With the rapid development of turfgrass industry in our country,more and more attentions are paid to the genetic breeding of turfgrass. Biotechnology has great application potential in varietals improvement of tall fescue,which is commonly grown as cool-season turf grass in the temperate region. The establishment of tall fescue regeneration and genetic transformation systems was summarized. Meanwhile,the historical and present situations of tall fescue breeding are introduced. The part of tall fescue regeneration was expounded from different explants and approaches. While,the part of genetic transformations was expounded from different means. At last,problems and prospects of genetic transformation of tall fescue are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Consensus ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; methods ; Tumor Burden

Objective To compare the thickness of the retina and its sublayers between young and elderly rats using a stereological method. Methods Six young(3 months old) and six elderly(2 year old) LongEvans rats were used in this study.The right eyeball was dissected from each rat and prepared as a set of serial sagittal sections and applied with HE staining.The sections and fields were sampled in the systematic random fashion and examined under a light microscope.The thickness of the whole retina and its 8 sublayers were identified and measured. Results Compared with that of the young rats,the thickness of the whole retina and most of the sublayers of the elderly rats were significantly decreased.The decrease was such so that the proportion of the thickness of each sublayer to that of the whole retina remained unchanged.Most interestingly,among the 8 sublayers of the retina,the thickness of the exterior plexus layer reduced nearly 46.2% during aging process.Conclusion Aging has a significant effect on the thickness of the rat retina.Such effect is better presented with the systematic random sampling method.

Three candidate antisense target sites of mouse Fas gene were screened by PARASS (poly-A anchored RNA accessible sites screening) technology. They were target at Fas gene 297nt-317nt, 618nt- 638nt and 662nt-682nt. Antisense oligos (A1, A2 and A3) and DNAzymes (D1, D2, and D3) for every target site were designed and synthesized. In vitro, the validation of the sites were judged by antisense oligos included RNase H splicing and the DNAzyme degradation. The results indicated that A1, A2 and A3 introduced RNase H degradation. DNAzymes D1, D2 and D3 cleaved Fas mRNA effectively. Neither degradation observed in antisense oligo RNase H group in non-target site (1211-1231nt) and 2 bases mismatched of A3, nor splicing occurred in DNzyme group in non-target site ( 1211-1231nt) and 2 bases mismatched of D3. Site 2 and 3 were at the same positions with those of ISIS Pharmaceuticals. The effective antisense oligos and DNAzymes for Fas gene could be used for the research subsequently.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the stress distribution in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with different depth of curve of Spee (CS) by three-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEM).

METHODSFEM with different depth of CS were established. The depth was 2.50, 0 and 4.50 mm (model 0, 1, 2). The stress distribution were analyzed by software Abaqus. The change of stress were analyzed by paried t test.

RESULTSThe stress distribution patterns in TMJ with different depth of CS were similar. The Von Mises on the anterior surface of condyle and the Von Mises on the intermedial zone of the disc was higher. The S. Max. Principal of the condyle was mainly tensile stress. The S. Min. Principal of the condyle was mainly compressive stress. The S. Max. Principal of the disc was mainly tensile stress. The S.Min. Principal of the disc was mainly compressive stress.In model 0, the eviations of the Von Mises, the S.Max. Principal and the S.Min. Principal on the anterior surface of condyle were 0.1057 - 0.2298 MPa, -0.2243 - -0.3738 MPa and -0.3494 - -0.1165 MPa. The eviations of the Von Mises, the S.Max. Principal and the S. Min. Principal on the intermedial zone of the disc were 0.1099 - 0.6880 MPa, -0.3217 - 0 MPa and -1.2000 - -0.1000 MPa. The D-values of of Von Mises of condyle and disk between different models were extremely significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWith the same plane of occlusion, the stress distribution patterns of TMJ with different depth of CS is similar to that of normal occlusion. The final results also validate the anterior surface of condyle and intermediate zone of articular disc are the weight-bearing areas in TMJ. The changes of depth of CS change the value of the stress.

