Previous studies have agreed that the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE)and S100B protein have an important value for the severity of cerebral infarction and prognosis estimation. This article reviews the relationship between the serological changes of NSE and S100B and cerebral infarction, infarct volume, severity of neurological deficits, infarct location,and prognosis, as well as the advances in research on the evaluation of therapeutic drugs.

With the development of medical innovation ability,the research output becomes more and more diversified.However,regarding to the indexes for evaluating the scientific research output,domestic scholars have variety of opinions.This article briefly introduces the commonly used research output indexes in China,including papers,monographs,patent and related achievements.Such outputs are divided into literature metrology index and Alternative metrics.Authors hope this attempt can establish a suitable evaluation index system of medical scientific research output in Fujian province.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the changes of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and the degree of neurological deficit (NIHSS)score in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods From January 2017 to January 2019,63 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to Lishui Central Hospital were selected.According to NIHSS score,they were divided into 13 mild cases,30 moderate cases and 20 severe cases.According to infarction area,they were divided into large area group(16 cases),small area group (27 cases) and lacunar infarction group (20 cases).Another 60 cases underwent health examination in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of NSE,and immunoturbidimetric assay was used to determine the content of hs-CRP.The changes of serum NSE and hs-CRP levels in the cerebral infarction group and control group,serum NSE,hs-CRP levels and NIHSS scores in different severity and infarction area,and the correlation between serum NSE and hs-CRP changes and NIHSS scores were compared.Results The serum levels of NSE [(21.34 ± 3.27) ng/mL] and hs-CRP [(10.48 ± 2.14) mg/L] in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(6.23 ± 1.08) ng/mL,(2.83 ± 0.46) mg/L] (t =34.061,27.095,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE [(26.98 ± 3.64) ng/mL],hs-CRP [(15.36 ± 2.57) mg/L] and NIHSS score[(38.49 ±3.25) points] in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and mild group,which in the moderate group [(20.98 ± 3.21) ng/mL,(10.25 ± 2.09) mg/L and (22.18 ± 3.48) points]were higher than those in the mild group [(12.64 ± 2.78) ng/mL,(5.47 ± 1.40) mg/L and (7.38 ± 2.56)],the differences were statistically significant (F =14.975,9.132,15.873,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE[(25.43 ± 3.35) ng/mL],hs-CRP [(16.54 ± 2.71) mg/L] and NIHSS score [(37.34 ± 3.75) points] in the large area group were higher than those in the small area group and lacunar infarction group,which in the small area group [(21.67 ± 3.12) ng/mL,(10.86 ± 2.21) mg/L and (21.25 ± 3.26) points] were higher than those in the lacunar infarction group [(13.45 ± 2.97) ng/mL,(4.79 ± 1.35) mg/L and (8.49 ± 2.15) points],the differences were statistically significant (F =13.241,9.893,17.482,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE and hs-CRP were positively correlated with NIHSS score (r =0.829,0.713,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The levels of serum NSE and hs-CRP in patients with cerebral infarction increase with the progression of the disease,and there is a linear positive correlation between NSE and hs-CRP and NIHSS score.It is considered that NSE and hs-CRP are of great value in evaluating the degree of neurological impairment,the severity of the disease and the size of the infarct.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Xincang Decoction on chronic airway inflammation in children with asthma in clinical investigation. METHODS: Xincang Decoction was composed of Flos Magnoliae (Xinyi) and Fructus Xanthii (Cangoerzi), the traditional Chinese herbs for expelling wind. Sixty cases of children with bronchial asthma in remission stage were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases in the treatment group were treated with Xincang Decoction and the others in the control group were treated with ketotifen fumarate. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared, and the peripheral eosinophil (EOS) count, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5), and the pulmonary functions were observed before and three months after the treatment. RESULTS: After three months treatment, the results showed that the total response rates of the treatment and the control group were 83.3% and 80.0%, respectively, without marked difference (P>0.05). The levels of EOS and IL-5 were obviously decreased after the treatment, and the levels of EOS and IL-5 of the patients in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) was improved after the treatment, and the FEV(1) of the patients in the treatment group was higher than that of the patients in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Xincang Decoction can decrease the levels of EOS and IL-5 and improve the pulmonary function in treating chronic airway inflammation in children with bronchial asthma in remission stage.

