This report described the cell ultrastructure in six cases of non-granulocytic leukaemia (two cases each for acute lymphocytic, and acute monocytic leukaemia, and two for multiple myeloma) .According to their ultrastructural characteristics, the differential diagnosis of the three leukaemic cell types and the nature of their dense granules and cytoplasmic fibrils under the electron microscopy have been discussed.

To construct a repetitive, objective and consecutive system for evaluating the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in vivo, a sterile polyvinyl alcohol sponge disc was implanted into the subcutaneous part of rat and five days later pCMV 4 VEGF 165 expressed plasmid and empty vector pCMV 4 were injected into the sponge, respectively. 7 and 11 days after injection, the tissue ingrowth in the implants and expression of VEGF gene in the serum, the tissues in the sponge and the liver were measured by RT polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) .The pathological section of sponge was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry of Ⅷ factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. The tissue ingrowth in the implants was analysed by image analysis system and statistical analysis was done with Stata Software. The results indicated that the expression of VEGF gene was located at the injection site and promoted the tissue ingrowth in the implants. In brief, the angiogenesis of VEGF was successfully observed using the sponge implant model, which provides lays the theoretical foundation for local gene therapy of ischemic diseases.

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory feature of disseminated Penicillium marneffei(PSM) infection in patients with AIDS and to analysis treatment and prognosis. Methods Study clinical data of eight case with PSM infection in patients with AIDS in our hospital from 1999 were definite diagnosed PSM infection in patients with AIDS. Results (1)Eight patients including five females, at a mean age of 26～53, suffered from the diseases for a period of 1～4 months;(2)The most common clinical presentations include fever, stomatomycosis, lymphadenectasis papular skin lesion, anemia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, Plenomegaly, Herpes progenitalis, Subcutaneous nodule, Pleural effusion, bad bone ache. Laboratory examination showed elevated hepatic enzymes,coagulated dysfunction,hemocytopenia. Chest X-ray showed nonspecific include bilateval interstitial or alveolar. (3) Fungus cultured: yeast like cells were found in the culture at 37℃ or in tissues. The fungi outside the host cells were elongated, often curved, Sausage like and with clear cemral septate. When cultured at 25℃,the fungus was mycelia-like and produced a characteristic red Pigment, diffusing into the medium. (4) CD4 cell count was reduced significantly, HIV-RNA was high.(5)Mortality was high. Conclusions Definite diagnosis of disseminated Penicillium marneffei requires culture of the pathogenic fungus from clinical specimens. No specific clinical manifestation for Penicillum marneffei infection was found and Amphotericin B are effective in treating penicillosis marmeffei.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor that occurs during childhood;it has a significant heterogene-ity in clinical symptoms and outcome. NB diagnosis is complicated, and various clinical techniques are often involved in examining im-agery, cellular morphology, immunohistochemical staining, gene and molecule biology, and operation excision scope. Diagnoses are graded based on danger extent, which is indicated by clinical stages and unfavorable prognosis factors. These characteristics are the ba-sis for formulating the corresponding synthetic treatment plan. Limited studies are available on treatment norms for adult cases of NB;such cases are currently diagnosed and treated in accordance with child NB diagnosis and treatment norms. An adult patient diagnosed with NB stage 4 is presented. This patient experienced obvious relief from the symptoms after whole body chemotherapy, with further surgery operation indications. This successful case of multi-disciplinary joint diagnosis and cooperative treatment may provide potential treatment techniques for similar patients.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Tai chi on quality of life of breast cancer patients. Methods Articles from 10 English and Chinese Databases from inception to March 2012 were recalled. 2 researchers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligible trials, methodological quality was assessed according to risk of bias items. Meta-analysis would be used if data available. Results 4 randomized trials with 169 participants were included. All trials had high risk of bias. 2 studies demonstrated significant improvement in Tai chi group for improving shoulder functional capacity which caused by breast cancer. The meta-analysis failed to demonstrate significant effects of Tai chi compared with control interventions (psychological support therapy, standard health care, routine rehabilitation training) in improving quality of life (SMD 0.03, 95%CI: -0.85, 0.91, P=0.94). Conclusion Tai chi is effective on shoulder functional capacity of breast cancer, but not significantly on quality of life.

Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of fourteen dyes in hair dying formulations.Methods Dyes were separated on a amide bonded C_(16) silica column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5?m),the target analytes were ion-paired prior to HPLC analysis with elution employing methanol-0.025 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH=6.0) containing 1 g/L 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt as mobile phase and detection by a photodiode array detector with the detection wavelength of 230 nm and 280 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the column temperature was 25℃.Results The linear range were 10-500 mg/L,the detection limits were 0.3-2.0 mg/L,the coeffieients of variation were less than 10%(except 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol at low concentration) and the recovery rates were 71.3%-118.5%.Conclusion The methods of high performance liquid chromatography introduced in this paper is simple,rapid,accurate and is applicable to the analysis of various hair dyes.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of radiotherapy combined with xeloda monotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with rectal cancer.Methods 80 elderly patients with rectal cancer were retrospectively collected.The patients were assigned into study group (n=43) or control group (n=37) according to the treatment way.The study group adopted radiotherapy combined with xeloda,while the control group only treated with radiotherapy.The main indicators included major clinical outcomes (3-year survival rate,recurrence rate,progression free survival),and postoperative health related quality of life and major complications of the two groups were observed.Results Compared with the control group,the 3-year recurrence rate of the study group decreased significantly (25.58% vs.48.65%,x2=4.579,P=0.032);the progression free survival was significantly prolonged [(42.58±7.63)months vs.(34.95±6.30)months,t=7.495,P=0.000];the quality of health related life after 1 year increased significantly [(75.50±8.11) vs.(69.76±9.58),t=3.295,P=0.002].There were no significant differences in postoperative major complications (granulocyte reduction,diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,hand foot syndrome and sensory neuropathy) and 3-year survival rate between the two groups (all P>0.05).ConclusionRadiotherapy combined with xeloda chemotherapy helps improve progression free survival and recurrence rate in elderly patients with rectal cancer.