Cephalometry ; Dental Occlusion ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Mandibular Condyle ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical ; Temporomandibular Joint ; physiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc ; physiology

Chronic Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Suppositories

Embryonic callus of Kentucky bluegrass were used as material for genetic transformation with the DREB1A gene by particle bombardment. Parameters of biolistic bombardment were studied. The optimal methods showed as follows: plasmid DNA are coated by Ca(NO_3)_2 and PEG4000, 1?m golds are the vectors of plasmid DNA, 6 cm bombardment height distance, 1 time and without osmotic treatment are favorable to transgenic efficiency. The concentration hygromycin (Hy) , which is the selection mark for cultivar‘Baron’ is 100mg/L.

OBJECTIVETo study whether acupressure could relieve urinary retention after radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer patients.

METHODSA randomized controlled prospective double-blinded trial was carried out in 107 urinary retention patients undergoing grade III radical hysterectomy. They were assigned to Group A (positive acupoints, 40 cases), Group B (negative acupoints, 32 cases) , and Group C (with no acupoints, 35 cases). All patients received protective 115 000 potassium permanganate sitz bath, 15 - 20 min each time, 3 times per day. Patients in Group A received acupressure at positive points [liniao point and Qihai (RN6)] combined points by syndrome typing [Guanyuan (RN4) , Zhongji (RN3) , Shenshu (BL23) , Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Taixi (K13)]. Patients in Group B received negative acupressure at sham-acupoints (for adjusting gastrointestinal functions). Patients in Group C only received conventional sitz bath. All medication was performed 3 times per day, 7 days as one therapeutic course, 21 days in total. The residual urine volume was detected. The recovery time for bladder function was recorded. The average residual urine volume was also recorded at day 7, 14, and 21.

RESULTSCompared with Group B and C, the time for ureter retention was shortened for mild and severe CKD patients in Group A (P <0. 01). The residual urine volume was also lessened for mild and severe CKD patients in Group A at day 7, 14, and 21 (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONCervical cancer patients could relieve urinary retention by self-acupressure after radical hysterectomy.

Acupressure ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; therapy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise to treat mild to moderate rotator cuff injury (RCI).Methods:Forty patients with mild to moderate RCI were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 20 cases in each group.The treatment group was given sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise,and the control group was given the same manipulation as the treatment group.The therapeutic effect on the functional improvement was assessed after treatment according to pain threshold,shoulder range of motion (ROM) including flexion,abduction,internal rotation and external rotation,and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating score.Results:Compared with the same group before treatment,the pain threshold,shoulder flexion,abduction,internal and external rotations increased after the treatment in the two groups (all P＜0.05).The UCLA shoulder rating score increased (both P＜0.05).The improvement in the treatment group is significantly better than that in the control group with a statistical significance (P＜0.05).The total effective rate was 95.0％ in the treatment group,was higher than 65.0％ in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with functional exercise relieve the pain of patients with mild to moderate RCI,increase the motion of shoulder joints,and improve the quality of life of patients.The curative effect is better than the treatment of simple sinew-regulating and bone-setting manipulation.

Objective To examine the sensitivity of human glioblastoma multiforme cell line BT325 to 5 antineoplastic drugs, including cisplatin (DDP), teniposide (VM26), nimustine (ACNU), temozolomide (TMZ) and vincristine (VCR). Methods BT325 cells were incubated in DMEM with 10% or 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or without FBS respectively. The cell numbers were counted at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h,96 h, 120 h, and 144 h, then platting and growth curve were drafted. Cell counting kite-8 was used to detect the influence of 5 drugs with different concentrations on human glioma cell line BT325. Results DDP and VM26 significantly suppressed BT325 cells(>75%) viability in a dose-dependent manner, while VCR inhibited BT325 cells (50%) growth without dose-effect relationship. In contrast, ACNU and TMZwere not effective on the viability of BT325 cells. Conclusion BT325 cells were very sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs DDP amd VM26.