By using single spleen colony transplantation technique and sex chromosome typing as natural cytogenetic markers, we have been able to demonstrate that most spleen colony forming cells in the adult bone marrow or in foetal liver of inbred LACA or C57 mice possess the potential of re-establishment of myeloid and lymphoid lines of cells in lethally irradiated mice. However, most of the spleen colony forming cells in the peripheral [blood of normal mice possess weak or no potentiality to proliferate or re-establish hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. Our results support the notion that the CFU-S population in mice is heterogeneous.From the nature of colony forming cells in the peripheral blood of normal mice, we are convinced that the assessment of CFU-S content relying upon the spleen colonies as the unique sign to indicate the self-renewal ability of a spleen colony forming cell is by no means valid inasmuch as some plu-ripotent . hemopoietic progenitors derived from pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells may have the same ability to form colonies in vivo.

Objective To investigate the sedative effect of different doses of buccal dexmedeto-midine premedication during peri-anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and/or ade-noidectomy.Methods Eighty pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in department of otorhinolaryngology,54 males and 26 females,aged 4-12 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,from June,2014 through May,201 6 were enrolled,n =20 in each group.Children were randomly assigned to receive buccal dexmedetomidine 0 μg/kg (group A),1 μg/kg (group B),2 μg/kg (group C)and 4μg/kg (group D)60 min before transporting to operating room.Sedation score (OAA/S scale)was monitored before and after administering buccal dexmedetomidine.Time of post-operative first spon-taneous respiration,opening eyes,extubation,anxiety score (SAS scale),as well as OAA/S scale, pain intensity (FLACC),and adverse events 60 min after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group A and group B,markedly superior OAA/S within 60 min after administering buccal dexmedeto-midine in group C and group D were observed (P < 0.05 ).Compared with group A and group B,the OAA/S score 5 min after extubation was lower in group D.FLACC scores within 30 and 60 min after extu-bation in group D were lower than those in group A.Group D showed obviously prolonged time of post-op-erative first spontaneous respiration,opening eyes and extubation compared with the other groups (P <0.05).All the rates of adverse events were similar.Conclusion 2 or 4 μg/kg premedecation of buccal dexmedetomidine 60 min before transporting to operating room can effectively and safely sedate pediatric pa-tients when entered operating room,improve parental separation,mask and sevoflurane acceptance,as well as decrease the stress induced by intubation and post-operative pain.

Aim To study the effects of ganoderma lu-cidum polysaccharides and metformin on myocardial fi-brosis of type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were injected with streptozotocin (30mg·kg-1 ) to replicate type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetes group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccha-rides group ( 600 mg · kg-1 ) , metformin group ( 600 mg·kg-1 ) , and combination group( ganoderma lucid-um polysaccharides 300 mg·kg-1 +metformin 300 mg ·kg-1 ) . After 12 weeks’ treatment,the levels of fast-ing serum glucose were determined and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was observed by Picro-sirius red staining. The contents of AGEs in serum were deter-mined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The activities of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium were detected. Im-munohistochemical method and Western blot were used to detect myocardial tissue AGEs and CTGF protein ex-pression. Results Combination group could repress patho-proceeding of myocardial fibrosis efficiently, im-prove the activity of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium and lower the concentration of AGEs in serum, as well as reduce the expression of AGEs and CTGF in myo-cardium. Conclusions Ganoderma lucidum polysac-charides and metformin could prevent myocardial fibro-sis. The possible mechanism may be related to repress-ing oxidative stress of myocardium, lowering serum AGEs and down regulating AGEs and CTGF of myocar-dium.

