Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

[Objective] To explore the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]Research subjects were divided into study group(the multiple teaching group) and control group(the systematic instruction group),comprehensively evaluate the effect of the multiple teaching methods on the teaching of the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,through the evaluation of teaching quality,students' questionnaire and the test of learning achievement.[Results] The multiple teaching method can improve students' interest in learning,activate the atmosphere of classroom,enhance communication between teachers and students,students generally think the multiple teaching method is helpful to correctly understanding and grasping the knowledge of the doctrine of viscera state,and is reflected in the homeworks and the test of learning achievement,the homeworks and the test of learning achievement of the multiple teaching method group were better than that of the systematic instruction group,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The multiple teaching method is helpful to improve the teaching mode on the doctrine of viscera state in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,to enhance the students' learning motivation and ability of cognition,so that students can fully and deeply understand and grasp the doctrine of viscera state.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ?-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule1(ICAM-1) induced by high glucose(HG) in rat mesangial cells(MCs).Methods: Rat mesangial cells were co-cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L,NG group),high glucose(25 mmol/L,HG group),and HG+?-lipoic acid(50,100,200,300 ?mol/L)for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively.Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT;the levels of ICAM-1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);and ICAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results: ?-lipoic acid at 50-300 ?mol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCs.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that ?-lipoic acid(100 and 200 ?mol/L)significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced increase of ICAM-1 mRNA((P

Objective To investigate the application value of the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) ,folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (VB12 ) levels in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD complicating impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) .Methods 80 triers screened by the inclusion criteria were divided into the simple CHD group (36 cases) and the CHD complicating IGT group(44 cases);70 healthy cases were taken as the controls .Hcy ,FA and VB12 levels were measured and the detection results were performed the statistical analysis .Results The Hcy level in both experimental groups were higher than that in the control group , the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,the positive rates were 94 .4% in the simple CHD group and 88 .6% in the CHD complicating IGT group respectively ;The plasma FA level in both experimental groups were lower than that in the control group ,meanwhile ,plasma Hcy level and FA level showed a negative correlation (P<0 .05);The VB12 level had no statistical differ-ence among 3 groups (P>0 .05) ,and the correlation analysis between the Hcy level in the two experimental groups with VB 12 had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Plasma Hcy level in CHD and CHD complicating IGT is very high and negatively correlated with the FA level ,dynamically detecting the Hcy level has an important significance for early warning and treatment of CHD and CHD complicating IGT .

Objective To study the stability of ligustilide and the inclusion process in ?-cyclodextrin to avoid its isomerization.Methods The content of ligustilide dropped severely even if it was kept away from layer and air under room temperature.The inclusion process with ?-cyclodextrin was carried out on orthogonal design.The optimum conditions were determined and inclusion complex was made sure by many ways.Results The validated trials by DCS,IR,and GC could exhibit the obvious difference between mixture and inclusion complex which showed the form of a new phase,because of ?-cyclodextrin and drugs in the molecular capsules.Conclusion Inclusion process with ?-cyclodextrin can improve stability of ligustilide that is unstable in normal situation.

Objective:To discuss the influence of organic selenium on the immune effect of Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG). Methods:C57BL6/J mice were randomized into 4 groups:"BCG+Se"mice group were intracutaneously inoculated with BCG and orally fed with yeast-based selenium(Se);BCG mice group were immunized with BCG intracutaneously;Se mice group were im- munized with normal sodium and fed orally with Se;control mice group were immunized with normal sodium and fed orally water without Se.The mice were sacrificed after 4weeks or 8weeks to isolate the spleen mononuclear cells.T lympholeukocyte proliferation testing(stimulation index,SI),cytotoxic T lympholeukocyte(CTL)function testing as well as levels of IL-2 and IFN-?and mRNA levels of granzyme B and perforin were employed to assess the effect of vaccine for Mycobacterium tuber- culosis.They were determined by MTT assay,ELISA assay and RT-PCR,respectively.Results:The levels of 6 detected items in"BCG+Se"group and BCG group were significantly different from those in the control group(P

Objective:To construct and identify the chimeric mtb8.4/hIL12 eukaryotic expression plasmid.Methods:Firstly mtb8.4-linker was amplified by PCR and cloned into the single Nhe Ⅰ and Mlu Ⅰ cloning sites of pCI-neo, so pCI-neo-mtb8.4-linker(pML) plasmid was constructed.Secondly hIL-12 was amplified by PCR and cloned into the single Mlu Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ cloning sites of pML.Finally correct pCI-neo-mtb8.4/hIL12 (pMI) plasmid was identified by PCR,RE digestion and DNA seguencing.Results:The accuracy of pMI plasmid construction was confirmed by a number of molecular biological techniques.Conclusion:The construction of mtb8.4/hIL12 chimera by linkage of M.tuberculosis mtb8.4 gene to human IL12 gene provides the possibility for investigating a new tuberculosis vaccine.

Objecticve To study the immunogenicity and protective effecacy of MTB8.4 with signal peptide gene vaccine against TB in mice.Methods C57BL/6N!mice were vaccinated with MTB8.4 with signal peptide(MS) gene vaccine three times at 3 weeks intervals.Four weeks after the final vaccination,three mice were sacrificed to assess cytokine response and CTL induction and the other five mice were challenged intravenously in a lateral tail vein with(1?10~(6)) CFU of virulent M.tuberculosis H37Rv.Spleen and the left lung were harvested from each mouse 4 weeks after(infection) and homogenized in sterile saline.Serial dilutions of organ homogenates were plated on (L-J agar) and incubated(37 ℃) until colonies were visible 4 weeks later. Protective efficacy in each experiment was expressed as(reduced) CFU and was compared with the negative control group.The right lung was obtained from each mouse and(inflated) with and stored in 10% formalin saline immediately.Tissues were embedded in paraffin,sec-tioned(and stained) with hematoxylin and eosin.Results MS gene vaccine induced the secretion of more of Th1 cytokines(IFN-?and IL-2),but not IL-4 and enhanced CTL activity while BCG induced the secretion of both types of cytokines(IFN-?,IL-2 and IL-4).Mice immunized with MS gene vaccine had fewer and smaller tubercles than those immunized with PBS or control plasmid DNA,but had more tubercles than the mice inoculated with BCG.Virable bacterial counts in the lungs and spleens of mice receiving DNA encoding MS were reduced as compared with mice injected with PBS or control plasmid DNA,while increased as compared with mice immunized with BCG.Conclusion MS gene vaccine can induce secretion of Th1 cytokines and the higher protective efficacy against TB in mice.

This paper analyses the existing problems in the clinical study of esophageal cancer at present.The author suggests that more attention should be paid to the clinical research for esophageal cancer and puts forward the feasible countermeasure and advices.

Now, parts of the medical personnel have some problems such as low professional moral accomplish-ment, lack of sense of responsibility, professional skills and post does not match, faith is not strong, and so on. The external environment and internal weakening sense for cultivation are the main reasons.Therefore, optimizing the external environment, improving the education system, strengthening medical personnel’ s values, could pro-mote the formation of medical staff’ s professional personality, and eventually led to a powerful implement of social-ist core values in medical practice.