Objective To investigate the association of the polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene 27bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) with essential hypertension (EH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Chinese population. Methods (1) Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-agarose gel electrophoresis. (2) Fasting serum nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured by nitrate reductase. (3) During oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C peptide (CP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results (1) The frequenciesofaalleleinEHandtype2DMgroupwere significantly higher than that in control group (0.109 vs 0.051; 0.129vs 0.051, P

Objective To observe the effect of diliazem on cerebral oxygen metabolism during the period of blood pressure lowering in hypertensive urgencies.Methods 30 patients of hypertensive urgencies were randomized into two groups with 15 cases each.Group Ⅰ was administered with nitroglycerin.Group Ⅱ was administered with diliazem.Nitroglycerin was injected from 2.5?g/(kg?min).Group Ⅱ were received intravenous injection of diltiazem 5~10 mg,and then were continuously infusion by 5~15?g/kg/min with mictosyringe.Blood gas analysis was carried out by taking blood samples from right internal jugular vein bulb and radial artery,and D(a-jv)O2 and CEO2 were calculated before,during and after induced blood pressure lowering 0.5,1,2,3 hours.Results Compared with those in group Ⅰ,SjvO2 increased significantly in group Ⅱ(P0.05).Conclusion Diltiazem can decrease cerebral metabolism,improve oxygenation and play a role in cerebral protection in hypertensive urgencies.

0.05 ) in baseline study. The atrial pressure in AF group had higher increase than no AF group. (3) there was greater AERP dispersion in patients with PAF than that in those without PAF during baseline study and PSVT (P

Type B insulin resistance (TBIR) is a rare disease caused by the presence of insulin receptor autoantibodies (IRA).African middle-aged women are predisposed to it.Most patients have an underlying autoimmune disease,most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The patients predominantly present with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis ranging from extreme insulin resistance and symptomatic hyperglycemia to lifethreatening hypoglycemia,usually accompanied with manifestation of insulin resistance such as acanthosis nigricans,hyperandrogenism,and polycystic ovary.The diagnosis can be established by the elevation of IRA.We herewith report a ease of TBIR complicated with SLE,and the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of TBIR are reviewed.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.It is of great value to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of MCI.Studies have shown that diabetes may cause damage to both the structure and function of brain tissue,resulting in MCI.We published one article in Diabetes Care titled Serum level of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products and other factors in type 2 diabetes patients with mild cognitive impairment to elaborate the relationship between diabetes and MCI.

Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1 D) has been identified as a new subtype of idiopathic diabetes.FT1D is characterized by abrupt and complete destruction of pancreatic β cells,with diabetic ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis occurring within a week after the onset of hyperglycemic symptoms.At the time of initial presentation,plasma glucose level is increased,with near normal HbA1C.Serum pancreatic enzyme is elevated in the majority of patients with FT1D.Flu-like symptoms or gastrointestinal symptoms precede disease onset in most of patients.However,the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear.Factors such as viral infection,autoimmune,and pregnancy based on the background of genes may account for FT1D.We herewith report two cases of FT1 D,and review its clinical features,diagnosis,and treatment.

