Objective To investigate the effects of genistein on the epithelium-mesenchyme transition of alveolar type II cells; To discuss its mechanism of improving pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The activity of genistein with different concentrations and TGF-β1 intervention cells after 72 h were determined by CCK-8 method; epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as the key regulatory factors in the transformation process were determined by RT-PCR; changes of p38 and JNK signaling pathways were determined by Western blot. Results The A549 cells were transformed into fibroblast phenotype stimulated by TGF-β1 for 72 h; mesenchymal markers increased and endothelial marker decreased. The results of RT-PCR indicated that genistein inhibited this phenomenon in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of Western blot showed that, genistein possibly inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK signaling pathways and its downstream transcription factors. Conclusion Genistein has anti-fibrosis effects through inhibiting A549 cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

In order to improve the knowledge of clinicians in hypoxia of COPD during the night,the physiological changes of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide during sleep in healthy population were investigated at first,and the features and state of oxygen deficiency during sleep in patients with COPD were analyzed.Furthermore,the possible mechanism,effect,predictor,diagnosis and therapy were explored.

Objective To investigate the effects of Genistein (GEN) acting on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells induced by LPS;To discuss its action of mechanism for improving injuries of lung. Methods The activity of cell treated with different concentrations of Genistein was detected by CCK-8 method and/or LPS intervention for 12 h. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by LPS were detected by RT-PCR. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis, and Western blot was used to detect the changes of signal pathway. Results GEN (1, 5, 10μmol/L) alone had no effects on cell activity;LPS (1μg/mL) reduced cell viability significantly, while co-treated the A549 cells with GEN and LPS could reverse this condition in a concentration-dependent manner;RT-PCR results showed that LPS could significantly increase the level of gene expression of inflammatory factors, while GEN could inhibited this phenomenon in both concentration-and time-dependent manner;the results of TUNEL staining showed that GEN (10μmol/L) combined with LPS for 12 h could significantly decrease the apoptosis rate;the results of Western blot showed that GEN possibly inhibited the inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65 signaling pathways. Conclusion GEN has anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects on A549 cells induced by LPS, so as to play a protective rate.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nucleos (t)ide analogues initial treatment on virology and complications in hepatitis B virus (HBV) related decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods From May 2012 to October 2013,a total of 209 patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis of 18 hospitals in China were enrolled.According to antiviral medicine taken by them,they were divided into entecavir (ETV) group (n =161),lamivudine (LAM) monotherapy or combined with adefovir (ADV)group (n=48,LAM 22 cases,LAM+ADV 26 cases).During the 12-month follow up period,ChildPugh scores,the level of HBV DNA and complications of liver cirrhosis were documented every three months,the safety evaluation was also carried out.The t-test or chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results In ETV group,before treatment and 12 months after treatment,Child-Pugh scores were 7.91±2.05 and 5.75±1.72,respectively,and the latter was lower than the former (t=10.130,P＜0.01); in LAM alone or combined with ADV group,Child-Pugh scores were 8.08±2.23 and 5.85±1.44,respectively,and the latter was lower than the former (t=5.480,P＜0.01).However there was no significant difference in Child-Pugh scores between the two groups in different time points (both P＞0.05).The undetectable rates of HBV DNA gradually increased along with the treatment period.After 12 months treatment,the undetectable rate of HBV DNA of ETV group was 91.0％ (61/67),and that of LAM alone or combined with ADV group was 87.5％ (35/40),there was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Before treatment and 12 months after treatment,the incidences of ascites were 59.4％ (82/138) and 15.0％ (12/80) in ETV group,the latter was lower than the former (x2 =40.740,P＜0.01) ; the incidences of ascites in LAM alone or combined with ADV group were 62.2％ (28/45) and 8.1％ (3/37),and the latter was lower than the former (x2=25.290,P＜ 0.01).After 12 months treatment,the rates of esophageal varices disappearance of ETV group and LAM alone or combined with ADV group were 26.6％ (33/124) and 25.0％ (7/28),accordingly the rates of gastric varices disappearance were 2.5％ (1/40) and 1/19,and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (both P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen,serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rates between the two groups before treatment and at different time points after treatment (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The efficacy and safety of ETV and LAM alone or combined with ADV are similar in patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis,however,the long-term efficacy should be identified by further clinical observation.

