Objective:To investigate middle school students' parent-related fears of poor performance on im- portant examinations in the United Stated and China.Methods:The“Failure Outcome Expectancy (FOE)”inventory was used to measure students' perceptions of test anxiety in a sample of 1,215 public middle school students,ages 14and 15.Results:The findings indicated that students in different countries reported similar trends in the reasons for their parent-related test anxiety including student worries with respect to confidence about admission to higher institu- tions,and student contributions to parental annoyances in relation to academic achievement.However,cross-cultural differences revealed that Chinese students reported significantly expectations,or the potential for annoying their par- ents than American students.American students reported a significantly stronger preoccupation about their capacity to face challenges in life than Chinese students.Additionally,gender differences were more significant in the western culture of the United States than in China.American female students reported stronger perceptions on seven items of parent-related causes of their test anxiety than Chinese female students.Chinese male students reported stronger pre- occupation only on two items than their American counterpart.Conclusion:Chinese and American students have similar trends in the reasons for their parent-related test anxiety.There are also culture difference and gender differ- ence in this problem.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Air Pollution, Indoor ; statistics & numerical data ; Hong Kong ; Noise, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Restaurants ; statistics & numerical data ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the potential of chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML) cell line KCL22 in indu-cing leukemia in NOD-SCID mice for setting up a basis for constructing a CML mouse transplantation tumor model. Methods 2 ×107 KCL22 cells in logarithmic growth phase were injected via the tail vein into experimental NOD-SCID mice whereas PBS was injected to the mice of control group.General condition of the mice of both groups was observed.Wright staining was used to observe the changes of blood and bone marrow smears.PCR was conducted to detect the transcription level of BCR-ABL, and histology with HE staining was used to evaluate the tumor cell invasion in the liver and spleen. Results Four weeks after the injection of KCL22 cells, the mice in experimental group showed physical signs of decreased reactivity, depression, swollen hindlimb muscles and petechia on the hindlimb femur.Peripheral white blood cells ( WBC) began to increase after 5 weeks, with a significantly increased quantity compared with the control group (P<0.05).Imma-ture granulocytes could be seen in blood and bone marrow smears, and tumor cell infiltration was found in the liver and spleen.BCR-ABL was highly expressed in bone marrow cells.Survival time of the experimental mice without therapy was 70 days, significantly shorter than that in the control group ( >90 days) (P<0.05).Conclusions A NOD-SCID mouse model of CML transplantation tumor is successfully established with leukemia KCL22 cells.

Objective To construct BCR-ABL SH3-T79Y mutant recombinant adenovirus vectors and investigate its effects on apoptosis of K562/G01 cells.Methods SH3-T79Y mutant was amplified by overlapping PCR with pMig210 as template and cloned into recombinant adenovirus vectors .After identifying , packaging and amplifying , the recombinant adenovirus vectors containing SH 3-T79Y mutant was collected .Recombinant adenovirus vectors were transferred into K562/G01 cells.Then transfection efficiency was determinated , changes of cell morphology were observed by Wright 's staining , cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry , BCR-ABL and CrkL phospho-rylation was detected by Western blot .Results The vectors were successfully constructed .Transfection efficiency was more than 80%after transferring into K562/G01 cells for 72 h;there was obvious apoptosis phenomenon , cell apoptosis significantly increased to 32.46% compared with the control groups ( P<0.05 ) , BCR-ABL and CrkL phosphorylation significantly decreased and so did the expression of BCR-ABL( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Success-fully constructed the SH 3-T79 Y mutant recombinant adenovirus vectors and it may promote the apoptosis of K 562/G01 cells by inhibiting BCR-ABL and CrkL phosphorylation .

OBJECTIVETo study the selective dilatation effects of iptakalim (Ipt) on basilar and pulmonary arterioles, and endothelial cell function of these arterioles in hypoxic rats.

METHODSSD male rats were divided into 2 groups:control and hypoxic group fed in normobaric hypoxic environment (O2 7.8%, 8 h). Arteriole rings about (204 + 5) pm were isolated and the tension of hypoxic arterioles pre-contracted by 6 nmol/L endothelin-1 (ET-1) was observed with wire myograph system model (DMT 610 m). The relaxing response of hypoxic arterioles induced by different concentration of Ipt were detected and endothelial activity was also tested by acetylcholine.

RESULTS10(5) mol/L acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated vasodilatation of basilar and pulmonary arterioles was greatly reduced in the hypoxic group than those in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with normal group, a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener Ipt at the concentration ranging from 10(-11) mol/L to 10(3) mol/L, caused stronger dose dependent vasodilatation on hypoxic pulmonary arterioles, and there was no significant difference between control and hypoxic basilar arterioles.

