Objective To analyze the colonization of Candida, Rhodotorula, Penicillium and Aspergillus in skin surfaces of patients with atopic dermatitis, and to assess the relationship between the four common fungal allergens and severity of atopic dermatitis. Methods Fifty patients with atopic dermatitis and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Scales were scraped from lesional and non?lesional skin of flexural extremities of the patients, as well as from normal skin of the flexural elbow of healthy controls, then were subjected to microscopic examination and culture. Scale specimens were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar medium and cultured at 25 ℃ in a constant temperature incubator. Subsequently, suspected fungal or yeast?like colonies were collected for pure culture. Finally, fungal strains were identified according to colony morphology, color, growth speed, as well as microscopic features of spores and hyphae. Results No hyphae or pseudohyphae were found in any case by microscopic examination. Candida albicans and Rhodotorula were detected in 29(58%)and 17(34%)out of the 50 patients, respectively, and in 5(25%)and 2 (10%) out of the 20 healthy controls, respectively. The detection rates of Candida albicans and Rhodotorula were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls(χ2=6.23, 4.10, respectively, both P<0.05). Of 25 patients with severe lesions, 19(76%)and 12(48%)were colonized by Candida albicans and Rhodotorula respectively;among 25 patients with moderate lesions, 10 (40%) and 5 (20%) were colonized by Candida albicans and Rhodotorula respectively. An increase was observed in the detection rates of Candida albicans and Rhodotorula in the patients with severe lesions compared with those with moderate lesions(χ2=6.65, 4.37, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of Penicillium or Aspergillus between the patients and health controls. Conclusion The colonization rates of Candida albicans and Rhodotorula on skin surfaces were higher in patients with atopic dermatitis than in healthy controls, and higher in patients with severe lesions than in patients with moderate lesions, indicating that the types of colonizing fungi are associated with the health status of skin and severity of symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Wogonin on CD3AK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity to SMMC-7721.Methods:CD3AK cells were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) in vitro by a variety of cytokines for 7 d,and treated with different concentrations of Wogonin for 48 h.CD3AK cells proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay.SMMC-7721 cell growth was detected by MTT.The expression of perforin (PFP),granzyme B (GrB) and CD107a on CD3AK cells were measured by flow cytometry ( FCM).The cytotoxicity to SMMC-7721 cells was detected by LDH release assay.The expression of ERK1/2 on CD3AK cells was detected by Western blot.The mobility of SMMC-7721 cells was detected with transwell chambers.The merge of SMMC-7721 cells were measured with Wound healing assay.Results:Wogonin could significantly promote CD3AK cells proliferation, especially at 3.2 mg/L (23%higher than that of control group,P<0.05).The highest cytotoxicity to SMMC-7721 was also at the con-centration 3.2 mg/L (60.4%).The expression of PFP,GrB,CD107a were significantly higher than that of control group( P<0.05).The expression of ERK1/2 was obviously improved,especially at 12.5-0.8mg/L.After treated with Wogonin 50,12.5,3.2,0.8,0.2 mg/L for 48 h,the lowest transwell cell was at 12.5 mg/L and lowest merge rate was at 3.2 mg/L.Conclusion:Wogonin could promote CD3AK cell proliferation and enhance the cytotoxicity to SMMC-7721.Wogonin could also inhibit SMMC-7721 cell growth,migration and cell merge.The mechanism may be related to activated ERK1/2 and increase the expression of PFP,GrB,CD107a.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of human NK cells induced by atorvastatin to colon cancer cell lines. Methods:After colon cancer cells (HCT-116,SW-480,Caco-2) were cultured with different concentrations of atorvastatin, CCK-8 assay was used to assess the effect of atorvastatin on growth of colon cancer cells. The amplification of human NK cells was induced by SCGM medium in vitro. Automatic biochemical analyzer was applied to test the cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells which cultured with different concentration of atorvastatin. FCM was used to detect the expression rate of MICA/B on the cells. Results:(1) The cultivation of NK cells:The proportion of NK cells attained to 93. 1% from 4. 5% after cultured for 10 days. (2) The effects of atorvastatin on the growth of the colon cancer cells:After cultured with atorvastatin,the inhibition rate of HCT-116 cells was higher than that in control when the density of atorvastatin increased from 5 μmol/L to 40 μmol/L after 48 h and from 1. 25 μmol/L to 40 μmol/L after 96 h ( P<0. 05 ) . Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of atorvastatin and the growth inhibition rate of HCT-116 cells were positively correlated(r[48 h]=0. 13,r[96 h]=0. 22,P<0. 05). (3) The cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells effected after atorvastatin: In different atorvastatin concentrations groups,the cytotoxicity of NK cells to three colon cancer cell lines was all higher than that in control ( P<0. 05 ) . The atorvastatin concentration was from 2. 5 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L for HCT-116 cells,from 5 μmol/L to 20μmol/L for SW-480 cells,and from 2. 