Objective To investigate the antihyperglycemic effect and the most effective com-ponent of Momordica charantia L. and its mechanism. Method Water-extracted and alkali-extracted Momordica charantia L. polysaccharides with different molecular weight on streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus mice were carried out. The antihyperglycemic mechanism was preliminarily analyzed. Results Alkali-extracted Momordica charantia L. polysaccharides could lower blood sugar,improve glucose tolerance and increase the content of hepatic glycogen significantly at the dose of both 200 and 400mg/kg bw. The content of fructosamine was also lowered. Conclusion The component of alkali extracted Momordica charantia L polysacchaides with maximal molecular weight possessed the best antihyperglycemic effect.

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+)is a familial in herited epileptic syndrome characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity from the mi lder febrile seizures to the severest epileptic encephalopathy such as severe my oclonic epilepsy in infancy(SMEI).GEFS+ is a disorder with a genetic heterogen eity.Molecular genetics have revealed that four genes are associated with the p athogenesis of GEFS+.These include mutations in genes encoding subunits of neur onal voltage-gated sodium channels(SCN1A,SCN1B,SCN2A)and ?2 subunit of the gamma amino-butyric acid(GABA)A receptor(GABRG2).These genes have be en confir med as having a role in autosomal dominant GEFS+ families.In addition,the phen otypes of the affected members may depend on the types and locations of these ge ne mutations.This review states the molecular genetic progress of GEFS+ in brie f.

[Objective] To study the clinical significance of the changes of 100 cases C-reactive protein(CRP)values and erythrocyte sedimentation rates(ESR)in patients with primary osteoarthritis before and after total hip and total knee replacement.[Method] A prospective study was designed to observe the changes of CRP leves and ESR in patients with primary osteoarthritis before and at 1~7 days,2 weeks,1,2,3,6,12 months after total hip and total knee arthroplasty.Ninty-two cases received follow-up.There are 35 males and 57 females with average of 64.7 years,ranging from 37 to 92 years.Sixteen had cementless total hip replacement(THR),32 had hybrid THR,7 had cemented THR and 37 underwent cemented to tal knee replacement(TKR).[Result]In both groups serum CRP level increased rapidly after surgery,peaking at day 2(THR 216.7 mg/L,TKR 257.3 mg/L),and dropping gradually to pre-operative values at the end of the first month in THR patients and at the end of the second month in TKR patients.ESR peaked at day 5 and 6 respectively after operation in THR and TKR patients(THR 93.2 mm/h,TKR 95.7 mm/h),dropping to pre-operative values at the end of the third month in THR patients and at the end of the ninth month in TKR patients.[Conclusion]Serum CRP levels changed more rapidly than ESR and returned to normal more rapidly.CRP and ESR values tended to be higher in TKR than in THR patients.CRP can reflect the status of inflammation.Dynamic observation can help diagnoze early infection.

Objective To investigate the relationship between care need and quality of life of community hypertensive patients.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to investigate 456community hypertensive patients using patients general information questionnaire,the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)and community patients care needs questionnaire and the results underwent analysis.Results The care needs of the community hypertensive patients were at a medium level,all areas of quality of life were lower than the norm.Quality of life and care needs were negatively correlated.Conclusions The staff should assess the care needs of the community hypertensive patients,supply patient-oriented community nursing service,and take measures to improve quality of life of the community hypertensive patients.

Objective:To study the preparation of total leaves saponins of panax notoginseng liposomal gels and evaluate the quali-ty. Methods:The total leaves saponins of panax notoginseng liposomes were prepared by the film-dispersion method, and the formula was optimized by the orthogonal experimental design. A high-speed centrifugation method was applied to determine the encapsulation efficiency used as the evaluation index for the optimization of the preparation process. Then the gels were prepared and an HPLC meth-od was used to determine the content of ginsenoside Rb3 . The stability was preliminarily studied as well. Results:The preparation was semi-solid, and viscous gels with low skin irritation and good stability. The quality was accordance with the relevant provisions in Chi-nese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Conclusion: The gels are with the properties of simple preparation process, reliable detection methods and stable and controllable quality.

