Hepatitis C and its complications are one of the highlights in liver disease prevention and control in China,and from the clinical practice 20 years ago to a cure rate of nearly 100％ at present,standardized diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C,a large number of scientific studies,and drug research and development are the basis for the clearance of HCV.Direct-acting antiviral agents play an important role in the clearance of HCV,and the clearance of HCV does not equal to the cure of chronic hepatitis C.For patients with hepatitis C who have achieved a high sustained virologic response rate after using direct-acting antiviral agents,their long-term prognosis should be taken seriously.Correct and reasonable application of hepatitis C treatment is still a hot issue that needs to be discussed at present.

Objective To investigate the role of serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase (SGK) 1 in the inflammatory responses mediated by toll like receptors.Methods Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS,1 mg/kg) 2 h after the pretreatment of EMD638683 (10 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control.At the time points of 3 and 24 h,pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6,IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in serum were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Livers and lung were harvested at 6 h and 24 h after the injection of LPS,embedded by optimum cutting temperature (OCT) and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Peripheral blood mononuelear cell (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated by LPS with or without the pretreatment of EMD or LY294002.Cytokines (IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-α) were measured using ELISA.IKKα/β,IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 were detected by Western bolt.Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance.Results In the model of LPS-induced endotoxin sepsis,inhibition of SGK1 induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=3.007,P＜0.05],IL-12[t=4.413,P＜0.05] and TNF-α[t=5.403,P＜0.05]),increased inflammatory cells infikration into the liver and lung within 6 h,and induced serious multiple organ damage with collapse of alveoli and fatty degeneration of liver.After 24 h,pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 with EMD638683 increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=18.540,P＜0.01],IL-12[t=16.520,P＜0.01] and TNF-α[t=34.880,P＜0.01]) production in human PBMC upon LPS stimulation and inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα/ β/IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65.Conclusions SGK1 suppresses the toll like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory responses via NF-κB.

Objective To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of spinal infections to assist the clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods Clinical data of all cases with spinal infections at He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively . The demographic characteristics , risk factors , clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated . Variables were compared by t‐test ,chi‐square test or Fisher exact test when appropriate .Results Totally 231 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed ,of which 179 (77 .5% ) were pyogenic spinal infection (PSI) and 52 (22 .5% ) were tuberculous spinal infection (TSI) .The most common risk factor for infection was history of previous spinal surgery or procedure (43 .3% ) ,followed by diabetes mellitus (14 .7% ) .The infection site of lumbosacral spine was prominent with 114 cases (63 .7% ) in PSI and 38 cases (73 .1% ) in TSI .At initial presentation ,white cell blood count ([10 .8 ± 4 .5] × 109/L vs [7 .3 ± 3 .2]× 109/L ,t=2 .685) and C‐reactive protein levels ([79 ± 33] vs [37 ± 21] mg/L ,t=6 .241) in PSI were higher compared to TSI (both P<0 .05) .The positive rate of blood culture was significant higher than tissue culture in PSI (47 .9% vs 21 .8% ,χ2 = 6 .782 , P< 0 .05 ) .But the positive rate of blood culture was significantly lower than tissue culture in TSI (0 vs 39 .4% ,χ2 =8 .312 , P<0 .05) .Surgical treatment was performed in 30 .2% of PSI and 25 .0% of TSI .Conclusions History of spinal surgery or procedure is the most common risk factor for spinal infections , followed by diabetes mellitus . The lumbosacral spine is the common involved site in both PSI and TSI .The incidence of PSI is higher among spinal infections in our hospital .And Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogenic bacteria in PSI .

