Objective To investigate the effects of gambogenic acid(GNA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 lung canc‐er cells and its possible mechanism of regulation .Methods A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of GNA ,which di‐vided into control group and GNA group(0 .5 ,1 .5 ,20 mg/L) .The cell proliferation and apoptosis of A549 was analyzed by MTT , Hoechst staining ;The expression of apoptosis‐related protein caspase3 ,caspase9 ,p53 and NF‐κB were studied by Western blot .Re‐sults GNA could inhibit growth of A549 cells ;Moreover GNA could also induce apoptosis with the concentration increased more obviously ;Western blot showed that GNA down‐regulate NF‐κB ,increased caspase3 ,caspase9 and p53 expression(P<0 .05) .Con‐clusion GNA can efficiently promote the cell proliferation inhibition and the apoptosis of A 549 cells .

Constant infusion, exponentially declining infusion and program infusion of theophlline were administered to rabbits byadopting the rabbit population pharmacokinetic parameters in this laboratory, and the plasma concentrations of the drug was measured by ul- traviolet spectrophotometry. The results showed that the plasma drug concentrations following exponentially declining infusion and program infusion attained the desired steady-state level at only 30 min, though the T1/2?= 6. 08h, The median absolute value of performance error in pro-gram infusion and exponentially declining infusion was 7. 8% and 14% respectively.

BACKGROUND: As the end product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content can be used for assessment lipid peroxidation injury.Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) acts as a free radical scavenger. Currently the effect of static magnetic field on the organism, whether positive or negative, has not been elucidated.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of static magnetic field on anti-oxidation capacity of mouse hepatic tissues and its intensity dependence for producing such effects.DESIGN: A controlled comparative experiment.SETTING: Laboratories of Medical Physics and Biochemistry of Jiangsu University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratories of Medical Physics and Biochemistry of Jiangsu University from January to December 2003. Totally 30 mice of either sex weighing 18-20 g were selected and subjected to magnetic filed exposure using a self-designed ferrite magnet apparatus.METHODS: The mice were equally randomized into normal control group and 4 exposure groups exposed to magnetic field of (24.6±4.2) mT,(42.0±2.1) mT, (63.5±3.0) mT, and (85.1±2.9) mT, respectively. The mice in the 4 exposure groups were exposed to static magnetic field of the specified intensity for 2 hours twice a day, while those in the normal control group were subjected to the sham exposure apparatus without magnetic field at scheduled time points every day. After 15 days of exposure, the mice were sacrificed and the GSH-Px activity and the MDA content in the hepatic tissue were assayed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: GSH-Px activity and MDA content in hepatic tissue of the mice.RESULTS: Thirty mice entered the final analysis without losses. MDA content in (24.6±4.2) mT and (42.0±2.1) mT groups were obviously lower than that in the normal control group [(12.70±0.53), (12.96±0.72), and (17.62±0.91) μmol/g, respectively, F=10.4, 9.89, P ＜ 0.01]. The GSH-Px activity in the hepatic tissue in (24.6±4.2) mT and (42.0±2.1) mT groups were obviously higher than that in the normal control group [(143.36±8.34),(150.69±12.00), (87.51±11.34) μkat/g, respectively, F=10.0, 11.3, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Static magnetic field of appropriate intensity can lower MDA content and enhance the GSH-Px activity in the hepatic tissue of mice, and may also improve the activity of antioxidase and reduce the production of lipid peroxidation to diminish the consequent injuries and delay the aging process.

Objective To study the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on levels of lipid peroxidation in liver kidney and brain tissues in mice. MethodsThirty mice were randomly assigned to groups A,B,C and D, and exposed to static magnetic fields with four different intensities of(24.6?4.2)mT, (42.0?2.1)mT, (63.5?3.0)mT, (85.1?2.9)mT, respectively, for an average of 4 hours daily for 15 days. Then the mice were sacrificed and the amount of MDA in liver, kidney and brain tissues in mice were measured. ResultsThe amount of MDA were significantly decreased in the liver and kidney in rat exposed to (24.6?4.2)mT, (42.0?2.1)mT MSF as compared with that in the control group( P

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)is a heterogeneous monogenic diabetes, in which MODY1, MODY2, and MODY3 are the most common subtypes. In recent years, new hypoglycemic drugs such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and glucokinase activators (GKA)have made good progress in the treatment of diabetes. Based on the latest basic and clinical evidence, the article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment progress of new hypoglycemic drugs of the above three types of MODY, aiming to develop safer and more effective new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of MODY.