Objective To compare different equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Hospitalized patients with CKD from the nephrology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) were recruited between December 2014 and May 2015.The calculations of eGFR and 24 h creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were accomplished in three days after admission.The eGFRs were calculated separately using the 24 h creatinine clearance rate adjusted by the standard body surface area (Ccr_BSA),Cockcroft-Gault equation adjusted by the standard body surface area (eCcr_BSA),CKD-EPI creatinine equation (EPI_Cr),CKD-EPI cystatin C equation (EPI_CysC),CKDEPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (EPI_Cr_CysC),simplified MDRD (MDRD) and China MDRD equations.The EPI_Cr_CysC equation was used as the standard and the precision and accuracy of the other six equations were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 403 CKD participants were enrolled in the study,with 228 male patients and a mean age of (54.9± 18.4) years.The main primary diseases were chronic glomerulonephritis (43.7％) and diabetic nephropathy (13.2％).The median concentration of serum creatinine and cystatin C were 117.5 (69.7,242.4) μmol/L and 1.80 (1.13,3.31) mg/L,respectively.The median values of Ccr_BSA,eCcr_BSA,MDRD,China MDRD,EPI_Cr,EPI_CysC and EPI_Cr_CysC equations were 50.8 (21.1,96.2),51.9 (23.3,93.2),53.6 (23.0,97.4),52.2(22.4,94.1),53.2 (22.1,97.3),35.1 (15.4,67.0) and 49.1 (22.8,82.3) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,respectively.There was well agreement among MDRD,China MDRD and EPI_Cr equations,while there were large differences between equations derived from CysC (EPI_Cr_CysC and EPI_CysC) and equations derived only from creatinine (EPI_Cr,MDRD,China MDRD,eCcr_BSA,Ccr_BSA equations).Compared with EPI_Cr_CysC equation (the reference equation),EPI_Cr equation showed the highest accuracy [percentage of other eGFR equation calculations that were ＞ 30％ of the reference equation calculations (1-P30),30.8％] while Ccr_BSA equation showed the lowest (1-P30,42.4％).EPI_CysC equation showed the highest precision [inter-quartile range (IQR) of the difference,11.7 ml·min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1] while Ccr_BSA equation showed the lowest [IQR of the difference,22.8 ml· min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1].Conclusions The agreement among equations derived only from creatinine is better;while it exhibits some differences between equations with cystatin C and equations derived only from creatinine.The accuracy of EPI_Cr equation is second only to EPI_Cr_CysC equation and it is currently the most suitable eGFR equation for clinical popularization of renal glomerular function assessment.

Objective To identify potential linkage of cholesterol efflux with the expressions of ATP-binding cassette receptor A1(ABCA1),ABCG1 and scavenger receptor B1(SR-B1) in monocytes derived macrophages of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods and Results Blood was collected from subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated for 72 hours into macrophages,and cholesterol efflux assays,Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were performed.Macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showed a reduction in cholesterol efflux.The mRNA and protein expressions of ABCG1 in macrophages from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly reduced.In contrast,the expression of ABCA1 and SR-B1 was not significantly different in both control subjects and diabetic patients.In addition,cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages to autologous serum and pool serum was significantly correlated with the expression of ABCG1.Conclusion ABCG1 expression and cholesterol efflux are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.This impaired cholesterol efflux significantly correlates with decreased expression of ABCG1.

Objective To explore the effect of dietary fat acids on incretin and islet function in healthy adults .Methods Before each test, healthy subjects received a 1-week pre-experiment eucaloric diet .Fifteen subjects consumed two meals containing different fat acids , including high saturated fat acid ( HSF) and high monounsaturated fat acid ( HMF) .On two separate occasions,they underwent a minimum of 1-week washout between meals .At 0,30,60,120,180 and 240 min following meal intake, the plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides ( TG) and free fatty acid ( FFA) were measured.Results Postprandial glucose did not increase significantly following HSF and HMF meals (P>0.05).Compared with HMF meal, significant increase in AUCins240min,AUCTG240min and AUCFFA240minwas observed following HSF meal (P<0.05).Compared with HMF meal,a significant decrease in AUCGIP30min, AUCGIP240min, AUCGLP-1 30min and AUCGLP-1 240min was found following HSF meal (P<0.05).No significant difference was observed inΔI30/ΔG30 following HSF and HMF meals (P>0.05). AUCI/AUCG was significantly lower following HMF meal as compared with HSF meal (P<0.05).Conclusion This study demonstrates that the function of GIP ,GLP-1 andβcell is affected by the dietary fat acids in healthy adults .The HMF meal may stimulate GIP and GLP-1 secretion to a greater extent than HSF meal .