CONCLUSIONThe endothelial function of basilar and pulmonary arterioles was damaged under hypoxic state, and Ipt selectively increased dilatation effects on hypoxic pulmonary arterioles, but not on hypoxic basilar arterioles which could improve high altitude pulmonary edema pathological state and be the novel drug in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

Acetylcholine ; pharmacology ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Arterioles ; drug effects ; Dilatation ; Endothelin-1 ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; KATP Channels ; drug effects ; Male ; Propylamines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Vasodilation ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of cytokeratin19(CK19) mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expression of CK19 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the peripheral blood from 98 NSCLC patients (NSCLC group), 20 benign pulmonary lesion patients (benign pulmonary lesion group) and 20 healthy adults(control group). Results The positive rate of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood of NSCLC group, benign pulmonary lesion group and control group was 77.55 % (76/98), 3.57% (1/28),0 (0/20) respectively,and there was significant difference among three groups ( x2 = 73.680,P ＜ 0.01 ). The positive rate of CK19 mRNA in different pathological types of NSCLC had no significant difference (x2 =0.414, P ＞ 0.05 ), but had significant difference in different lymphy node metastasis status( x2 = 17.523, P ＜0.01 ) and different clinical stage ( x2 =13.453,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The higher expression of CK19mRNA in peripheral blood of NSCLC may relate to cancer metastasis. Detection of CK19 mRNA has significance in early prediction of its prognosis.

AIM:To detect the activation of macrophage autophagy caused by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) and the possible related signaling pathways .METHODS:The macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cultured in vitro was divided into 5 groups according to the culture environment , including normal culture group , starvation-activated sautophagy group , LPS group, LPS+PI3K inhibitor (hVps34) group and LPS+mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) group.Fluorescent expression vector pcDNA3.1-GFP-LC3 constructed in previous work was transfected into the macrophages .The fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the formation of autophagosome .The mRNA expression of autophagy-associated genes Atg5, Atg7, LC3-II and Bnip3 in the macrophages was detected by qRT-PCR.The protein levels of LC3-II, p-Akt and p-mTOR were deter-mined by Western blotting , so as to evaluate the molecular pathways of autophagy in LPS-activated macrophages .RE-SULTS:The macrophages stably expressing GFP-LC3 were successfully established , which were used to observe the auto-phagy under fluorescence microscope .Compared with normal culture group , the autophagy in starvation group , LPS +hVps34 group and LPS+rapamycin group was significantly increased .The mRNA expression levels of Atg5, LC3-II and Bnip3 were significantly increased in starvation group , LPS+hVps34 group and LPS +rapamycin group , while in LPS group, those decreased slightly .The protein level of p-Akt in starvation group , LPS group and LPS+rapamycin group was significantly increased , while p-mTOR in starvation group , LPS+hVps34 group and LPS+rapamycin group significantly declined .LC3-II expression level in starvation group , LPS+hVps34 group and LPS+rapamycin group was higher than that in control group and LPS group .CONCLUSION: LPS regulates macrophage autophagy , and its possible pathway is the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, but there are some other effective regulatory pathways .

BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic proteins are associated with the formation and development of scars. Fibroblasts are closely related to the proliferation and maturation of scars. However, the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in fibroblasts in different stage of hypertrophic scars remains poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4, bone morphogenetic protein 7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts in different stage of hypertrophic scars.
METHODS:The immunohistochemical SP method was employed to detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4, bone morphogenetic protein 7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts in 20 cases of proliferative stage hypertrophic scar and 20 cases of maturation stage hypertrophic scar. Al samples were obtained from the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 in fibroblasts in proliferative hypertrophic scars significantly elevated compared with mature hypertrophic scars (P<0.05). In various stages of hypertrophic scars, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts was not obviously different (P>0.05). Results demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 expression down-regulated during the development from proliferative stage to maturation stages in fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars. However, there was no change in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA.

Objective: To explore the correlation of plasma level N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with non-diabetic acute myocardial infarction (AMI) combining stress hyperglycemia.
Methods: A total of 327 non-diabetic AMI patients treated in our hospital from 2012-02 to 2014-05 were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to fasting blood glucose level:Stress group, the patients with blood glucose≥7.0 mmol/L, n=182 and Non-stress group, the patients with blood glucose<7.0 mmol/L, n=145. The basic clinical condition, laboratory tests within 24 hours of onsets, echocardiography and 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram were examined;the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac shock and sudden cardiac death in 2 weeks of onsets were analyzed and compared between 2 groups.
Results: The patients’ age, gender, history of hypertension, smoking, drinking, and blood levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05. Plasma levels of NT-proBNP, CK-MB, MYO, ultra-TnI, ALT, AST and blood glucose level were signiifcantly different between 2 groups P<0.01. NT-proBNP level was positively related to
ultra-TnI (r2=0.811, r=0.901, P<0.01). Stress group presented obviously higher incidence of MACE (P<0.05), lower LVEF (P<0.01), and signiifcantly increased left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left ventricular end systolic diameter (P<0.01) than those in Non-stress group.
Conclusion: Plasma levels of NT-proBNP may judge the severity and evaluate recent prognosis in patients with non-diabetic AMI combining stress hyperglycemia, it could be used as a risk indicator for relevant patients in clinical practice.