Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

INTRODUCTION: Lecanemab has shown promise in treating early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its safety and efficacy in Chinese populations remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and 6-month clinical outcomes of lecanemab in Chinese patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. METHODS: In this single-arm, real-world study, participants with MCI due to AD or mild AD received biweekly intravenous lecanemab (10 mg/kg). The study was conducted at Hainan Branch, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Patient enrollment and baseline assessments commenced in November 2023. Safety assessments included monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and other adverse events. Clinical and biomarker changes from baseline to 6 months were evaluated using cognitive scales (mini-mental state examination [MMSE], montreal cognitive assessment [MoCA], clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes [CDR-SB]), plasma biomarker analysis, and advanced neuroimaging. RESULTS: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this ongoing real-world study. Safety analysis revealed predominantly mild adverse events, with infusion-related reactions (20.3%, 13/64) being the most common. Of these, 69.2% (9/13) occurred during the initial infusion and 84.6% (11/13) did not recur. ARIA-H (microhemorrhages/superficial siderosis) and ARIA-E (edema/effusion) were observed in 9.4% (6/64) and 3.1% (2/64) of participants, respectively, with only two symptomatic cases (one ARIA-E presenting with headache and one ARIA-H with visual disturbances). After 6 months of treatment, cognitive scores remained stable compared to baseline (MMSE: 22.33 ± 5.58 vs . 21.27 ± 4.30, P = 0.733; MoCA: 16.38 ± 6.67 vs . 15.90 ± 4.78, P = 0.785; CDR-SB: 2.30 ± 1.65 vs . 3.16 ± 1.72, P = 0.357), while significantly increasing plasma amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) (+21.42%) and Aβ40 (+23.53%) levels compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Lecanemab demonstrated a favorable safety profile in Chinese patients with early AD. Cognitive stability and biomarker changes over 6 months suggest potential efficacy, though high dropout rates and absence of a control group warrant cautious interpretation. These findings provide preliminary real-world evidence for lecanemab's use in China, supporting further investigation in larger controlled studies. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT07034222.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Biomarkers ; East Asian People

Rhamnogalacturonan Ⅱ(RG-Ⅱ)is one of the structural domains of pectin whose structure is highly conserved among species.The main chain of RG-Ⅱ consists of approximately nine galacturonic acids linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds,with six well-defined side chains replacing them(A-F).The structures of the disaccharide side chains C and D and the monosaccharide side chains E and F in RG-Ⅱ from different sources remain essentially the same.In contrast,the oligosaccharide side chains A and B showed slight variability.Structural characterization of RG-Ⅱ can be achieved by molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,and mass spectrometry.The polysaccharides containing RG-Ⅱ structural domains in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)have high medicinal value.Isolation of RG-Ⅱ can be achieved using endo-polygalacturonase(Endo-PG)and Penicillium oxalicum.A substantial number of RG-Ⅱ standards can be rapidly prepared from red wine for the development of new quantitative methods to realize the quality control of active polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines and to promote the research process of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective:To determine the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.Methods:This study was a secondary data analysis based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which involved 293 723 participants (educational attainment) from the Social Science Genetics Association Consortium and 462 013 participants [allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema] from the UK Biobank. Genetic variants that were closely related to educational attainment were identified as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR analyses, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method and weighted model-based estimation, were performed to investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, in which the odds ratio ( OR) values were used as indicators. Results:A total of 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as instrumental variables. The MR-Egger regression results suggested that the genetic pleiotropy was unlikely to bias our results ( P=0.107). In the univariable MR analyses, IVW regression showed that the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema was OR=1.044 (95% CI: 1.020-1.069, P<0.001) and OR=1.170 (95% CI: 1.074-1.256, P<0.001), respectively, for the increase in the duration of education by one year or one standard deviation ( SD) (3.71 years). In the reverse MR analysis, IVW regression showed little evidence that allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema affected educational attainment ( OR=1.020, 95% CI: 0.927-1.023, P=0.683). The results of the weighted median method and weighted mode-based estimation were consistent with the results of IVW. Conclusion:This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, which means that educational attainment can increase the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema.

Objective:To determine the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.Methods:This study was a secondary data analysis based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which involved 293 723 participants (educational attainment) from the Social Science Genetics Association Consortium and 462 013 participants [allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema] from the UK Biobank. Genetic variants that were closely related to educational attainment were identified as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR analyses, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method and weighted model-based estimation, were performed to investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, in which the odds ratio ( OR) values were used as indicators. Results:A total of 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as instrumental variables. The MR-Egger regression results suggested that the genetic pleiotropy was unlikely to bias our results ( P=0.107). In the univariable MR analyses, IVW regression showed that the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema was OR=1.044 (95% CI: 1.020-1.069, P<0.001) and OR=1.170 (95% CI: 1.074-1.256, P<0.001), respectively, for the increase in the duration of education by one year or one standard deviation ( SD) (3.71 years). In the reverse MR analysis, IVW regression showed little evidence that allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema affected educational attainment ( OR=1.020, 95% CI: 0.927-1.023, P=0.683). The results of the weighted median method and weighted mode-based estimation were consistent with the results of IVW. Conclusion:This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, which means that educational attainment can increase the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema.

