?Pathological myopia are often complicated by a series of pathological changes in fundus including foveoschisis, which can lead to visual dysfunction when processing with retinal detachment, macular hole, epiretinal membrane and vitreoretinal traction diseases. According to the current knowledge, the main mechanism of foveoschisisi might be attributed to the impaired macular structure and function caused by a variety of traction on the retinal and retina poor condition. Surgical treatments have been reported to be effective in treating foveoschisis, however, the indications and surgical procedures are still controversial. ln this article, we reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment strategies and prognosis of pathological myopia foveoschisis.

Humans ; Mining ; Noise, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Work Schedule Tolerance

The authors helpfully discuss the design idea,experimental module design,examination methods,and experiment textbook construction in experimental teaching of microbiology,and conduct further researches on the basic skill training,verifying experiment,integrative experiment,and investigative experiment in the course. This study aims to enhance effects of the experimental teaching,to cultivate high potential talents who can master essential knowledge and skills,and creatively carry out scientific research.

Objective To establish age related reference value for the new reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) parameter in healthy children aged one to thirteen years. Methods Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent was measured by Sysmex XE-2100 after completing daily internal quality control in 424 healthy children and the outlying observations was handled afterward, Age related reference value anddistribution of RET-He level were described as the 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, and the equation regardingage related reference value was established through curve fitting methods. Results After grouping accordingto sex, the medians of boys and girls in RET-He were 31.30 pg,31.80 pg. Non-parametric test showed therewas no differences between the boys and girls. When the data from two group was integrated together, thefitted equations of RET-He were: P2.5 =-0.008X3+0.125X2 - 0.178X+26.456; P97.5= 0.021X2-0.184X+34.670(X refers to age) ; R2 were 0.85 and 0.90,respectively(P <0.05). There was statisticallysignificance for the above equations. Conclusions The reference value of RET-He in healthy children isdifferent from those in adult. The equations can be used to produce age related reference value. It could beuseful for anemia diagnosis, differential diagnosis and hematopoiesis screening at early stage.

OBJECTIVE To observe prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induced high sensitivity of hypo?thalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats which were fed with a high-fat diet, and to explore the mechanism. METHODS Nicotine (2 mg·kg-1 per day) was injected subcutaneously to preg?nant Wistar rats from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD20,and then the young rats were naturally delivered. After weaning, half of the offspring was fed with a high-fat diet until postnatal weeks (PW) 20. The others were exposed to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) from PW17 to PW20. The pathological changes in the hippocampus were analyzed by HE staining. The blood concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) was detected by RIA kits and ELISA kits, respectively. Meanwhile, real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ACTH releasing hormone (CRH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). RESULTS In the normal control group,UCS treatment increased the level of serum ACTH and CORT 1.96 and 3.24 times in female rats,but 1.63 and 3.54 times in male rats. In the PNE group, UCS treatment increased the level of serum ACTH and CORT 3.96 and 5.98 times in female rats, but 3.04 and 5.22 times male rats. PNE increased the mRNA expression of AVP in the female and male rats 2.04 and 1.13 times in UCS treatment control group, and the mRNA expression of hypothalamus CRH and the ratio of VGLuT2/ GAD65 were increased 2.49 and 1.14 times in female rats, respectively. Furthermore, the nicotine group exhibited histological changes to different degrees in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus. In the female and male nicotine groups, the mRNA ratio of hippocampal MR/GR decreased by 88.0% and 86.0% in comparison with the normal control group without UCS, and the mRNA expression of GAD67 was enhanced 1.38 and 1.97 times in female and male rats without UCS. In the female UCS treatment nicotine groups, the mRNA expression of GAD67 was increased 2.17 times compared with the UCS treatment control group. CONCLUSION PNE can induce a high sensibility of HPA axis in offspring rats fed with a high-fat diet. The imbalance of hippo?campus MR/GR and the enhanced expression of GAD67 mRNA may be involved.

Objective To investigate the effect of laser artificial shrinkage(LAS)on pregnancy outcome in vitrification of human expanded blastocysts.Methods We selected 3859 frozen-thawed blastocyst-stage embryo transfers from January 2014 to December 2015.The transfers were divided into LAS group(n=3 176)and non-LAS group(n=683),which were then subdivided into ＜36 y subgroup and ≥36 y subgroup according to their age.Main outcomes measures were thawing rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate.Results Thawing rate, clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were 97.32%(5 453/5 603),66.81%(2 118/3 170),and 53.55%(2 912/5 438)in LAS group.In non-shrink group,they were 95.13%(1 173/1 233),62.70%(427/681),and 49.74%(582/1 170),which did not significantly differ from those in the former group(P＜0.05).Further analysis of the subgroups showed that thawing rate was significantly higher in LAS group than in non-shrink group of patients＜36 y(97.27% vs.95.33%;P＜0.05).Thawing rate and biochemical pregnancy rate were significantly higher in LAS group than in non-shrink group in patients ≥36 y(97.75% vs.93.66%;65.45% vs.50.65%,P＜0.05). Cancellation rate was not significantly different between the two groups(0.19% vs.0.29%, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion LAS technique can increase thawing rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate before cryopreservation of blastocysts.

OBJECTIVESuppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have been shown to play an important role in regulating cytokines, such as intracellular interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL), in the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. At present, the association between SOCS and asthma is still under study. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the intracellular IFN-'/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells and specific IgE (sIgE) level in children with asthma.