Objective:To investigate the expression of apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ( ApoA-Ⅰ) in eight histo-logical types of renal neoplasms and to explore a new biomarker for differential diagnosis .Methods:The immunochemistry was used to detect the expression of ApoA-Ⅰ in 23 cases of renal tumors , including clear cell carcinoma , papillary cell carcinoma , chromophobe cell carcinoma , oncocytoma , multilocular cystic carcinoma , renal pelvis invasive urothelial carcinoma , metanephric adenoma and collecting ducts carcinoma.Five cases of cancer-adjacent normal tissues were obtained from another five renal tumor pa-tients and were chosen as control group .Results: In the 23 cases of renal tumors , ApoA-Ⅰ was ex-pressed in 21 cases(positive rate was 91.3%).There were only two in five cases of normal tissues which expressed this protein ( positive rate was 40 .0%) .A significant differentiation was observed between the two groups(Z=-2.829,P=0.003).In renal clear cell carcinoma(RCC), ApoA-Ⅰ expression level was correlated with the grade and stage of tumor tissues .ApoA-Ⅰ was stained much more stronger in RCCⅡ-Ⅲ than in RCCⅠ( Z=-2.070,P=0.038).In various histological types of renal cancer , ApoA-Ⅰwas all expressed to some degrees .Conclusion:ApoA-Ⅰcan be chosen as a tumor biomarker to differentiate various histological types of renal neoplasms .

Objective To detect the expression of TRIM24 in uroepithelium cell carcinoma of bladder(BUCC)and analyze the relationship be?tween its expression and clinical pathological factors. Methods Immunohistochemical methods were employed to evaluate protein level of TRIM24 in BUCC. Results TRIM24 expression was observed in the nuclear compartments of tumor cells,while normal epithelia of bladder tissues exhibited negative results. For 72 BUCC tissues,TRIM24 overexpression(score≥4)was observed in 41.6%of cases(30/72). TRIM24 expression correlat?ed with invasive depth(P=0.029)and patients with high TRIM24 expression had high grade of BUCC(P=0.043). Conclusion There was sig?nificant over expression of TRIM24 in BUCC,which was correlated with poor differentiation and high grade of BUCC. It may become a candidate tar?get gene for the treatment of human uroepithelium cell carcinoma of bladder.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for prevention and control of nosocomial infection based on the(investigation) of the distribution characteristics of nosocomial infection bacteria and analysis of their antibiotic-(resistance) in wards of gerontologic disease.METHODS The bacteria from specimens of Department of(Gerontology) were cultured and identified,and then antibiotic susceptibility tests were done.These nosocomial(infection) cases judged by the department of nosocomial infection control according to the diagnostic criterion of nosocomial(infection) were analyzed.RESULTS The incidences of nosocomial infection of Department of(Gerontology) were higher in respiratory system,urinary catheter and gastrointestinal tract.A total of 223 strains of pathogens were from(nosocomial) infection and the most commonly encountered pathogens of them were Candida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Escherichia coli.The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that pathogens from nosocomial infection in Department of Gerontology were sensitive to such antibiotics as imipenem,meropenem and polymyxin(98 %), their drug-resistance to the other common antibiotics was very severe.CONCLUSIONS(Possible) measures to reduce nosocomial infection are to strengthen hospital management,reinforce disinfection and sterilization,reasonably use antibiotics,cure the underlying diseases, and shorten(hospital) stay.

Objective To revise the Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the definition of scientific research capacity,the initial dimensions and items of Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff was formed by literature review,semi-structured interview and experts evaluation.The content validity was evaluated by experts,and the face validity by nursing staffs.600 nurses were investigated by convenient sampling.The reliability and validity and discrimination of the scale were tested.Results Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff were selected in 7 dimensions including the capacity of find problem,research design,scientific research practice,innovation,information retrieval,data processing and writing.Scale-level Content validity index was 0.94.The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff was 0.964,the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the seven dimensions were 0.771-0.975,split-half reliability was 0.885.Seven factors were extracted by using principal factor analysis,cumulative contribution was 71.002％.The correlation coefficient between the Scientific Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff and General Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.649 (P=0.000).The discrimination was better.Conclusions The Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff revised shows good reliability and validity.It can objectively evaluate scientific research capacity of nursing staff and provide scientific reference for further improving the research capacity of the nursing staff.

Objective The infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV),which is a hepatotropic DNA virus,can cause acute or chronic viral hepatitis and further may develop liver fibrosis,cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years,with the establishment of HBV transfection cell and animal models,the anti -hepatitis B virus effect of ingredients extracted from many traditional Chinese medicine has been proved.Therefore,chemical composition extracted from the resourceful library of traditional Chinese medicine,with high efficiency and low toxicity,might be the direction for developing anti -hepatitis B virus medicine.