Objective:To study the boiling water brewing extraction of astragalus polysaccharides in order to solve the problems of long cycle , high energy consumption and poor clarity in the traditional extraction , and lay foundation for the industrial production . Methods:Using the extraction yield of astragalus polysaccharide as the evaluation index and phenol -sulfuric acid method applied to de-termine the content of astragalus polysaccharide , the boiling water brewing extraction was used for astragalus polysaccharides .The effects of brewing time , boiling water amount and brewing times on the polysaccharide content were studied by single factor experi -ments, and then an orthogonal design method was used to screen the optimum technology parameters .The traditional water decoction extraction process was employed as the control .Results:The optimum conditions of boiling water brewing were as follows:adding 9-fold amount of water and soaking 60 min for three times.The astragalus polysaccharides extraction yield (4.81) of the optimal technology was higher than that of the traditional water decoction extraction (4.06%).Conclusion:Boiling water brewing method used to extract astragalus is with high extraction yield , simple operation , short cycle and low energy consumption , the color of astragalus polysaccha-ride is light, and it is clear after dissovled in water , which is superior to the traditional water decoction extraction method , and provide a new method with broad application prospect for the preparation of astragalus related preparations .

To compare the effects of immune enhancement, anti-fatigue and anoxia tolerance on mice of four kinds of dodder seeds in Shandong Province.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term prognostic value of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) combined with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:From December 2015 to December 2018, 182 patients with HBV-ACLF who were treated in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were included. Prognosis and clinical data including HDL-C, total bilirubin, international standardized ratio (INR), creatinine of patients within 24 hours after admission were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The values of MELD were calculated. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting 90-day mortality in HBV-ACLF patients.The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) and MedCalc 15.2 software were used to assess the predictive value of MELD, HDL-C and MELD-HDL-C model for prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was performed to analyze the prognosis of patients in different groups.Results:Sixty patients were divided into the death group and 122 patients were divided into the survival group according to the prognosis during hospitalization and 90 days after discharge. The MELD score of patients in the survival group was 21(19, 24), which was significantly lower than that in the death group (29(25, 34)), and the HDL-C value of patients in the survival group was significantly higher than that in the death group (0.3 (0.1, 0.6) mmol/L vs 0.2(0.1, 0.5) mmol/L). The differences were both statistically significant ( Z=-6.290 and -4.087, respectively, both P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MELD score and HDL-C value were the independent risk factors for 90-day mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF(odds ratio ( OR)=1.432, 95% confidence interval ( CI)1.271-1.613; OR=0.584, 95% CI 0.487-0.700, respectively; both P<0.01). Areas under the ROC of MELD, HDL-C and MELD-HDL-C scoring models were 0.775, 0.782 and 0.878, respectively. MELD-HDL-C scoring model was superior to both MELD and HDL-C , and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=3.944 and 3.104, respectively, both P<0.01). When the MELD-HDL-C Youden′s index was set at 0.72, the optimal threshold was 24.69. Patients with MELD-HDL-C score≥24.69 had lower survival rate than patients with MELD-HDL-C score<24.69, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=142.900, P<0.01). Conclusion:MELD, HDL-C and MELD-HDL-C scoring systems could predict the short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF, and the predictive value of MELD-HDL-C has the superiority.

Objective: To compare the effects of invigorating the kidney and strengthening yang on four kinds of Semen Custutae. Methods: Sexual organs of juvenile rat and shen yang deficiency rat were weighed to analyze its contents of SOD and MDA. Results: Alcohol extracts of four kinds of Semen Custutae have conspicuous effects on increasing weight of sexual organs. Water extracts of Semen Custutae have better effects on raising the contents of SOD and MDA and increasing weight of immune organs of shen yang deficiency rat. Conclusion: The effects of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and C.australis R. Br. have better than that of C. japonica Choisy and C.lupuliformis Krockr in invigorating the kidney and strengthening yang.

