Objective To investigate whether there was arsenic and selenium pollution besides fluorine pollution in the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion in Zhaotong fluorosis areas were collected,and the cumulation in human hair. Methods In September 2005,the capsicum and corn samples were collected before they were roasted and after roasted by coal-combustion,and the hair samples from people living in Zhaotong fluorosis areas were collected,and the fluorine,arsenic and selenium content in these samples were determined. Results The average arsenic and selenium content in the fresh capsicum not roasted by coal-combustion were 0.034 mg/kg and 0.079 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the capsicum roasted by coal-combustion were 0.463 mg/kg and 1.088 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the fresh corn were 0.019 mg/kg and 0.051 mg/kg respectively. The average arsenic and selenium content in the corn roasted by coal-combustion were 0.058 mg/kg and 0.085 mg/kg respectively. Except for the average selenium content of the capsicum roasted by coal-combustion,others were all within the limits of arsenic and selenium in foods. Conclusion There is not only fluorine pollution in the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion,but also arsenic and selenium pollution. Furthermore,the selenium pollution level was higher than that of arsenic pollution. The arsenic and selenium pollution level in capsicum was higher than that in the corn. Though this arsenic pollution in the capsicum and corn may be harmful for the people living on these capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion to some extent,it was not harmful enough to result in arsenism. Comparing with the arsenic pollution,the selenium pollution in the capsicum and corn may be beneficial for the people eating the capsicum and corn roasted by coal-combustion.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of aldosterone escape in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy by RASI-therapy. Methods A total of 104 patients with non-diabetic nephropathy were treated with ARB or combination therapy of ACEI and ARB in a mean follow-up period of 12 months. Aldosterone escape was determined according to the change of plasma aldosterone concentration before and after treatment during 6-month and 12-month ACEI/ARB treatment, while the influencing factors of aldosterone escape in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy was also analyzed after therapy with RASI . Results In 12 months, the incidence of aldosterone escape was significantly higher than that in 6 months (26.92% vs. 14.42%, P = 0.007). After 12-month treatment, the difference was statistically significant in incidence of aldosterone escape among different stages of CKD (P = 0.027). Compared with 6-month incidence of aldosterone escape in the losartan group, 12-month incidence increased evidently (P = 0.020). The Ald level was positively correlated with urinary protein excretion and the Scr level (r = 0.431, P = 0.003 and r = 0.336, P = 0.009, respectively), and negetively correlated with levels of the eGFR (r = -0.275, P = 0.006). Univariate Logistic regression demonstrated that risk factors of aldosterone escape included pre-treatment values of the urinary protein excretion (OR = 3.671, P = 0.028) and the eGFR (OR = 0.972, P = 0.019). Multivariate Logistic model revealed pre-treatment values of the eGFR was positively associated with aldosterone escape (OR = 0.970, P = 0.012). Conclusion The incidence of the aldosterone escape increases along with the time of treatment. Renal function has correlated with aldosterone escape and pre-treatment value of the eGFR is an independent risk factor of aldosterone escape.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol in treating Tic disorder.Methods78 patients with Tic disorder were randomly divided into the risperidone group and haloperidol group with 39 cases in each group and treated with risperidone and haloperidol respectively for 8 weeks. All patients of two groups were assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) before treatment and at the end of the 2nd, 4th and 8th week after treatment. Dosages of patients of two groups were recorded.ResultsAfter 8 weeks treatment, the average maximum dosage of risperidone was (1.4±0.34)mg, and that of haloperidol was (7.3±0.52)mg. The total effective rate of risperidone group was 82% and that of haloperidol group was 82.3 %. There was no significant difference between two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in risperidone group was 28.2%, and that in haloperidol group was 76.9%. There was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01), especially at the end of 2nd week after treatment.ConclusionRisperidone and haloperidol both are effect on Tic disorder, but safety and compliableness of risperidone are higher.