5μmol/L to 20μmol/L for Caco-2 cells. Among the three cell lines, the cytotoxicity of NK cells to HCT116 was the highest in the same concentration. (4)NK cells by atorvastatin cutting statins 96 h,the concentration of 20 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L inhibition rate was higher than that of control group,more than other groups on NK cell growth without significant effect. ( 5 ) The impact of atorvastatin on MICA/B expression of colon cancer cells: After cultured with different concentrations of atorvastatin,the expression of MICA/B on colon cancer cells was higher than that in control(P<0. 05). The concentration was 2. 5μmol/L and 5μmol/L for HCT-116 cells,10μmol/L and 20μmol/L for SW-480 cells,and from 2. 5μmol/L to 40 μmol/L for Caco-2 cells. Conclusion:Atorvastatin could inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT-116,SW-480 and Caco-2) in a dose-dependent manner;and it could enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells to colon cancer cells;it also could promote the expression of MICA/B of colon cancer cells,and improve the immunogenicity of colon cancer cells.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to sui?cide risk in misdiagnosed bipolar disorderⅡ(BPⅡ) treated for major depressive disorder. Methods A total of l478 con?secutive major depressive disorder patients were interviewed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) in 13 major mental health centers in China. Of the 1478 patients, 190 patients were diagnosed BPⅡ, who were divided into two groups (nonsuicidal risk and suicidal risk) with the suicidality module of MINI. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate significant risk factors associated with suicide risk in misdiagnosed BPⅡtreated for major depres?sive disorder. Results Of the 190 patients, 116 were in the nonsuicidal risk group and 74 were in the suicidal risk group. In comparison to the nonsuicidal risk group, the suicidal risk group had younger age [(34.45 ± 11.18) vs.(37.23 ± 13.22), P=0.008], earlier age at onset [(26.20 ± 9.16) vs. (30.37 ± 11.59), P=0.007], and more suicidal ideation (82.4%vs. 53.4%, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.969,95% CI:0.945~0.993) and depressive epi?sodes with suicidal ideation (OR=4.129,95%CI:2.030~8.397) were significantly associated with suicide risk in patients of misdiagnosed BPⅡtreated for major depressive disorder (P<0.05). Conclusions Younger age, severer suicidal ide?ation may be potential independent risk factors to suicide risk in BPⅡwith misdiagnosed with major depressive disor?der.

Objective:To compare the suicidality risk in major depressive disorder (MDD)patients with and without anxious characteristics,and analyze the risk factors of suicidality in MDD patients. Methods:This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for people with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP),which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP),from September 1,2010 to February 28, 201 1. Based on the anxious module and suicide module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M. I. N. I),1 172 MDD patients were classified as suffering from anxious MDD (n=728,62. 1%)and non-anxious MDD(n=444,37. 9%). Logistic regression was employed to examine the risk factors of suicidality in MDD pa-tients. Results:Among the anxious MDD patients,331 (45. 5%)of them had suicidality risk. And 54(12. 2%)of non-anxious MDD patients had suicidality risk. Compare to the non-anxious group,the anxious MDD patients had significantly higher suicidality risk (P<0. 00 1 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that more frequent depressive episodes (OR=2. 07 ),depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms (OR=2. 0 1 ),comorbid with anxious charac-teristics (OR=3. 18)or melancholic characteristics (OR=2. 90)were associated with suicidality risk in patients with MDD. Conclusion:It indicates that the anxious MDD patients may have higher suicidality risk than non-anx-ious MDD patients,and more frequent depressive episodes,depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms,comorbid with anxious characteristics or melancholic characteristics may be risk factors of suicidality in patients with MDD.

Objective To explore the attempted suicide risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical charac-teristics in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features (e.g. increased appetite, weight gain and greater time spent sleeping). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and carried out in 13 major mental health centers in China. Totally 179 patients were diagnosed as atypical major depres-sive disorder patients in all 1172 major depressive disorder patients using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) by psychiatrists. Suicide attempters and nonattempters were grouped base on the interview results of suicidality module of the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI). Multiple logistic regression were used to assess association between independent variables and attempted suicide in major depressive disorder patients with atypical features. Results The rater of attempted snicide was 23.5% (42/179) of atypical major depressive disorder patients reported prior or current attempted suicide. Compared to nonattempters, attempters had higher levels of suicidal ideation, postpartum depressive episodes, and the use of antipsychotic, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that number of admissions (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.093~2.740) and depressive episodes with suicidal ideation (OR=3.90, 95%CI: 1.506~10.092) were significantly associat-ed with attempted suicide in atypical unipolar depression patients (P<0.05). Conclusions High number of admissions and high levels of suicidal ideation may be considered as potential risk factors to identify atypical unipolar depression patients at risk for future suicidal behavior.