With light and electron microscope, we studied the morphology of the thymus of the neonatal mouse. The results showed: 1.the lobules of the thymus had not well developed and there was no distinct demarcation between the cortex and medulla; 2.a cyst composed of epithelial cells with microvilli or cilia might be frequently seen in the medulla; 3.occasionally small lymphocytes with some glycogen particles in their cytoplasm were observed; 4.only a few small-sized thymic corpusles existed in the medulla, The article also described the ultrastructure of the lymphocytes, epithelial reticular cells, macrophage, interdigitating cell and blood-thymus barrier in the thymus of the neonatal mouse.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Changqin No. 1 combined with Western therapy for severe traumatic brain injury and its effects on prognosis. Methods Totally 65 cases of severe traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=32) and the control group (n=33). The control group was treated with basic Western therapy (dehydration reduction of intracranial pressure, nutrition nerve, scavenging oxygen free radicals, improve cerebral circulation, nutritional support and maintain the internal environment stability, anti-infection, prevention and treatment of complications, hyperbaric oxygen). The treatment group was treated with Changqin No. 1 plus the basis of routine treatment, 1 dosage per day, 2 times stomach tube nasal feeding or blunt, for 14 d. One month after treatment, awake rate, awake time, the incidence of complications and MMSE in both groups were compared. Three months after treatment, the prognosis of two groups were compared by GOS. Results One month after treatment, the awake rate in treatment group was 77.4% (24/31) and 53.1% (17/32) in the control group, with statistical significance (χ2=4.089, P=0.043), and the death rate was 0. The awake time in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (t=2.458, P=0.017). The incidence of pulmonary infection in the treatment group was lower than the control group (P=0.001). There was no statistical significance in urinary tract infection, epilepsy, liver and kidney dysfunction rate of the two groups (P>0.05). The number of awake case was 24 in the treatment group and 17 in the control group. The number of normal MMSE cognitive function was 3 in the treatment group and 2 in the control group, and the treatment group was better than the control group (Z=-2.205, P=0.027). Three months after treatment, the good prognosis was 58.08% (18/31) in the treatment group and 28.12%(9/32) in the control group, with statistical significance (χ2=5.763, P=0.016). Conclusion Changqin No. 1 combined with Western basic treatment can help patients with severe traumatic head injury awake early, reduce pulmonary infection complications, and improve the cognitive function of sober patients and improve the prognosis.

Objective To discuss the influence of preventive calcium supplementation on the recovery of parathyroid glands function after total thyroidectomy.Methods 232 patients meeting the selected criteria were randomly assigned to group A and B,and then divided into group A1 (87 cases,PTH ＞8 pg/ml)and A2 (30 cases,PTH ＜8 pg/ml),group B1(83 cases,PTH＞8 pg/ml)and B2(32 cases,PTH ＜8 pg/ml) based on the lowest parathyroid hormone( PTH )value within 3 days after surgery.All patients in group A were immediately supplemented 10％ calcium gluconate intravenously 6 g/d after operation.For group B,post operative calcium supplementation was not given,however,anyone whose PTH ＜ 8 pg/ml was supplemented 10％ calcium gluconate intravenously 6 g/d no matter hypocalcemia occurred or not.The level of serum calcium and PTH of all patients were assayed before operation and at the 1st,2nd,3rd day,1st week and 1st month after operation.In additon,patients with hypocalcemia received serum calcium and PTH detection at the 2nd and 3rd week.Whether hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism occurred or not was recorded.Results ( 1 )The serum PTH was obviously higher in group A1 than in group B1 at the 1st week after operation( P ＜0.05 ).The serum calcium was obviously higher in group A1 than in group B1 at the 1st,2nd,3rd day and 1st week after operation(P ＞0.05).The hypocalcaemia and symptomatic hypocalcaemia incidence were obviously lower in group A1 than in group B1 (P ＜ 0.05 ).(2)① Group A2 had obviously higher level of serum PTH than group B2 at the 1 st,2nd,and 3rd week after operation ( P ＜0.05 ) and returned to normal level of serum PTH earlier than group B2.② Group A2had obviously higher level of serum calcium than group B2 from the 1 st day to the 3rd week after operation ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and returned to normal level of serum calcium earlier than group B2.③ The hypocalcaemia and symptomaic hypocalcaemia incidence ware obviously lower in group A2 than in group B2 (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The preventive calcium supplementation is beneficial for the recovery of the function of parathyroid glands after total thyroidectomy.

Factor Xa is a trypsin-like serine protease playing a pivotal role in the blood coagulation cascade.Factor Xa and its inhibitors are of great importance in the development of orally active antithrombotic agents and have aroused considerable attention from the pharmaceutical industry sector over the years.In this review,the structural characteristics of the factor Xa binding site are discussed and the X-ray information available together with the published structure-activity relationship data is used to identify the molecular interactions that are most important for tight enzyme-inhibitor binding,which would be useful in the structure-based drug design of novel factor Xa inhibitors.