Aim To observe the effects of low concentration ouabain(OUA)on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.Methods The guinea-pig ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation technique, then were incubated with Fluo3-AM. The Fluo3-AM fluorescent signal was detected with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The change of [Ca2+]i was represented by the percentage of fluorescence intensity change [(FI-FI0)/FI0,%] (FI: fluorescent intensity after addimg OUA, FI0: control). Results In normal Tyrode,s solution and Ca2+-free Tyrode′s solution.OUA (1?10-9~1?10-6 mol?L-1)elevated [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, in normal Tyrode′s solution by 16.7?6.8(P0.05).Genistein (GST) (1、10、50、100 ?mol?L-1)abolished the OUA-induced increases in[Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner by 17.5?3.1、14.2?8.9、0.8?7.6(P

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ). Liver X receptors (LXRs), a member of the nuclear receptor transcription factor superfamily, are widely expressed in brain, which may be involved in the development and progression of AD. Based on the international and national publications pertaining to the association between LXRs and AD from 2010 to 2022, this review summarizes the advances on the involvement of LXRs in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, inflammatory response and synapse formation in the pathogenesis of AD was reviewed, so as to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the risk factors of 39 980 subjects in Urumqi and to explore the characteristics of dyslipidemia's risk factors. Methods The following parameters of the subjects were determined: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar, and uric acid. The prevalence of dyslipidemia of different gender or age and risk factors for dyslipidemia were analyzed. Results Dyslipidemia total detection rate was 55.15%, the rate in male (66.03%) was significantly higher than in women (41.72%) (χ2=2 360.034, P<0.001);and in the men the various types of dyslipidemia detection rate was higher than those in the female, the TC (χ2=66.860, P<0.001) and TG (χ2=2 756.572, P<0.001), LDL-C (χ2=258.636, P<0.001), HDL-C (χ2=2 714.685, P<0.001) were significantly higher in men than in women; the detection rate of dyslipidemiaincreased with age, and then decreased gradually in the age group 50-59 years after the peak, the (high total cholesterol (χ2=2 529.462, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (χ2=1 389.313, P<0.001) high LDL-C (χ2=1 552.074, P<0.001), low HDL-C (χ2=97.279, P<0.001) of all age groups the dyslipidemia detection rate differences were statistically significant. Risk factors of dyslipidemia: Logistic regression analyses showed that male gender (OR=1.681;95%CI:1.337-1.928), age (OR=1.299;95%CI:1.270-1.330), high diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.248;95%CI:1.145-1.361), high waist circumference(OR=1.895;95%CI:1.638-1.956), high uric acid(OR=1.200;95%CI:1.094-1.317), high blood glucose(OR=1.366;95%CI:1.229-1.517), high TG(OR=4.043;95%CI:3.770-4.335), high LDL-C(OR=40.148;95%CI:37.341-43.166), low HDL-C ( OR=1.982;95%CI:1.432-2.511) were closely correlated with the high TC; male ( OR=1.956;95%CI:1.853-2.066), high age(OR=1.060;95%CI:1.040-1.080), high BMI(OR=2.097;95%CI:1.968-2.235), high diastolic blood pressure(OR=1.512;95%CI:1.411-1.620), high waist circumference(OR=1.397;95%CI:1.313-1.478), high uric acid(OR=2.146;95%CI:1.995-2.308), high blood glucose(OR=1.498;95%CI:1.375-1.631), high TC(OR=4.030;95%CI:3.821-4.250), low HDL-C(OR=4.003;95%CI:3.764-4.258) were closely correlated with the high TG. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in Urumqi area. Improving prevention knowledge, attention to life style, regular physical examination, abnormal condition in time, are important to prevent and reduce the occurrence of vascular diseases.

