Based on a review of literature and the current reform of public hospital corporate governance,such corporate governance is divided intocombined regulation and operation,anddivided regulation and operationmodels.Then the principal-agent theory was called into play to analyze the main problems and causes of the existing models.From the perspectives of government supervision and assessment,professionalization of hospital directors,market competition mechanism,thoughts were made on how to improve such corporate governance.

The rapid development of ultrasonographic technology,especially the three-dimensional ultrasonographic technology has brought new opportunities to pelvic imaging.The anatomy and related diseases of the anterior compartment of female pelvic floor,and the recent application and development of transperineal ultrasonography in the anterior compartment were reviewed in this article.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of tissue damage during early hours of cerebral ischemia has remained a major challenge in acute stroke management.Whether the application of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can protect cerebraltissue or not remains a question to be answered.OBJECTIVE: In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model we studied the change on CGRP and β-endorphine levels and the therapeutic implication with hyperbaric oxygenation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Animal Research Department of Capital University of Medical Science.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Research Department of the Capital University of Medical Science from December 2003 to February 2005. Sixty three healthy Sprague-Dewey female rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. There were 7 in the sham operation group. Four groups with 7 in each group received cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) and blood sample taken at 6, 24, 48 and 96 hourrespectively. Another 4 groups (IR-HBO) with 7 in each received cerebral ischemia and reperfusion under hyperbaric oxgenation with blood sampling at 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours.INTERVENTIONS: With the exception of sham operation groups, animals in all the experimental groups were exposed to global cerebral is chemia of 20 minutes duration. Sham operation group and the IR groups remained under the normal atmospheric pressure. The HBO chamber was flushed with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes and raised the pressure in 5 minutes to a steady pressure at 0.2MPa. Rats in IR-HBO groups were put into the chamber with inhalation of 100% oxygen for 45 minutes and decompression was done for 15 minutes. The rats in HBO group were placed into the HBO chamber after 3-hour post reperfusion on the first day and this treatment was repeated for three consecutive days, always at the same time.Plasma was collected after 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours or 96 hours post cerebral reperfusion, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The level of CGRP and β-EP in the plasma were measured by RIA (Radio-immunoassay).RESULTS: Sixty-three rats entered the final analysis. ① At 6-hour ischemia-repefusion: CGRP in HBO group was increased (64.12±18.16) ng/L and the onset time was earlier than that in IR group and the level was higher than those in IR group (32.62 ±11.72)ng/L and sham operation group (49.09±8.59)ng/L at the same time point (F=6.614, P ＜ 0.001, P ＜ 0.05). Β-EP level in 6-hour HBO group was slightly increased, but recovered at 24-hour, 48-hour, 96-hour HBO groups. ② At 24-hour and 48-hour ischemia-reperfusion: The plasma CGRP levels of the HBO group recover within 24-hours [(43.53±22.73)ng/L, F=0.390; (46.02±10.64)ng/L,F=0.969, P ＞ 0.05]. ③ 96-hour ischemia-reperfusion: CGRP increase in the IR group (81.74±20.64)ng/L was higher than that in the sham operation group (49.09±8.59)ng/L and the HBO group (40.98±20.52)ng/L at the same time point (F=6.419, P ＜ 0.01); and also obviously higher than those in 6-hour, 24-hour and 48-hour IR group (F=10.806, P ＜ 0.01).The β-EP level at 96-hour HBO group was decreased to the lowest as compared with that in the sham operation group [(370.00±130.15)ng/L,(872.30±403.92)ng/L, F=3.691, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: ① HBO in the early period of cerebral ischemia can reduce the onset of injury of cerebral tissue through increasing CGRP level and decreasing β-EP level; ②The more times treated by HBO, the better is its therapeutic effect.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of pulse-activating injection on acute poisoning by pa-raquat(PQ). Methods 50 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: blank group, negative control group, positive control group, low-dose pulse-activating injection group (LDG), and high-dose pulse-activating injection group(HDG) (n = 10 for each group). Blank group were injected with normal suline,30 ml/kg,and other groups were established as acute paraquat poisoning models. Macroscopic and histopathological ex-aminations were performed and biological indexes were measured for the lung specimens. The indexes included lung wet weight/dry weight,the rats of neutrophils and protein content in the pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid. In the mean time, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) both in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage flui(BALF) were detected. Results Compared with that in negative control group,lung congestion and lung edema of LDG group were mitigated; and the MDA level decreased from (5.04± 0.50) nmol/ml,(1. 19±0.18) nmol/ml to (4.04±0.21) nmol/ml,(0.79±0.04) nmol/ml both in plasma and BALF;the SOD activities were increased from (123.30±20. 39) U/ml, (26.43±2.22) U/ml to (277.09± 11.66) U/ml,(37.10± 2.49) U/ml as well; the GSH-Px activities were increased from (1796.63 ±81. 12) U/ml, (598.24 ± 62.50) U/ml to (2151.54 ± 148.32) U/ml, ( 1788.44 ± 175.11 ) U/ml as well ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions Administration of pulse-activating injection could improve the lipid peroxidation damage caused by a-cute poisoning of PQ.