Objective To probe into the psychological resilience and its influencing factor among parents of children with cancer.Methods A total of 125 parents were investigated by self-designed general information questionnaire,Connor-Davidson psychological resilience scale (CD-RISC),Chinese version of Parents' Perception Uncertainty in Illness Scale (PPUS),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Results The total score of psychological resilience was (54.86±12.88) and the illness uncertainty score was (91.52±14.66).The social support score was moderate with a total score of (39.86±7.99).The anxiety and depression among parents got a total score of (40.08±7.19) and (44.61±7.38) respectively.Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with illness uncertainty and depression,and was positively correlated with the social support.The depression,illness uncertainty,residence,children's age,clinical diagnosis entered into the multiple linear regression equation of psychological resilience,predicting 30.1％ of total variation in psychological resilience.Conclusions Social support,illness uncertainty and depression are the important factors which affect psychological resilience among parents of children with cancer.Nurses should assess the social support that parents receive,the level of depression and the disease feeling of the parents,and provide targeted interventions to relieve it,help to establish effective coping style and improve their psychological state.

ObjectiveTo study the biological characterization and the genetic background of circulating CA16 strains in mainland of China for the purpose of CA16 vaccine development in the future.MethodsCA16 strains were isolated from throat swabs of patients with hand-foot-mouth disease and identified by neutralization assay and RT-PCR.The genotype of these isolates were determined by sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene.The proliferation dynamics and the plaque morphology were observed when propagated in Vero cells.The pathogenicity of these CA16 isolates was evaluated by challenging newborn mice.ResultsIn this study,six CA16 circulating isolates,BJ-1-6 were obtained.The RT-PCR products were 150 bp amplified with the general enterovirus primers and 210 bp with CA16 primers respectively,which cannot be amplified by EV71 primers.Additionally,these isolates were identified to display some obvious proliferation dynamics and plaque morphology when propagated for 96 h in Vero cells.The diameter of plaques were about 1.5 to 2 mm for BJ-1,BJ-2,BJ-4,BJ-6,4-5 mm for BJ-3 and 3 mm for BJ5,the plaques were regular except BJ-3.All the six isolates can be neutralized by the convalescent serum of patient infected with CA16.The virus titer of different isolates propagated for five passages in Vero cells was 7.0LgCCID50/ml.The sequence alignment of VP1 gene demonstrated that the genotypes of BJ-2,BJ-4,BJ5 were C1 and BJ-1,BJ-3,B J-6 were C,3 comparatively.The genetic distance of the VPI gene from theseisolates suggested that they were highly genetic identity with the homology of 90％ in nucleotide and 99％ in dedicated amino acid respectively.However,a distinctive difference in pathogenic ability in neonatal mice was found that the suckling mice challenged with BJ-3 & BJ-5 were paralyzed 4-5 d and dead 6-7d postchallenge,compared with the control group without any abnormality in the during of 14 d.ConclusionThe circulating CA16 isolates in China have different biological characteristics,different pathogenic ability and similar genetic backgrounds,which is helpful for the development of a CA16 vaccine in the future.

Objective Benzothiazole derivative BD960 has immunosuppressive activity after cell -based assays for high-throughput screening.The paper aimed to investigate the involved mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads.Then the T cells were activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The effect of BD960 on activa-ted T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD960 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometer.Cytokine levels, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and IFN-γ, were determined by ELISA. Results BD960 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cells stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner.The IC50 value is (2.3 ±0.3)μmol/L or (2.5 ±0.3)μmol/L, respectively.Moreover, BD960 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on rest-ing T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .The ratio of CD25 expression on T cell was 69.7%after stimulated by Anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs with 72 h, the concentration (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L of BD960 also had no potent effects on the ratio, but 0.1μmol/L FK506 could inhibit CD25 expression as low as 9.4%.The G0/G1 phase of activated T cells was 58.5%after stimulated by BD960 with 96 h.BD960 could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in activated T cells with the increase of concentration and RAPA in the concentration of 0.1 μmol/L was 91.5%.In addition, BD960 (0.625、2.5、10)μmol/L could inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells with the increase of concentration, without any effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Conclusion BD960 not only exerts the inhibition on the late stage of T cell activation of cell proliferation but also inhibits the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ, while the mechanism of BD960 on T cell proliferation was not the same as FK506.As a result, BD960 has the potential to be the lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant.