Objective To analyze the clinical epidemiology of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in the Xinjiang region. Methods Clinical data of the patients with PHC were collected at First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 5 577 cases from January 2002 to December 2014, their gender, race, age, household distribution, hepatitis virus-positive rate were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 5 577 eases, the men/women gender ratio was 3.45∶1;the proportion of Han, Uighur, Kazakh, and other ethnic groups (Hui, Mongolian, Manchu, Xibo) was 79.67%, 9.86%, 4.55%, 3.31%and 2.61%, respectively. The Constituent ratio difference between Uighur and Han was significant (P<0.05);4 232 patients had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, and 3 833 patients had HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) detection. HBsAg was positive in 2 560 cases (60.49%), HCV-Ab was positive in 490 cases (12.78%). Hepatitis B virus detection positive rate in Uygur was 35.52%, in Kazak was 40.00%, which was lower than the Han's (65.68%, P<0.05). Urban and rural population had 3589 cases (64.35%) and 1988 cases (35.65%). Conclusion An increased risk for PHC was found in hepatitis virus-positive patients, the Xinjiang Uygur and Kazak people had significantly lower prevalence of HBV infection than the Han's. Appropriate measures should be taken for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PHC.

Aim To introduce an improved method of Langendorff perfusion of the isolated rat heart that is easy to determine the termination of digestion.Methods Hearts were excised quickly from anesthetized SD rats.After the perfusate was free of blood,the solution was changed to perfusion buffer(0.6% Collagenase B,0.6% BSA,30 ?mol?L-1 Ca2+ in Tyrode solution)at 37℃.Hearts were isolated by traditional and improved Langendorff perfusion.Individual myocardial cell was measured by video-based motion edge-detection system(IonOptix,USA).Results One group of heart was digested by traditional Langendorff perfusion for 13~16 min.The termination of digestion could not be judged properly by this method.The nature and quality of the cardiocytes were various.The cardiocytes could not keep their survival and viability when exposed to Tyrode Solution with 1.8 mmol?L-1 Ca2+.Another group was digested by improved Langendorff perfusion.More than 80% survival cardiac ventricle myocytes could be obtained by improved Langendorff perfusion.Moreover,about 50% cardiac myocytes exposed to Tyrode solution with 1.8 mmol?L-1 Ca2+ could retain rod-shaped and be used to contraction research.The contraction of cardiocyte was stabile within 1 000 s.Conclusion Cardiac myocytes disassociated from improved Langendorff perfusion can be used in these studies of detecting contraction and relaxation.This method is economical and easy to control.The beginners are able to acquire the technological method over a short-term practice.

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA) was chosen to disperse multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) to prepare the stable PDDA-MWCNTs aqueous dispersion. Then, the positively charged PDDA-MWCNTs composite and negatively charged choline oxidase(ChOx) were employed to fabricate multilayer films on platinum(Pt) electrodes by layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, the anti-interferential film of Nafion was dropped at the end of the last multilayer films. The results showed that MWCNTs were evenly dispersed within the PDDA films and the multilayer films of (PDDA-MWCNTs)_n could improve the catalytic current response to choline significantly with the increased number of the multilayer films. The optimum assembly number was 6. The choline biosensor fabricated showed good linear correlation from 5×10~(-6)-2.5×10~(-4) mol/L with a detection limit of 2×10~(-6) mol/L(S/N=3), and the sensitivity was 21.97 mA/mol with a response time of 6.6 s, the RSD was less than 5%(n=3). Moreover, the biosensor exhibited an excellent anti-interferential property and a good stability.