Objective To explore the sensitivity and accuracy of directly sequenced core and non-structrural protein (NS)5B regions for hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotyping.Methods Fifty-one serum samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were collected in the study.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify core and NS5B regions.Genotypes or subtypes were determined by the phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core and NS5B regions.Results Among the 51 samples,49 (96.1 %)were successfully typed by phylogenetic analysis of directly sequenced core region.There were overall five genotypes determined in the area,including 1b (61 .2%,30/49 ),2a (20.4%,10/49 ),2b (2.0%,1/49),3a (4.1 %,2/49 )and 6a (12.2%,6/49 ).The positive rate of HCV genotying was 88.2% (45/51 )on the basis of NS5B region.HCV genotypes 1b,2a,2b,3a and 6a were found in 62.2% (28/45),20.0% (9/45 ),2.2% (1/45 ),4.4% (2/45 )and 11 .1 % (5/45 )of the patients, respectively.Conclusion The HCV genotyping based on core regions,compared with that based on NS5B,shows the advantages of primer design,amplification efficiency and accuracy,suggesting that it has the priority to be used in the epidemiological and clinical study of HCV genotyping.

Objective To investigate the virological response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 1b relapsers after 48 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV)combination retreatment,and to explore the predictive value of interleukin (IL )-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphismon virological response.Methods From 2012 to 2014,genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C (CHC)relapsers in He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital were retreated with combined peg-IFN/RBV for 48 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Host IL-28B genetic polymorphism was detected.Predictive factors associated with virological response and sustained virological response (SVR)were analyzed.Independent-samples t test was conducted in continuous variables,whileχ2 test or Fisher exact probability test was conducted in counts data.Results A total of 61 patients finished 48 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV combination therapy and were further followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Mean age was (46.7 ±12.4)years.Thirty-seven patients (60.7%)were male and 49 were rs12978960 CC genotype.After 48 weeks of retreatment with peg-IFN/RBV and 24 weeks of off-treatment follow-up,40 patients (65 .6%)achieved SVR.Rapid virological response (RVR)and SVR of younger patients were both significantly higher than those of older patients (100.0% vs 67.4% and 85 .0% vs 47.6%,respectively;both P =0.006).IL-28B rs12978960 genotype was predictive to RVR and SVR.Patients with RVR and SVR had higher carriage rates of IL-28B rs12978960 CC genotype compared with those without RVR and SVR (both P <0.05 ).Patients with CC genotype had higher rates of RVR (34.1 % vs 0;χ2 = 10.625 ,P =0.006 ),end-of-treatment virological response (84.1 % vs 70.6%;χ2 =5 .563,P =0.039 )and SVR (77.3% vs 35 .3%;χ2 =9.572,P =0.007)than those with CT/TT genotype.However,there were no statistical differences of extended RVR (34.1 % vs 29.4%;χ2 =0.122,P =0.809)and early virological response (79.5 % vs 82.3%;χ2 =0.612,P =0.964).Conclusions Retreatment with antiviral therapy is necessary in CHC patients with genotype 1b. IL-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphism is predictive to the SVR of retreatment,especially for patients without RVR,which will provide individualized treatment and optimize the treatment strategy.

Objective To screen the mutations of MYOC gene in a Chinese primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) family from Cbengqing and investigate the relationship between the mutations in MYOC/TIGR gene and POAG.Methods In a large 4-generation glaucoma family, myocilin gene (MYOC) was screened in 39 family members, 8 of which were confirmed patients. Normal controls included 100 normal Chinese subjects.The known mutations of MYOC gene ( including G34C, C136T, G144T, G227A, C624G,G736A, C1009G, A1036G, C1081T, G1099A, G1138A, A1139C, T1430A, C1441A and C1442T) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) , po]ymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing.Results G227A mutation was detected in 2 POAG patients and 1 asymptomatic patient, but not in the controls.Cl009del mutation was identified in all patients of the pedigree and an offspring member but not in the controls. No other mutations were detected.Since the C1009del mutation was revealed for the first time, a new GenBank number FJ237047 correponding to ACI62293 was applied.Conclusions The G227A mutation is a known site and there is no relationship between G227A mutation and glaucoma. But C1009del may be related to glaucoma which suggests that morbidity could be higher in the relatives of POAG than the controls.