Obej ctive Abnormal proliferation of T cells plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. The article aimed to study the inhibitory effect of small molecule compound BD691 on T cell proliferation and its mechanism. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads,then T cells were ac-tivated with anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The inhibitory effect of BD691 on activated T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD891 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometry.Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of cytokines associated with T cell differentiation. Results BD691 significantly inhibited the prolif-eration of T cells being stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner, and IC50 values are (8.5 ± 1.5)μmol/L and (7.2 ±1.3)μmol/L, respectively.However, BD691 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on resting T cells and periph-eral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .In T cells which were not activated by anti-CD3/CD28 mAb, the percentage of CD25+T cells is only 1.6%of the total cells, while the number increased to 68% after activating treatment.Mean-while, in T cells which were activated by 0, 3.3, 10, 30μmol/L BD691, no obvious change of CD25 expression were observed, while immunosuppressant FK506 (0.1μmol/L) significantly decreased the expression of CD25 +T cells (14.9%).In unactivated T cells, 95.6%cells were at G0/G1 phase, while after activation, the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase reduced to 57.7%.In addition, BD691 inhibited the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells, but had no effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Co nclusion BD691 exerts no effects on T cell activation, but it inhibits T cell proliferation by inducing T cell cycling arrest at G0/G1 phase.Moreover, BD691 inhibits the secretion of key cytokines (such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17) closely related to the differ-entiation of Th1 and Th17 cells.The results suggest that BD 691 is a potential lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant for the inhibition of abnormal proliferation and differentiation of T cells.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic and clinical characteristics of near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy karyotype (NT/T) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: Cytogenetic findings of 1576 inpatients with primary MDS were retrospective analyzed, among which 9 were diagnosed with NT/T. Clinical data including gender, age, morphology, genetic feature and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of MDS patients with NT/T (NT/T-MDS) among all cases was 0.57%. Karyotyping analysis suggested that eight MDS patients had sole NT/T, while the remainder one had a complex karyotype. In addition to the typical morphology of MDS, NT/T-MDS had unique morphology including huge blast, double-nuclear cell and irregular nuclear membrane. One NT/T-MDS patient gave up therapy, and the remaining eight underwent the first course of treatment, albeit with poor prognosis. Only one patient had complete remission, one had partial remission, three had no remission; and three had converted to acute myeloid leukemia. CONCLUSION NT/T-MDS is rare and has unique morphology. Generally, NT/T-MDS patients have poor prognosis. However, NT/T cannot be simply classified as high-risk group, but with consideration whether they have affected particular chromosomal structures as well as other clinical data.
Humans ; Karyotype ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetraploidy

Abstract Comprehensive sexuality education is an important part of quality education, primary and secondary schools are the most suitable places for sex education. This paper sorts out the current status of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in developed countries after presenting the overall significance of school based sexuality education, and further points out the problems and urgency of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in China. It also put forward the way to new directions for advocacy, including the comphrehensive sexuality education curriculum system, training of sexuality education teachers, the positive and active role of families, as well as social and community support for sexuality education in schools.

Objective To study fluid flow within alveolar bone under orthodontic and occlusal loading, so as to provide references for understanding the regulatory mechanism of bone remodeling during orthodontics. Methods An animal model for orthodontic tooth movement on rats was first constructed. The finite element model of tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone was established based on micro-CT images and the strain field in alveolar bone under orthodontic or constant occlusal loading was analyzed. Then finite element model of alveolar bone was constructed from the bone near the cervical margin or apical root of mesial root. The fluid flow in this model under orthodontic and cyclic occlusal loading was further predicted by using fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation. Results The fluid velocity within alveolar bone cavity mainly distributed at 0-10 μm/s, and the fluid shear stress (FSS) was mainly distributed at 0-10 Pa. FSS on the surface of alveolar bone near the apical root was higher than that close to the cervical margin. Conclusions FSS at different levels could be produced at different location within alveolar bone cavity under orthodontic and cyclic occlusal loading, which might further activate biological response of bone cells on the surface of trabeculae and finally regulate the remodeling of alveolar bone and orthodontic movement of tooth. The results provide theoretical guidance for the clinical treatment of orthodontics.