METHODSBMCs were collected from 44 children with allergic asthma (4-14 years) and 30 healthy children. The intracellular IFN-'/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Total RNAs were extracted from the PBMCs and SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 mRNA expression was measured by SYBR Green I quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy children, children with allergic asthma showed a lower level of intracellular IFN-' in peripheral blood [(15.7±2.0)% vs (19.1±2.7)%] and IFN-'/IL-4 ratio (3.4±1.5 vs 4.8±2.9) and higher SOCS-1 mRNA expression (-Ct, 11.1±1.9 vs 12.6±2.8). There was a negative relationship between SOCS-1 mRNA expression and the percentage of IFN-'-producing CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood in both asthmatic and healthy children (P<0.05). No correlation was found between SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 expression and sIgE level.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with allergic asthma have elevated levels of SOCS-1 mRNA in PBMCs, which is associated with Th2-skewed immune response.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of glutamine enriched enteral feeding on immunoregulation in burn patients.

METHODSTwenty burn patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition (EN) group and enteral immune nutrition (EIN) group, with 12 patients in each group. Patients in EN group received a standard enteral formula, while those in EIN group received an enteral formula enriched with glutamine after hospital admission. Nutritional support was continued for 10 days. Blood samples were obtained to determine plasma level of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and transferrin (TF) at 1, 4, 7, 10 post-burn days (PBD). At the same time the concentration of immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were determined, the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ subpopulations of T lymphocytes, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were determined by FCM.

RESULTS(1) There were no obvious difference of the plasma level of TP, ALB, TF, CD3+, IgM between the two groups at each time-point (P > 0.05). (2) The plasma PAB contents in EIN group were significant higher than that in EN group on 4 PBD [(90 +/- 14 vs 60 +/- 15) mg/L, P < 0.05], 7 PBD [(92 +/- 16 vs 64 +/- 13) mg/L, P < 0.05] and 10 PBD [(106 +/- 21 vs 72 +/-16) mg/L, P < 0.05]. (3) The percentage of CD4+ subpopulation and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in EIN group were obviously higher than those in EN group on 7 PBD [CD4+ (55 +/- 5 vs 45 +/- 5)%, CD4+/CD8+ (1.92 +/- 0.31 vs 1.53 +/- 0.27)%, P < 0.05] and 10 PBD [CD4+ (56 +/- 5 vs 49 +/- 5)%, CD4+/CD8+ (2.36 +/- 0.36 vs 1.72 +/- 0.42), P < 0.05]. (4) The concentration of IgA and IgG in EIN group were markedly higher than that in EN group on 7 PBD [IgA (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs 2.2 +/- 0.5) g/L, IgG (12.1 +/- 1.3 vs 9.8 +/- 1.2) g/L, P < 0.05] and 10 PBD [IgA (3.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.5 +/- 0.5) g/L, IgG (14.2 +/- 1.3 vs 10.4 +/- 1.3) g/L, P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that glutamine enriched enteral feeding can improve nutritional status by promoting the synthesis of IgA, IgG, and increasing the PAB concentration, and corrected immunologic dysfunction in burn patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Glutamine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prealbumin ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are members of nuclear receptors and related to several diseases such as cancer, inflammation and osteoporosis. ERs have two forms, ERα and ERβ, which have different functions and organism distributions. Compounds selectively targeting ERβ can regulate important physiological functions and avoid the side effects caused by targeting ERα. Therefore, selective ERβ ligands have received considerable research interest in recent years. In this article, different kinds of selective ERβ ligands were summarized and their structure-activity relationships were also analyzed.
Estrogen Receptor beta ; chemistry ; Humans ; Ligands ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo evaluate pathologically the effect of the single or combined application of UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine on the improvement of white matter injury in neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) under light and electron microscopy.

METHODSA five-day-old neonatal rat model for PVL was established by ligation of the lateral common carotid artery following 120-minute hypoxia. Rats were randomly divided into six groups (30 rats in each group): sham-operated, PVL, UDP-glucose (UDP-glucose 2000 mg/kg intraperitoneally after PVL), GDNF (GDNF 100 μg/kg intracerebrally after PVL), tmemantine (memantine 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally after PVL), and a combination administration of three drugs (UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine). The rats were sacrificed 7 or 21 days after PVL for assessment of pathological changes in the white matter under both light and electron microscopy. The number and thickness of the myelin sheath in the white matter were measured under electron microscopy, and both of pathological grading and scoring were undertaken under light microscopy.

RESULTSThere was rare and sparse myelinogenesis with a loose arrangement of nerve fibers in the white matter under electron microscopy in the PVL group at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The number and thickness of the myelin sheath in the PVL group were significantly less than in the sham-operated, UDP-glucose, GDNF, memantine and combination administration groups (P<0.01). The results of pathological grading of white matter under light microscopy showed that all rats in the PVL group manifested either mild injury (38%-50%) or severe injury (50%-62%) at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The majority of rats (50%-88%) in the four drug administration groups had normal white matter at 7 and 21 days after PVL. The pathological scores at 7 and 21 days after PVL in the PVL group were the highest, and they were significantly higher than in the other five groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe single or combined application of UDP-glucose, GDNF and memantine may significantly improve pathological changes in the white matter of rats with PVL. The favorable effect is inferred to be closely correlated with the improvement of brain microenvironment and the enhancement of nerve regeneration promoted by the three drugs.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cerebral Ventricles ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; drug therapy ; Male ; Memantine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use