Background Multimorbidity imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. There are relatively few studies exploring patterns of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. Objective To explore the current status of multimorbidity, associated risk factors, and multimorbidity patterns among adults aged 45-64 years in China, so as to provide a scientific basis to prevent and control multimorbidity in China. Methods A total of 5494 adults aged 45-64 years from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018 were selected. Of these, 2494 (45.39%) were men and 3000 (54.61%) were women. The nine diseases included were hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), myocardial infarction, stroke, asthma, and tumor. The prevalence of each disease or multimorbidity was expressed as N (%). Comparisons of multimorbidity prevalence between different groups were performed using the χ² test or Cochran-Armitage trend test. Association rule with the Apriori algorithm was used to explore the pattern of multimorbidity, with parameters set at a minimum conditional support of 3.00%, a minimum rule confidence of 50.00%, and a lift of >1.20. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between selected risk factors and multimorbidity. Results In 2018, 37.44% of participants reported multimorbidity in 15 provinces of China. The prevalence of diseases in descending order was dyslipidaemia (39.99%), hypertension (39.48%), obesity (16.42%), MCI (14.47%), diabetes (14.16%), tumor (1.09%), stroke (1.04%), myocardial infarction (0.71%), and asthma (0.64%). A total of seven multimorbidity patterns were identified in this group. Obesity paired with hypertension, and diabetes paired with dyslipidemia were the two major patterns of multimorbidity in the general population and age or sex subgroups. The multimorbidity patterns of different populations were concentrated in the combination of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The risk of multimorbidity was lower in females than in males (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.97). The multimorbidity risk was 1.56 times higher in the 55-64 years group than in the 45-54 years group (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.40, 1.75). Drinking in the past year increased the risk of multimorbidity by 25% (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.45) compared to no alcohol comsumption in the past year. High and medium levels of physical activity were associated with a decreased OR (high: OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.85; medium: OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.93) with low level of physical activity as reference. Conclusion In 2018, there was a high prevalence rate of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. The main multimorbidity patterns were obesity-hypertension and diabetes-dyslipidemia. Surveillance and interventions should be strengthened particularly for men, individuals with alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity, and those with major multimorbidity patterns.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidence rate of low-level viremia(LLV)in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients and related influencing factors,and to provide evidence-based medicine evidence for effective intervention and prevention of LLV in clinical practice.Methods This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline,with a PROSPERO registration number of CRD42023455304.CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane library were searched for observational studies on LLV and related influencing factors in CHB patients published up to July 21,2023.Stata 16.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Results A total of 12 articles were included,with a total sample size of 3408 cases,among whom there were 1181 patients with LLV.The meta-analysis showed that the incidence rate of LLV was 32.8%(95%confidence interval[CI]:27.6%—38.3%)in treatment-experienced CHB patients.High HBsAg quantification(odds ratio[OR]=2.107,95%CI:1.782—2.491,P<0.001),positive HBeAg(OR=3.258,95%CI:2.629—4.038,P<0.001),high HBV DNA level at baseline(OR=1.286,95%CI:1.157—1.430,P<0.001),and history of entecavir treatment(OR=3.089,95%CI:1.880—5.074,P<0.001)were risk factors for LLV;duration of antiviral therapy≥3 years(OR=0.175,95%CI:0.093—0.331,P<0.001)and high alanine aminotransferase level at baseline(OR=0.985,95%CI:0.978—0.992,P<0.001)were protective factors against LLV.The sensitivity analysis showed no significant change in effective value,suggesting that the results of the meta-analysis were relatively stable.The funnel plot of the studies included was basically symmetrical,and the results of the Egger's test and the Begg's test suggested that there was no obvious publication bias in the articles included.Conclusion Clinicians should guide decision making based on the influencing factors for LLV and related clinical evidence,so as to reduce long-term clinical risks and avoid adverse outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and their warning effectiveness for postoperative intestinal barrier dysfunction (IBD) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 101 patients with sTBI admitted to Wuxi Branch of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from May 2020 to February 2023, including 63 males and 38 females, aged 21-81 years [(53.4±14.2)years]. All the patients underwent emergency surgery. The patients were divided into IBD group ( n=67) and non-IBD group ( n=34) according to whether or not they had IBD after surgery. The gender, age, basic diseases (hypertension and diabetes), types of intracranial hematoma (subdural, epidural, and intracerebral hematoma), preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), cerebral hernia, intraoperative initial intracranial pressure (iICP), operation time, removal of bone flap, treatment time in ICU, initiation time of enteral nutrition, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were recorded in the two groups. Univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the correlations between above-mentioned indicators and incidence of postoperative IBD in sTBI patients and determine the independent risk factors for sTBI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the warning effectiveness of each risk factor for IBD. Results:The results of the univariate analysis showed that preoperative