OBJECTIVE To observe the protection of vitamin C on the cardiac injury induced by 50 nm titanium dioxide inmice.METHODS Kunming mice were ad mistered by ig of vitamin C 100,200 and 400 mg·kg -1 for 2 d.And then the mice were ad mistered by ig of nano-TiO2 2 g·kg -1 and vitamin C (100.0,200.0 and 400.0 mg·kg -1 )for 3 d,the interval of treatment with nano-TiO2 and vitamin C was 4 h.The mice were scarified 24 h later after the last ad ministration.Electrocardiogra m (ECG)was determinated by physiological recorder.The myocardial enzy mes activities in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in serum and myocardial tissue were determinated by bioche mical method.Cometassay was used to detect the DNA da mage of the heart. Heart tissue was used for histopathological exa mination by HE staining.RESULTS Co mpared with the control,ECG showed higher S-T and T-wave a mplitude of nano-TiO2 2 g·kg -1 (P<0.05).The myocar-dial enzy mes activities significantly increased and activities of SOD and GSH-Px significantly decreased in nano-TiO2 group,compared with the control group(P <0.05).Cometassay showed that olive tail mo ment (OTM)was significantly increased after nano-TiO2 2 g·kg -1 ,compared with the control group (P<0.05).The histopathology showed ede ma of myocardial cells,myofibril disorders and increasing infla mmatory cells.Vita min C 100,200 and 400 mg·kg -1 can decrease S-T in ECG,OTM,myocardial enzy mes activities,increase the SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum and myocardial tissue;reduce myocardial hypertrophy and infla mmatory cells.CONCLUSION nano-TiO2 can induce myocardial injury inmice and vitamin C can alleviate the da mage.The mechanism may be associated with the antioxidant ability of vitamin C inmyocardial tissue.

Objective To evaluate the relevant knowledge level and compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients,and explore the association of them. Method A total of 276 young and middle-aged hypertensive patients were surveyed using a hypertension knowledge level scale and treatment compliance questionnaire. Results The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on relevant knowledge was (62.55 ± 17.79). From different dimensions, the hypertensive patients got the highest score in the knowledge of their lifestyle,while they got the lowest score in their knowledge for complication.The average score of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients on treatment compliance was (71.53±9.87).From different dimensions,the hypertensive patients got the highest score in medication adherence,while they got the lowest score in exercise and pressure-relieving compliance.It showed that medication and drug compliance knowledge of middle-aged hypertensive patients was closely associated with treatment compliance(r=0.648, P<0.001)). Conclusions Both knowledge level and treatment compliance of young and middle-aged hypertensive patients should be improved.We should strengthen the population of knowledge about hypertension among young and middle-aged patients,especially the guidance of drug knowledge to improve their compliance.

The purpose of this article is to reviews the research done on stigma in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia， with a view to reducing stigma in the population and providing references for mental health workers to formulate relevant intervention measures. This paper conducted a review on the domestic and foreign literature on stigma in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia， in which the relevant research progress was elaborated from four aspects： related concepts， assessment tools， influencing factors and intervention measures， and the existing limitations and directions for future research were summarized.

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of MEHP on isolated rat heart and explore its mechanism. Methods: The experiments were performed with Langendorff-perfused rat heart with a Langendorff apparatus. 35 SD rats were used in the experiment and there were 5 rats per group. MEHP at doses of 3.125, 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L were given to the hearts for 25 minutes. Effects of NAC at concentration of 5 mmol/L were evaluated by co-treatment with 12.500 or 25.000 μmol/L MEHP. Data was collected per 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The heart rate, LVDP, LVEDP, dp/dtmax, and dp/dtmin were measured and analyzed using a PL3508 Data Acquisition and Analysis System. 200 waves at least were required each time. LDH contents in heart lavage fluid were determined by photometric assays using the automated biochemical analyzer. A section of the heart tissue was used for histopathological examination. DCFH-DA method was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species in different groups of heart tissues. Results: There was a concentration dependent decrease of heart rate (P<0.05) . At concentrations of 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, MEHP significantly decreased the LVDP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin (P<0.05) , and this decrease is more pronounced with perfusion time. As the MEHP was given up to 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, a statistical significance was found in the increase of LVEDP (P<0.05) . For dp/dtmin, a significant increase was observed at the concentration of 3.125 μmol/L when perfused with 10 and 15 min (P<0.05) , but this increase disappeared over time. LDH in cardiac perfusate increased as the MEHP given a higher concentration (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, Histopathological analysis showed edema of myocardial tissue and cells, and inflammatory cells infiltration and myocardial cells necrosis were obvious in the MEHP perfusion groups. Myocardial ROS levels of the four MEHP treatment groups were all significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) . These heart damage induced by MEHP could be attenuated by NAC in different degrees. Conclusion MEHP can induce damage to myocardial tissue of isolated rat heart and one possible mechanism is the oxidative stress