In view of risk characteristics of surgical site infection,the risk factors of the infection were graded and classified while the risk indicators system and risk assessment matrix for surgical site infection were built,based on literature analysis,integrated use of documents analysis,Delphi method and risk quantification matrix.The study indicated that surgical skills of the surgeon and surgical time length are the most important risk factors,followed by insufficient maintenance of the operating room environment and poor baseline assessment of the patient.Risk control of surgical site infection needs to focus on these key factors,optimize utilization of resources and improve the prevention and control ability of surgical site infection.

Objective To investigate the current situation of management of institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Hubei Province so as to explore the probable competency building standards for these institutions at the county and township levels. Methods By using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods the institutions of schistosomiasis prevention and control at county and township levels were investigated for the institutional setup staffing and fulfillment func-tions since the reform of 2004. Results Among 63 schistosomiasis endemic counties cities districts of Hubei Province there were 26 independent schistosomiasis control institutions 41.27% there were 24 institutions which were incorporated in-to CDC 38.10% and there were no institutions in 13 counties 20.63% . Among 518 endemic towns there were 299 institu-tions 57.72% . The total staffing size were 1 932 but there were 1 586 82.09% people actually working in the post and therefore there were 346 17.91% empty positions. The average rates of carrying out the six functions were 91.48%-71.19%but only 19.23%of the institutions participated in the comprehensive schistosomiasis control management project and its effect assessment. Conclusion According to the management model for schistosomiasis control institutions under the current institu-tional mechanisms we need a rigorous industry standard to constrain guide and standardize the management and capacity-building of the institutions in different historical periods.

Objective To understand the human resources of the grassroots institutions of schistosomiasis control and pre?vention so as to provide the evidence for formulating the standards of institutional capacity?building. Methods By using the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods the hierarchy of schistosomiasis control institution workers structural fea?tures of workers and benefits of workers were investigated and the results were analyzed statistically after the 2004 reform. Re?sults The constituent ratios of personnel≤30 years old 30 to 45 years old and≥45 years old were 6.8% 64.0%and 29.2%respectively with an average age of 43.1 years. For education levels 61.35%of the personnel had secondary or high school lev?els. At the city level the structural proportion of the senior professional medium professional and primary professional titles was 1.4∶5.6∶3.0 and at the county level the proportion was 0.5∶6.1∶3.4. There was 14 200 yuan per capita at the township schistosomiasis control institutions. Conclusion The technology of the personnel in schistosomiasis institutions of Hubei Prov?ince is weak the average age of personnel is old and the salary is low.

Objective To discuss the importance of saving the life of patients and the severity assessment in early emergency for the trauma and hemorrhagic shock patients in the first-aid of pre-hospital and emergency department.Methods Retrospective anal-ysis of the 182 patients data.Results With early and aggressive treatment,177 cases of survival,5 cases of death,and the survival rate 97.3%.Conclusion The disease of traumatic shock patients is complex,high mortality.the early detection,taking timely and effective rescue measures are the key to increase the survival rate.

Objective To explore the methods and the effect of the surgical treatment of patients with chronic ischemia of extremities.Methods In recent 6 years,the clinical data of 75 patients,including 7 upper(extremities) and 71 lower extremities with chronic ischemia,treated surgically were reviewed retrospectively.The surgical treatment included: traditional operation in 65 cases,interventional surgery in 4 cases and stem cell transplantation in 6 cases.Results Sixty-three patients(66 extremities) were followed up from 2 to 56 months after the surgical treatment,and the result showed that 9 extremities of 8 patients were amputated(within) 1 year(13.6%).In the other cases(83.3%),the ischemic symptoms were relieved or(disappeared),the ulcer healed or the amputating level had lowered(3.0%).The effective rate of the surgical treatment was 86.3%.Conclusions The appropriate surgical treatment of chronic ischemia limbs should be choiced based on the ischemic state of the limb,and a satisfactory result can be obtained in most patients.

Objective To understand the screening results and positive lesion situation of colonoscopy screening among high risk urban population of colon cancer in Chongqing Nan'an District to provide a basis for the community heath guidance.Methods The high risk subjects of colon cancer screened according to the item of the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of China Urban Cancer and in our center for completing colonoscopy screening during 2013-2016 were collected and analyzed on the positive rates of various lesions.Results A total of 435 subjects were included,141 positive cases were found with the total positive rate of 32.41％ (141/435),in which 75 cases were male positive with the positive rate of 47.47％ (75/158),and 66 cases were female positive with the positive rate of 23.83 ％ (66/277),the polyps detective rate was 28.27 ％ (123/435),tumor-like lesion detective rate was 7.59％(33/435),the adenocarcinoma detection rate was 0.46％ (2/435);the total positive rate of male was higher than that of female(x2 =25.669,P＜0.01).Conclusion The sequential screening mode in which the high risk population preliminarily screened out by community then performs colonoscopy examination has an important significance for discovering the intestinal tract lesion.

A cidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithotrophic microorganism capable of using ferrous ions and sulphides as energy sources. This microorganism has an important role in the bioleaching of minerals. During this process, the bacteria are normally subjected to several stressing conditions, such as temperature changes, lack of nutrients or pH changes, which may affect the efficiency of the bacterial action. SELDI is a recent technology that allows for high-throughput proteomics studies. The Protein Chip SELDI technology was used to generate comparative protein profiles of A c idithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown under phosphate starvation or normal condition additionally adding Fe2+ as energy resource. There were 13 significantly differential expressed protein's peaks found by using SELDI Protein Chip technologies, which made a solid foundation for further isolation these low molecular proteins by adopting technologies such as HPLC etc.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis attracts much attention in tissue engineering field. Previous research has proved that a two-dimensional culture of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of VEGF on three-dimensional angiogenesis.METHODS: Endothelial progenitor cells were separated from the SD rat bone marrow. At about 70%-80% fusion, rat tail collagen gel was added to establish three-dimensional models. Samples in the experimental group were incubated in complete culture solution containing M199 culture media, fetal bovine serum, VEGF, and double antibody. The samples in the control group were incubated with VEGF-free culture media. In vitro culture and amplification of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells were determined at 1, 4, 7, and-20 days after incubation. Morphology and quantitative analysis were performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after three-dimensional model establishment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endothelial progenitor cells grew from three-dimensional matrix into collagen matrix in the experimental group. Budding and infiltration were observed in the collagen within 24 hours, and branching-like structure was then gradually formed. Cells in the control group grew slowly, with slowing budding, small tubiform structure, superficial infiltration into COllagen, sparse network structure, and non-intact. Numbers of newborn vessels in the expedmental group were significantly greater than control group (P<0.01). A detection on gel block showed positive expressions of endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-3 on the 3~(rd), 6~(th), 9~(th), and 12~(th) days. The results demonstrated that VEGF mobilized and induced endothelial progenitor cells in order to promote angiogenesis. Rat tail collagen gel induced endothelial progenitor cells which behaved migration, proliferation, and pullulation of angiogenesis.

Aim To study the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on expression of Caspase-3 and UPP associated genes in the apoptosis of human hepatocelluar cancer cells.Methods HepG2 cells were treated with MG132 (2,5,10 ?mol?L -1) for 24 h. The apoptotic cells were determined with flow cytometric analysis. The levels of E1, E2, E3 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression were detected with RT-PCR. Caspase-3 protein expression was detected with immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that the increase of the degree of HepG2 cell apoptosis was concentrationly dependent. RT-PCR showed that E1, E2 and E3 gene expressions were decreased in the treatment group. MG132 down-regulated the gene expression of E1, E2, E3 and up-regulated the gene/protein expression of Caspase-3. Conclusion Proteasome inhibitor MG132 may induce HepG2 cells apoptosis by inhibitting UPP activity,up-regulating the gene/protein expression of Caspase-3.

Objective To explore the suitable range of PT-INR for Chinese people with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) treated by warfarin anticoagulation therapy. Methods Eighty seven DVT patients with indications to warfarin anticoagulation therapy were enrolled into the study and divide into two groups randomly. Patients from group A (n=47) took warfarin to adjust the PT-INR to range 1.7-2. 5,and patients from group B (n =40) took warfarin to adjust the PT-INR to range 2. 0-3. 0. The therapeutic effectiveness and the incidence of bleeding complications were compared between two groups. Results Forty-six patients (46/47,98%) had limb swelling symptoms relief in group A with one exception,which was diagnosed as pelvic tumor by ultrasonography,CT and tumor markers examination later. No patient underwent bleeding in group A Thirty eight patients (38/40,93%) had limb swelling symptoms relief in group group B with two exceptions,of which one case had Cockett syndrome and the other one had unknown aetiology. The total effective rate of group B was 95% . As to the complications of this group,3 patients had slight gum and nasal mucous membrane bleeding, 1 patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding. No patients had pulmonary embolism in both groups. Conclusion For Chinese people,anticoagulation therapy of acute deep venous thrombosis to adjust the range of PT-INR to 1.7-2. 5, shows good effectiveness and significantly reduced bleeding complications.