Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

Discussion on the construction of medical dispute prevention and control mechanism from the per -spective of crisis management and the ethical thinking are conducive to the effective prevention , control and solution of medical disputes .This can promote the healthy development of the doctor -patient relationship and has the im-portant value of ethics .At present , should strengthen the crisis management from the aspect of ethics to control medical disputes in the following aspects: establishing the medical dispute crisis -prevention mechanism by strengthening the training of medical staff′s medical ethics and medical skill;establishing the medical dispute crisis-resolution mechanism under the principle of respect for life and the patient first;establishing the medical dispute crisis assessment and post -processing mechanism around the idea of love , gratitude , and excellence development .

Chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious respiratory disease commonly seen in children.Varicela－zoster often results from the activation of latent virus in chickenpox called varicella－zoster virus（VZV）or called human herpesvirus type 3. Primary infection of VZV may induce typical disease of various severity and most healthy children infected with VZV have mild symptoms and good prognosis.But VZV infection，if occurs in special population such as persons of immune inhibition treatment will induce serious consequence or even death and it is as same serious as in adults.A detailed illustration of molecular biology，epidemiology，laboratory diagnosis，treatment and preventive strategy of the VZV were given.

Objective To investigate the expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 and their relationship with the clinicopathologic characters in basal cell carcinoma(BCC). To explore their expression between with the types of BCC of skin, especially in morpheaform BCC group. Methods Immunohistochemical SP technique was used to examine the expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 in 50 cases of BCC and 30 cases of normal tissues of skin.The expression level was analyzed combined with clinicopathological features of age, sex and types of tumor.Results Skp2 positive products located in cytoplasm or nucleus. P27kip1 positive products located in nucleus.The high expression of Skp2 and the low expression of P27kip1 were observed in BCC, there was statistical significance between the tumor group and the control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ) . The expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 were correlated with clinical types of BCC ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while which were not correlated with age and sex ( P ＞0.05 ). In BCC tissue, Skp2 expression was negatively correlated with P27kip1 ( - 0.624; P ＜ 0.05), there was no correlated with each other in morpheaform BCC group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 in BCC are significant differences to normal skin tissues, and they are correlated with each other.They may play an important role in carcinogenesis and the development of BCC, and also make targets to treat it. Compared to nodular and superficial BCC group, the expression of Skp2 are higher in morpheaform BCC group, and the expression of P27kip1 is lower. They may play an important role in the types of the BCC and useful factors to predict the types of the tumor, also determine surgical margin for BCC cases.

Objective To compare the consumption of the drugs for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients with different blood groups. Methods One hundred female ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 30-50 yr, body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 , scheduled for elective total hysterectomy or myomectomy, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the blood group: group A ( n= 25), group B ( n = 30), group AB ( n = 11 ) and group O ( n = 34). Patients received iv injection of flurbiprofen 30 min before the end of surgery and sufentanil at the end of surgery. PCIA with sufentanil 1.2 μg/ml ( bolus dose 2.0 ml, background infusion 0.5 ml/h, lockout interval 5 min) was performed when the VAS score ≤4. The loading dose and consumption on 1 st and 2nd day after operation for sufentanil were recorded. The adverse reactions were observed.Results The loading dose and consumption on 1st day after operation for sufentanil were the highest in group A and B, the second in group AB, and the lowest in group O among the 4 groups. Conclusion The consumption of the drugs for PCIA is different in patients with different blood groups.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of bFGF auxiliary fractional Er :YAG laser in the treatment of facial a-trophic acne scar .Methods After fractional Er :YAG laser treatment ,64 cases of facial atrophic acne scar patients were randomly divided into two groups ,the observation group was applied facial ice collagen dressing and sprayed fibroblast growth factor ,the con-trol group was only applied facial ice collagen dressing .Treatment in two groups last for 10 consecutive days .Postoperative to ob-serve the wound healing time ,adverse reactions ,using B .Dreno′s ECCA grading scale to identify and quantify facial atrophic scars before and after treatment and statistics the satisfactory rate of patients .Results The wounds of two groups were conventional healing ,in the observation group the average healing time was 7 .2 days ,and that of control group was 10 .4 days ,there was signifi-cant difference (P<0 .05) .For all patients at the end of treatment and followed-up 3 months later ,scar were all improved ,with an efficiency of 100% .Conclusion Fractional Er :YAG laser combined with bFGF is a safe and effective treatment method for treat-ment of facial atrophic acne scars .

A part of pathogenetic factors of hypertensionin twenty--seven patients with hypertensive NIDDM (group 1) were observed. The control groupsincluded non-hypertensive NIDDM (group 2, n=46 ), primary hypertension (group 3, n= 15) andhealthy persons (group 4, n= 15). The oral glu-cose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin releasing test(IRT ), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an-giotensin I (ATI), aldosterone (ALD), wholeblood volume and urine protein were measured.The results showed that the plasma insulin andsodium levels and the whole blood volume weresignificantly higher in group 1 than those in con-trol group 2, the ANP level was rather lower than that in control group 4. Although the results werecorresponded with the theory that the circulatinghyperinsulinemia may lead to sodium retention andinhibited an adequate ANP stimulation by sodiumchallenge which turn to hypertension, nonhyper-tensive NIDDM patients (group 2) also have thesame findinge. So the retention of sodium and wa-ter can't be used to explain the mechanism of hy-pertension in NIDDM patients, the other patho-genetic factors especialy the factors related to thehyperinsulinemia such as PGE and PGI need to beinvestigated futher.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the significance of diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the histological pattern of distriution of HPV in condylomata acuminata(CA) by direct in situ PCR (ISPCR) technique. of the 25 patients with BA, all 10 cases with typical histopathological features of CA gave a positive reaction in tile upper layers of the epithelium. HPV was also detected in the granular ladyer and whole prickle cell layer of 11 cases of CA with no typical koilocytes. In the direct ISPCR oligonucleotides labelled with bio tin were incorporated in situ during amplification, then immunohistochemical method was used for detection. In this technique the viral existence in paraffin sections can be directly compared with the histologic changes, and can help pathologist to analyze the possibility that HPV is present in the suspected lesions.

Objective To explore the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the selection of time and pattern for termination.Methods A prospective study on 40 cases of patients with GDM was carried out.The patients' clinical data were analyzed by statistical method.Results There was a significant difference in the neonatal suffocation between insulin treatment combined with diet limitation and diet limitation alone(P0 05). Compared with 37 to 40 gestational weeks, neonatal morbidity obviously increased in 40 gestational weeks (P

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