GCS, cerebral hernia, intraoperative iICP, removal of bone flap, treatment time in ICU, initiation time of enteral nutrition, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were significantly correlated with the incidence of IBD in sTBI patients ( P<0.05 or 0.01), while there were no correlations of IBD with gender, age, basic diseases, types of intracranial hematoma and operation time ( P>0.05). The results of the multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative GCS≤5 points ( OR=2.49, 95% CI 1.17, 5.32, P<0.05), intraoperative iICP>23 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)( OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.39, P<0.05), and initiation time of enteral nutrition>24 hours ( OR=10.03, 95% CI 1.26, 80.21, P<0.05) were highly correlated with postoperative IBD in sTBI patients. The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that intraoperative iICP had the highest warning value (AUC=0.91, 95% CI 0.85, 0.96), followed by preoperative GCS (AUC=0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95), and initiation time of enteral nutrition had the lowest warning value (AUC=0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87). Conclusions:Preoperative GCS≤5 points, intraoperative iICP>23 mmHg, and initiation time of enteral nutrition>24 hours are independent risk factors for postoperative IBD in sTBI patients. The warning value of intraoperative iICP ranks the highest for postoperative IBD in sTBI patients, followed by preoperative GCS, with initiation time of enteral nutrition having the lowest warning value.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-connections and four-screwings technique in the treatment of high double column acetabular fractures through a single ilioinguinal approach.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 42 patients who had been treated for high double column acetabular fractures from June 2017 to June 2020 at Trauma Ward 2, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Changde. There were 19 males and 23 females with an age of (42.7±25.6) years. 29 injuries were due to a traffic accident, 12 ones to fall from a height, and one to fall. The time from injury to operation was (4.5±2.1) days. All the patients were treated by the three-connections and four-screwings technique through a single ilioinguinal approach. Briefly, the anterior column was connected and secured to the main bone using 3 routes, and the posterior column was attached and fixated to the anterior column reset using 2 or 3 of the 4 screwings. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture reduction quality, fracture healing time, hip function at the last follow-up and complications during the follow-up were recorded.Results:For this cohort, the operation time was (150.0±30.5) min, and intraoperative blood loss (300.0±50.0) mL. According to the Matta scale for postoperative acetabular fracture reduction, 34 cases were excellent, 6 cases good, and 2 cases acceptable, with an excellent and good rate of 95.2% (40/42). After operation one patient had fat liquefaction and wound exudation which responded to drainage and dressing change. The 42 patients were followed up for (15.0±3.4) months. All fractures healed after (11.0±2.0) months. By the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel scoring system, the hip function was evaluated at the last follow-up as excellent in 33 cases, as good in 6 cases, and as fair in 3 cases, yielding an excellent and good rate of 92.9% (39/42).Conclusions:In the treatment of high double column acetabular fractures, the three-connections and four-screwings technique through a single ilioinguinal approach can lead to fine reduction and rigid fixation by lag screw compression and neutralization plate protection. Consequently, early functional exercises can be performed to secure good therapeutic outcomes for the patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST).Methods:The clinicopathological data and follow-up data of 12 patients with OYST admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of OYST patients were summarized.Results:(1) The age of 12 patients with OYST ranged from 11 to 37 years, with a median age of 20 years. At the first visit, all 12 patients had pelvic masses. Reasons for seeing a doctor: 6 cases of abdominal distension and abdominal pain, 4 cases of mass in the lower abdomen, 1 case of vaginal bleeding, and 1 case of appendicitis. International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) 2014 staging: 4 cases in stage Ⅰa, 2 cases in stage Ⅰc, 1 case in stage Ⅱc, 4 cases in stage Ⅲc, and 1 case in stage Ⅳb. (2) All 12 patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasound before operation, among which 10 cases showed unilateral adnexal masses and 2 cases bilateral adnexal masses. The median maximum diameter of tumor was 16.5 cm (range: 6.0-28.0 cm). The preoperative levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in 12 patients (all >1 210 μg/L) were significantly higher than normal (<25 μg/L). Among the 11 patients with cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) detection results, 9 patients showed elevated serum CA 125 levels. (3) Among the 12 patients, 8 young infertile patients who needed to preserve their reproductive function underwent appendectomy, 3 infertile patients underwent staged surgery for ovarian malignant germ cell tumor, and only one bilateral lesion and infertile patient underwent unsatisfactory staged surgery for ovarian malignant germ cell tumor. Of the 12 patients, 11 patients were given combined chemotherapy regimen of bleomycin, cisplatin, and etoposide (BEP) after operation. One patient without chemotherapy developed metastasis 3 months after operation, and was given BEP chemotherapy, and her condition was controlled. (4) The deadline for follow-up was December 31st, 2022, and the median follow-up time was 60 months (range: 25-115 months). All the 12 patients survived without tumor during the follow-up period, and the median disease-free survival time was 84.5 months (range: 25-115 months). Conclusions:OYST mostly occurs in children and young women. Color Doppler ultrasound examination and serum AFP and CA 125 detection have diagnostic value for OYST. Surgical treatment after diagnosis of OYST includes surgery to preserve reproductive function and timely and standardized chemotherapy after operation. The prognosis of patients is good regardless of stage.