take a part in the endometrial apoptosis and disorderly proliferation. BAK and cFLIP may play an important role in the the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on improving left ventricle (LV) function and LV asynchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)using three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI).MethodsTwenty one patients with DCM and 25 normal subjects were enrolled in this study.Parameters including LV mean longitudinal peak strain (MLS),LV mean circumferential peak strain (MCS),LV mean radial peak strain (MRS),LV ejection fraction(3D-LVEF),maximal temporal difference in area strain of LV 16 segments (A-MaxTs) and its standard deviation (A-Ts-SD) were investigated by 3D-STI.LV ejection fraction (ECT-LVEF) and LV phase angle width (LVW) were obtained by radionuclide ventriculography and phase image analysis.Results The indexes of MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF were decreased and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD were prolonged in DCM group compared with those of control group.There was a slightly improvement in MRS and ECTLVEF 1 week after CRT,but other Parameters including MLS,MCS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD and 3D-LVEF had no significant change.Compared with corresponding values before and 1 week after CRT,all parameters (MCS,MRS,A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD,3D-LVEF and ECT-LVEF) were further improved 6 months after CRT.MLS,MCS,MRS and 3D-LVEF had good relationship with ECT-LVEF,and A-MaxTs,A-Ts-SD had good relationship with LVW in DCM group.Conclusions3D-STI is a simple and accurate method for evaluating effects of CRT on improving LV function and LV asynchrony in patients with DCM.

Objective Modified the medium that can increase single\|clone formed rate and confirmed the single clone spheres had the multipotential of differentation. Methods We modified the medium, that is, the medium contained half of primary culture medium and half of fresh culture medium. A great deal of neurospheres dervied from a single cell were plated averagely into 24 well plates and added into the DMEM differentiation medium (containing serum). After culturing for 14 days, cultures were stained with the neuronal\| ang glial\|specific markers (MAP\|2 for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes and CNP for oligodendrocytes). Results Each 96 well plate containing half of primary culture medium generated two to three single clone spheres, in control plate containing only fresh medium generated half to one single clone sphere. After differentiation, these cell clones expressed MAP\|2, GFAP and CNP positive respectively.Conclusion\ Using half of primary culture medium can increase single\|clone formed rate and these cell clones had the multipotential of differentiation.\;[

Objective To evaluate the effects of ginkgolide B on inducing neural stem cells differentiating into neurons. Methods A great deal of single cell clone neurospheres raised from single cell and proliferated by the technology of serum\|free culture and single cell clone.Suspensions of cell clone neurospheres were plated equably into 24 well plates and added into the 10% FBS differentiation medium containing ginkgolide B,BDNF or without any factor.Cultures were terminated at 7 and 14 days respectively.MAP\|2,neuron\|specific marker,were used to mark neurons by immunofluorescence.MAP\|2 positive neurons were observed and counted by fluorescence microscope.The area and perimeter of these positive neurons were analyzed. Results The number of MAP\|2 positive neurons in ginkgolide B group is more than that in the control group in two periods.The area and perimeter of MAP\|2 positive neurons in ginkgolide B group were markedly larger than those in the control group at 7 and 14 days after cultured,but it's less than those in the BDNF group.Conclusion\ Neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons by ginkgolide B which has the similar role to BDNF.\;[