AIM: To study the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the adrenomedullin (ADM) and its gene expression in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. METHODS: 30 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 for each). The asthmatic model was established by ovalbumin inhalation and injection. The mRNA expression of ADM was examined by RT-PCR and the protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical method. The airway wall thickness, the airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickness and pulmonary tissue changes were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: The expression of ADM mRNA and protein in the asthma group A were higher than those in the control group(group C) (P

AIM:To observe the change of insulin-like growth factor-2(IGF-2)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),and to explore the relationship of IGF-2,OSAHS and cardiovascular disease complicated with it.METHODS:The level of serum IGF-2 in 40 OSAHS patients and 20 healthy controls was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of IGF-2 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS:The serum level of IGF-2 and the expression of IGF-2 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly higher in OSAHS group than those in control group(P

ly decreased,which will increase during HAART.It may indicate CD4+ cells restoration was delayed during HAART compared with peripheral blood.

Objective To examine the relationship between quetiapine serum concentration,dose,therapeu-tic efficacy and side effects in male patients with schizophrenia.Methods Sixty-three male patients with schizo-phrenia were collected.They were treated openly for 8 weeks with quetiapine,the dose was adjusted according to clini-cal improvement and tolerance.The plasma quetiapine concentrations,therapeutic efficacy and adverse drug reactions were observed after the 4 -week treatment period,and at the end of the 8 weeks of the treatment.Results After 4 weeks,the serum concentration had significant correlation with age,the disease duration and education level.After 8 weeks,there was significant correlation between serum concentration and age.We found a correlation between dose and serum concentration of quetiapine,and no relationship between serum concentration and PANSS scores.Side effects were correlated with 4 weeks′serum concentrations.Conclusion Quetiapine is effective for male patients with schizophrenia.Age,quetiapine dose and side effects have significant correlations with the serum concentration.It appears that plasma quetiapine concentration has no effects on therapeutic efficacy.

To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous moxifloxacin with those of a commonly used empirical antibiotic regimen, cefoperazone and azithromycin in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients requiring initial parenteral therapy, 40 patients with CAP were divided into two groups, a moxifloxacin group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20), which were treated for 7 to 14 days. The patients in the moxifloxacin group were intravenously given 400 mg of moxifloxacin (Avelox) once a day. Patients in the control group were administered 2.0 g of cefoperazone twice a day and azithromycin 0.5 g once a day. Clinical, bacteriological, and laboratory examinations were performed before the treatment, and at the end of the treatment. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy rate between two treatment groups at end of therapy (90% for moxifloxacin, 95% for cefoperazone plus azithromycin) (P > 0.05). The bacteriologic eradication rate at the end of treatment was 90% in the moxifloxacin group and 80% in the cefoperazone-plus-azithromycin group, whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, both drugs were well-tolerated in this trial, with the number of drug-related adverse events being comparable. It is concluded that moxifloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for CAP and was equivalent to the commonly used empirical treatment of cefoperazone plus azithromycin. Moxifloxacin is likely to offer clinicians an alternative for reliable empirical CAP treatment in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance.

Objective To analyze the change of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hubei Province, 2008. Methods The data of schistosomiasis control in the whole province, surveillance sites and standard examinations were collected and analyzed. Results Among all the 63 endemic counties (cities, districts), 21 reached the criteria of transmission interruption, 19 reached the criteria of transmission control, and 23 reached the criteria of infection control in 2008. Villages of Category Three, Category Four and Category Five accounted for 52.10% , 27.80% and 20.09% of all the endemic villages in the whole province, respectively. The infection rates of population and cattle were 1. 70% and 2. 20% , which decreased by 27. 04% and 34. 33% when comparing to those in 2007. The snail area was 77 363 hm~2, with a reduction of 315.70 hm~2 comparing to 2007. In the 74 provincial surveillance sites, the infection rate of population and cattle were 1. 32% and 1. 85% , respectively, with reduction rates of 32.99% and 68.38% comparing to 2007. The snail area was 2 833.98 hm~2 and the area with infected snails was 215.35 hm~2, the densities of living and infected snails were 0. 37 snails/0.1 m~2 and 0.000 3 snails/0. 1 m~2, respectively, and the infection rate of snails was 0.08%. Comparing to 2007, the snail area, densities of living and infected snails and the infection rate of snails decreased by 3.81 % , 21.28% , 40.00% and 27. 30% , respectively, while the area with infected snails increased by 4.52%. The results of standard examination suggested that all the 15 uncontrolled counties ( cities, districts) reached the criteria of infection control. Conclusions Though the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province has been controlled effectively, the endemic condition is still severe. Therefore, the comprehensive measures with an emphasis on infectious source control should be strengthened to consolidate the control result.