Objective: To establish the determination of alkaloids in Pericarpium Papaveris. Method: Adopting the bromocresol green as colored indicator, alkaloids in Pericarpium Papaveris were measured by visible spectrophotography. Results: The average recovery was 101.2%, the RSD was 2.46%.Conclusion: There are big difference in batchs, we should enhance the quality control of Pericarpium Papaveris.

The cultivation of clinical long term medical students not only emphasizes the mastery of medical knowledge and clinical skills,but also needs to have good humanistic quality.This paper analyzed the current situation of humanistic education in medical colleges,and advocated that medical colleges should establish systematic humanities education courses,provide various forms of humanistic education to strengthen the cultivation of medical students'humanistic quality,try to combine the humanities with higher medical education.To make the medical humanistic spirit run throughout the medical practice activitiesis of great significance for the development of high-level medical students and the promotion of good medical model in China.

This article was aimed to study the preparation process of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-tanshinone IIA (TSN)-salvianolic acid B (SalB) compound liposomes with 3-succinic-30-stearyl glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA-Suc) which is one of amphiphilicglycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as targeting molecule. The structure of the targeting molecule was validated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods. The feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was optimized through single factor test and the incorporation ratio of 18-GA-Suc was determined by low-speed centrifugation. Meanwhile, physicochemi-cal properties between Suc-GTS-Lip and GTS-Lip were compared. In vitro release studies of three components in Suc-GTS-Lip were conducted by equilibrium dialysis method. The results showed that the optimum conditions were when the feed ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 10%lipid liposomal membrane (mol·mol-1). It revealed that the incorpora-tion ratio of 18-GA-Suc was 96.58%, and the encapsulation efficiencies of GA, TSN, and SalB were about 86.15%, 81.70%, and 91.05%, respectively. In addition, the Suc-GTS-Lip was spherical and uniformly dispersed with parti-cle size of 128.7 nm and zeta potential of-15.5 mV. The release model of GA and TSN was fitted well with Higuchi equation, while SalB was fitted well with Hixon-crowell equation. It was concluded that Glycyrrhetinic acid deriva-tives (18-GA-Suc) can be successfully expressed in the liposome membrane, and the optimal preparation method of Suc-GTS-Lip was stable. All three components encapsulated into liposomes had sustained-release effects, which laid a good foundation for its further study about liver-targeting.

In the past few years, there has seen an increase in the detection rate of early upper gastric cancer. Early upper gastric cancer is of good prognosis. How to further enhance the postoperative quality of life of patients has increasingly become an issue of concern. This has naturally given rise to function-preserving proximal gastrectomy. However, due to its damage to the original structure of cardia and its vicinity, proximal gastrectomy is prone to postoperative reflux. To prevent postoperative reflux, various ways of digestive tract reconstruction have emerged one after another, but the optimal way thereof remains controversial. Therefore, reducing postoperative reflux through an appropriate way of digestive tract reconstruction has been taken as a focus of proximal gastrectomy. Esophagogastric anastomosis with seromuscular flap technique, as a way of digestive tract reconstruction, builds an "artificial cardia" on the basis of guarantee of normal entry of food into the digestive tract, and functions against postoperative reflux. For its good anti-reflux effect, eso-phagogastric anastomosis with seromuscular flap technique has gradually become a research focus. On top of the latest research progress at home and abroad and relevant evidence-based medicine, the authors provide on the principles, key points, improvement, postoperative status, and applica-tion of esophagogastric anastomosis with seromuscular flap technique in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

In vitro studies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of the in vivo role of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly, PINK1 mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.