Objective:To analyse the role of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 in pathogenesis of primary Sj?gren′s syndrome(PSS),the relationship between Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 expression and labial gland biopsy grading.Methods:Immunohistochemical(IHC) method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-6/Blimp-1 in salivary gland between 30 cases pations with PSS in disease group and 11 cases patients with mucous cyst,lower lip trauma in control group,and the serum IL-21 levels between disease group of 40 cases patients with PSS and 30 cases healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) ,relations among 15 patients with IL-21 expression levels with labial gland biopsy grading.Results:The expression levels of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 in disease group were higher than control group;in disease group,with pathological grades increased,the expression levels of Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 were also raised.Conclusion:①Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 may participate in the pathogenesis of PSS;Bcl-6/Blimp-1/IL-21 is associated with infiltration lymphocytes of salivary gland.

Objective To investigate the changes of proteomics in serum of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after accumulated irradiation with 137Cs γ-rays.Methods A total of thirty mature SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:0.2 Gy group,2 Gy group and healthy control group.Rats were irradiated at a dose rate of 0.336 mGy/min for 10 d and 20 d continuously.Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the different protein expression in serum of irradiated rats.Gene Ontology,KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis were conducted using softwares.Results In total,363 protein spots were identified.Twenty nine proteins were differentially expressed in both groups compared with control,of which 10 proteins were up-regulated and 19 proteins were down-regulated.Based on the information of GO categories,these differentially expressed proteins were mainly located in the cytoplasm and membrane concerning the function of binding and catalytic activity.Analysis with the PAJEK software demonstrated that 16 differentially expressed proteins could form a complicated interaction network where glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1),phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) might be key nodes.Conclusions Accumulated irradiation can induce differentially expressed proteins in serum of irradiated rats.Analysis on functional roles of the screened proteins GSTP1,PGK1 and PDI may provide insight into further mechanistic investigations and underlying molecular biomarkers induced by accumulated irradiation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of HMGB1 and TLR-4 in the renal injury of SLE.Methods:The level of HMGB1 in serum from 16 patients suffering from SLE without kidney damage,18 patient with lupus nephritis (LN),and 12 healthy individuals were measured by ELISA.The fresh PBMCs were isolated and the total RNA was extracted.Then the mRNA expression of HMGB1 was amplified by RT-PCR.Flow cytometric analysis(FCM) was performed to study cell surface markers and the expression of TLR-4.Results:RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that the expressions of mRNA and protein were higher in patients with LN than in SLE without kindey damage and healthy people.The expression of TLR-4 in CD14+ monocytes of patients with LN was higher either,while there were no significant changes in CD3+ T cells among LN,SLE and healthy control.Conclusion:PBMCs in patients with LN could synthesize and secrete HMGB1 initiatively,which are correlated with serum HMGB1 level.HMGB1 might play a role in autoimmunity of lupus nephritis partly by activation of monocytes through its binding to TLR-4.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the effect of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGBI) on the renal injure of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4). Methods The level of HMGB1, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in serum from 16 pa-tients with SLE, 18 patients with lupus nephritis(LN) and 12 healthy people were measured by ELISA. The fresh peripheral blood mononuelear cell (PBMC) were isolated and the total RNA was extracted. Then the mRNA expression of HMGB1 was amplified by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to study cell surface markers and the expression of TLR4. Results RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that the expres-sions of mRNA and level of HMGB1 protein in serum were higher in patients with LN than those in SLE and healthy people. The expression of TLR4 in CD14+ monecytes of patients with LN was higher than that with SLE and healthy people, while there were no significance in CD3+ T cells among LN, SLE and healthy peo-ple. The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in serum of LN was lower than that in SLE and healthy people, at the same time the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 decreased in LN group. HMGB1 mRNA and CD14+/TLR4+ was negatively correlated with the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2, and the level of HMGB1 in serum was positively correlated with proteinuria, while negatively correlated with the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 in LN. Conclusion HMGB1 is one of the important cytokine in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. HMGBI might play a role in proteinuria of lupus nephritis in part via TLR4 pathway to activate monocytes and decrease the expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2.

Objective To explore the effects of accumulated 60CD,γ-ray irradiation on small molecular metabolites in rats urine.Methods Ten healthy male SD rats were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays in 5 days and the accumulated doses were 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 Gy,respectively.The metabolites in urine of different groups were measured with 1 H-NMR combined with principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Results The metabolites in rat urine were obviously changed after irradiation. Compared with control group,the amount of acetoacetate decreased after irradiation(t =29.7 -30.7,P ＜ 0.05 ),but its relative level was stable when the dose increased ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Meanwhile,the relative level of hippuric acid increased ( t =4.4 - 21.6,P ＜ 0.05 ) especially when the accumulated dose was higher than 1 Gy (t =21.6,P＜0.05). The relative level of proline,taurine and trimethylamine-N-oxide increased after irradiation with the same trend( t =3.5 - 13.4,4.7 - 11.5,2.9- 12.7,P＜0.05). Conclusions The acetoacetate,hippuric acid,proline,taurine,and trimethylamine-N-oxide may be applicable for biomarkers of accumulative irradiation on rat.