Objective To observe and compare the variation of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function in pregnant women with abnormal and normal glucose metabolism during the first,second,and third trimesters,and to explore the feasibility of early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods This is a prospective study.507 pregnant women with regular antenatal care from February 2009 to March 2010 were included in the study.Based on the results of oral glucose tolerance test,the patients with GDM consisted of 58,86,and 66 subjects respectively in the first,second,and third trimesters.The control group included 72,164,and 66 subjects respectively in the first,second,and third trimesters.Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index( HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β),area under curve of glucose (AUCG),area under curve of insulin ( AUCI ),30-minute insulin increase to 30-minute glucose increase ( △I30/△G30 ),and insulin sensitivity index composite(ISIcomp) were calculated for the evaluation of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function.Results ( 1 ) AUCG and AUCI in the GDM group were statistically higher than those in control group while △I30/△G30and ISlcomp in the GDM group were statistically lower than those in the control group during the first trimester(P＜0.05),but HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant difference between two groups.In the GDM groups HOMA-IR,AUCG,and AUCI were statistically higher,whereas △I30/△G30 and ISIcomp were statistically lower than those in the control groups during the second and third trimesters (P ＜ 0.05 ). HOMA-β showed no statistically significant differences between the GDM groups and control groups during 3 trimesters.( 2 ) During thefirst,second,and third trimesters,blood glucose reached its peak by 0.5 h in the oral glucose tolerance test,and insulin reached its peak by 0.5-1 h in the control groups; while in the GDM groups the respective figures were 1 h and 2 h.Conclusions The insulin resistance in GDM patients diagnosed during the first,second,and third trimesters was higher than in pregnant women with normal glucose metabolism,and the peaks of blood glucose and insulin reached in oral glucose tolerance test were respectively delayed.The impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion in GDM patients was present from early pregnancy.Thus for high-risk groups,oral glucose tolerance test during early pregnancy will be helpful for screening abnormal glucose metabolism.

Objective To study the effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides combined with metformin on oxidative stress of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks and injected with streptozotocin (30 mg·kg-1 ) to produce type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetes model group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group (600 mg·kg-1 ), metformin group (600 mg·kg-1 ), combination group (ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides 300 mg·kg-1+ metformin 300 mg·kg-1 ), After 12 weeks of treatment, the level of fasting blood glucose was determined, and the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), malondialdehyde ( MDA), catalase ( CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were detected. Results The levels of fasting blood glucose in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that in the diabetes model group (P<0. 01). Furthermore, fasting blood glucose in the combination group was significantly lower than that in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 01). Compared with diabetes model group, serum TC and TG in the treatment groups were significantly lower (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Serum TC and TG were significantly lower in the combination group than in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Compared with diabetes model group, serum SOD levels in the treatment groups were significantly higher (P<0. 01). Compared with ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group, serum SOD levels in the combination group was significantly higher (P<0. 05). Compared with diabetes group, serum MDA levels in the treatment groups were significantly lower (P<0. 01). Serum MDA in the combination group was significantly lower than that in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group ( P<0. 05). Compared with diabetes model group, serum CAT and GSH-Px in the treatment groups were significantly higher (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Serum CAT and GSH-Px in the combination group were significantly higher than those in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides combined with metformin could effectively inhibit oxidantion stress in type 2 diabetic rats. The effect was better than ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides or metformin used alone. The possible mechanism may be related to increased activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in vivo and regulation of dyslipidemia.

Objective Inflammation plays a critical role in the presence , development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation ( AF) , but it remains unclear what factors induce inflammation in AF patients , especially in those with valvular heart disease ( VHD) . The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of the shedding of Syndecan -4 in left atrial inflammation in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods Sixty VHD patients scheduled for valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery were divided into three groups of equal number:sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF), and persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF).Another 10 pa-tients with congenital heart disease but no valve damage and atrial fibrillation were included in a control group .Baseline clinical data were recorded and tissues were obtained from the left atrial appendage during operation .The expressions of iNOS , HMGB1, and Syn-decan-4 in the left atrium were detected by Western blot , and the pathological changes of the left atrial tissue observed by HE staining . Results Western blot analysis was performed to detect expression levels of proteins .The iNOS level was significantly higher in pa-tients from the paroxysmal AF group (1.61 ±0.10) and persistent AF group (1.67 ±0.08) than those from sinus group (1.06 ± 0.11) and control group (1.02 ±0.12), as was the protein level of HMGB1 (0.63 ±0.05, 0.95 ±0.10, 0.45 ±0.07 and 0.46 ± 0.06 in paroxysmal AF group, persistent AF group, sinus group and controlgroup respectively ).Inflammatory cell infiltration in-creased, while syndecan 4 was down-regulated in AF groups.All these comparisons were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of Syndecan-4 and enhanced inflammatory response in the left atrial tissue indicate that the shedding of Synde-can-4 may play a role in the presence and development of inflamma-tion in the left atrium .