Objective To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods From March 2003 to January 2008, a total of 16 cases of AIP were reviewed retrospectively. Results The ratio of male: female was 15:1, with a mean age of 61 years old (range:47-79 years old). Jaundice was the main clinical presentation in 81.2% patients. 68.8% patients presented with high serum gammaglobulin, while 66.7% with high serum IgG, 56.2% with elevated ESR, 50.0% with positive rheumatoid factor(RF), 43.7% with eosinophilia, 26.7% with positive antinuclear antigen(ANA),31.2% with elevated lipase, 18.7% with elevated amylase, and 25.0% with elevated CA19-9. 93.7%patients showed diffuse swelling of the pancreas on CT and/or endoscopic ultrasound. Stricture of the main pancreatic duct was seen in 100% patients. Distal common bile duct stricture was seen in 87.5%, while thickened wall of bile duct was seen in 50%. Histological findings of the pancreas EUS-FNA showed nonspecific results in one patient, while no tumor cell was detected in other 5 patients; lymphocytes infiltration was noted in 3 patients; pancreatic fibrosis was seen in 2 patients. 75.0% patients was found to have diabetes or abnormal sugar tolerance, enlargement of the celiac lymph nodes in 43.7%, splenic vein or inferior cava vein involvement in 42.9%, swelling of the maxillary glands in 18.7%, the lacrimal glands in 12%. Prednisone was given to 11 patients, among them 5 patients underwent endoscopic stent placement, and 10 patients responded well while 1 patient discontinued therapy due to intolerance. 2 patients underwent endoscopic stent placement alone and jaundice disappeared. 3 patients received conventional medical treatment. Steroid therapy exerted different effects on levels of the blood glucose, the enlarged maxillary and lacrimal glands improved after steroid therapy. Conclusions AIP occurred in middle aged and senior male predominantly, painless obstructive jaundice was the main clinical presentation, and patients may be accompanied with elevated levels of IgG, hypergammaglobulin, positive RF and ANA, diffuse or focal pancreatic enlargement, pancreatic duct stricture and distal common bile duct stricture. Stent placement could improve the symptoms, and steroid therapy was effective.

Objective To evaluate the effects of modified ultrafiltration on the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced lung injury in dogs.Methods Eighteen healthy adult dogs of either sex,weighing 15-20 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each):control group (group C),group CPB and modified ultrafiltration group (group MUF).The dogs were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2.5％pentobarbital 25 mg/kg.Thoracotomy was performed in all the three groups and in addition lung injury was produced by CPB in CPB and MUF groups.In group MUF,modified ultrafiltration was performed at 10-15 min after termination of CPB.Arterial blood samples were collected before mechanical ventilation (T1),at end of CPB (T2),and at 1 h after termination of CPB (T3) to calculate respiration index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI).The lungs were removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes in lung tissues under light microscope and for detection of AQP1 mRNA expression by real-time PCR.Results RI and OI were significantly higher and AQP1 mRNA expression was lower at T2 and T3 than at T1 in CPB and MUF groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,RI was significantly increased and AQP1 mRNA expression was down-regulated at T2,3 in CPB and MUF groups,and OI at T2.3 in CPB group and at T2 in MUF group was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CBP,RI was significantly decreased,OI was increased and AQP1 mRNA expression was up-regulated at T3 in group MUF (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Modified ultrafiltration can reduce CPB-induced lung injury in dogs and upregulation of AQP1 may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the role of aquaporin 1(AQPI)expression in the cartiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced lung injury in dogs.Methods Twenty-four healthy dogs,weighing 15-20 kg,were randomly divided into 4 group(n =6 each):control group(group C),acetazolamide Ⅰ group(group A Ⅰ),acetazolamide Ⅱ group(group A Ⅱ),and acetazolarnide Ⅲ group(group AⅢ).Lung injury was produced by CPB.The traditional priming solution was infused in group C.Priming solutions containing acetaaolamide 20,40 and 60 mg/kgwere infused in groups A Ⅰ,A Ⅱ and A Ⅲ respectively.Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery before mechanical ventilation,at the end of CPB and at 1 h after end of CPB(T1-3)for arterial blood gas analysis.Respiration index(RI)and oxygenation index(OI)were calculated.The lung specimens were oblained for determination of AQPI mRNA and protein expression(by RT-PCR and Western blot)and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of the lung were scored.Results Compared with group C,P(A-a)O2,RI and the pathological score were significantly increased at T2.3,OI was significantly decreased at T2.3,and AQP1 protein expression was down-regulated at T2.3 in groups A Ⅰ,A Ⅱ and AⅢ,and AQP1 mRNA expression was down-regulated at T2.3 in groups AⅡ and AⅢ(P＜0.05).Compared with group A Ⅰ,P(A-a)O2,RI and the pathological score were significantly increased at T2.3,OI was significantly decreased at T2.3,and AQP1 protein expression was down-regulated at T2.3 in groups A Ⅱ and AⅢ,and AQP1 mRNA expression was down-regulated at T2.3 ingroup A Ⅲ(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group A Ⅱ,RI and the pathological score were significantly increased at T2.3,and AQP1 protein expression was down-regulated at T2.3 in group A Ⅲ(P ＜ 0.05).Conclutsion Down-regulation of AQPI expression is involved in the CPB-induced lung injury in dogs.