Objective To establish a simple and quick method to determine methamidophos in human serum samples. Methods The samples were extracted by acetone and were separated with centrifuge then were determined by gas chromatography (GC-FPD). Results The determine limit for methamidophos in human serum was 0.05 ng. The minimum determine concentration was 0.40 ?g/ml. Rate of recovery of methamidophos added in human serum were 90.5%-105.6%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 4.52%-6.63%. Conclusion This method is sensitive, accurate and reliable for the determination of methamidophos in human serum samples.

Objective To investigate the effect of GABAB receptor in spinal cord by detecting semi-quantitatively the mRNA for isoforms of GABAB receptor in a chronic neuropathic pain model. Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 200-250g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital. Lamina of L5 vertebra and superior articular process of L6 were removed and posterior root of left L5 spinal nerve was exposed and tightly ligated with 7/0 atraumatic suture. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals in each group: group A in which animals were observed for 7 days after sham operation; group B in which animals were observed for 7 days after ligation of posterior root of L5 spinal nerve; in group C animals were observed for 14 days after sham operation and in group D animals were observed for 14 days after ligation. Pain threshold was measured by heat stimulation of bilateral hindlimbs before and on the 1st , 3rd , 7th , 10th and 14th day after operation. Lumbar spinal cord was removed on the 7th or 14th day after operation and mRNA for isoforms of GABAB receptor in the spinal cord was detected semi-quantitatively by digoxin hybridization in situ.Results Pain threshold of left hindlimb (ligated side) was significantly lower than that of right hindlimb on the 7th, 10th and 14th day after operation as measured by heat stimulation. There were less mRNA for three isoforms of GABAB receptor in group B and D as compared with group A and C respectively. Conclusion The gene expression of three isoforms of GABAB receptor in the spinal cord has plasticity and is reduced during chronic neuropathic pain.

With the profound study of PDT mechanism and the new type of photosensitizers,the application of PDT to hematopoietic diseases has become a new domain.The relapsing/refractory aggressive lymphoma is one of the tough problems which are still unsolved in hematopoietic domain. Now,the experimental and clinical research on application of PDT in lymphomas has become the hot topic for the domestic and world scholars.

Objective·To investigate the role and mechanism of CaMKKβ in RAW264.7 macrophage M2 polarization induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4).Methods·IL-4 induced RAW264.7 polarization was measured by RT-PCR and ELISA.Western blotting was used to analyze the total and phosphorylated protein levels of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 during polarization.A lentiviral vector carrying an shRNA targeting the CaMKKβ gene was successfully constructed.The expression of M1 and M2 markers and the expression of phosphorylated AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.The protein activity ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 were selectively blocked,and then the effect of IL-4 on macrophage polarization was detected by RT-PCR.Results·IL-4 significantly polarized RAW264.7 cells towards M2 macrophages (P＜0.05),and the phosphorylated protein expression of CaMKKβ,AMPK,JAK2,STAT3 was significantly increased (all P＜0.05).The expression of M2 markers induced by IL-4 was decreased and the phosphorylation ofAMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 was also decreased after knockdown of CaMKKβ by shRNA (all P＜0.05).The polarization of macrophages to M2 was decreased after the activities of AMPK,JAK2 and STAT3 proteins were blocked respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusion·CaMKKβ promotes IL-4 induced M2 macrophage polarization via activation of AMPK/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significancy of laparoscopic intrafascial hysterectomy. Methods We reviewed 37 cases of laparoscopic intrafascial hysterectomy and 45 cases of open intrafascial hysterectomy. A controlled study on operative time, blood loss, time to first flatus, postoperative morbidity and complications was made. Results All operations in two groups were successfully completed, and no severe complications were seen. In laparoscopic group and open group, the operative time, blood loss, time to first flatus, and postoperative morbidity were (158?36.7) min and (99?24.3) min (t=8.714, P