Objective To evaluate the significance and expression of the GDNF/GFRα1/RET genes in distal rectum with Congenital Anorectal Malformations(ARMs) Methods Specimens were collected from resected colon which is 3 cm away to the anus and the distal of rectum in 12 ARMs patients. Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to test RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression in the differ-ent site of samples with ARMs. Results Expression of ganglia and RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were all negative in distal rec-tum in 12 ARMs patients. Ganglionic cells were found in tissues 3 cm away from the anus where RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression were also positive in those ARMs patients. Expression of RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were strong positive in middle and low imperforate anus indicated by brown color and week positive in high imperforate anus indicated by yellow color. One case of faeces contamination and one case of loose motion without anal incontinence were found in post-op follow up of high ARMs patients. By contrast, one case of rectal mucosa prolapse and one case of occasional faeces contamination which recov-ered with hip bath were found in post op follow up in middle or low ARMs. Conclusion The unsatisfactory anorectal func-tion is possibly related to the decrease or lost of neurotrophic factors (GDNF/GFRα1/RET) and ganglia in the myenteric plex-uses post plastic surgery in ARMs patients.

Objective To explore the role of trypsinogen activation peptide( TAP)in the early di-agnosis of severe acute pancreatitis( AP)and the prediction of outcome. Methods Eighty-nine cases with pancreatitis were collected containing 45 cases of severe AP and 44 of mild AP. 32 cases of non-AP acute abdominal disease were chosen as control group. Blood of all patients was collected within 6h to measure TAP. ROC curve was used to analyze the results. Results The TAP was different among the three groups (p<0. 01);the TAP of patients with severe AP was the highest. ROC curve indicated that 2. 78 nmol/L was the best cutoff to define AP and non-AP;the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy was 88. 8%,100%and 91. 5%,respectively. 8. 55 nmol/L was used to define severe AP and mild AP;the sensitivity,speci-ficity and accuracy was 92. 9%,95. 2% and 88. 7%,respectively. 11. 20 nmol/L was used to predict the occurrence of complications;the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy was 75. 0%,90. 4% and 82. 2%,re-spectively. Conclusion The TAP can be used to diagnose AP,especially to identify severe AP. The TAP is also beneficial for predicting the outcome of patients with severe AP.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the methylation of RET (proto-oncogene, RET) and Hirschsprung disease (HD), and understand its significance in the development of intestinal wall ganglion cells. Methods Twenty-one surgical removal specimens, which were all dilation segment of HD in Tianjin Children’s Hospital, were used as experimental group, and 5 samples of non-HD normal colon tissues were used as control group. The bisulfite sequencing (BSP)-direct detecting method was used to detect RET CpG island methylation status. The expression of RET protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in experimental group and control group. Results In the experimental group 12 cases (57.14%) were found methylation, but no methylation was found in control group. The average optical density of methylated RET protein was 0.201±0.015 in 12 cases. The average optical density of un-methylated RET protein was 0.364±0.023 in 9 cases (P<0.05). Conclusion RET CpG island methylation reduced protein expression levels of RET. The corollary RET gene methylation may influence the expression levels of RET protein, thereby affecting the ganglion cell development, and thus participating in the occurrence of HD.

The early screening and early diagnosis of biliary atresia is the key to improve the 5-year native liver survival rate,jaundice-free-native-liver survival rate and overall survival rate.So far,the neonatal jaundice,especially that caused by surgical cholestasis exists the lack of awareness.Because of this reason,the delay depletion jaundice patients did not receive early diagnosis and treatment until the severe complications happened.So,it has often missed the best period of operation for the biliary atresia.Called for local medical health governments to formulate the effective early screening methods of biliary atresia and the reasonable schedule of postnatal follow-up,and improving the ability of basic unit medical staff in well understanding cholestasis disease in order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.Consequently,it will improve the situation of diagnosis and treatment of biliary atresia in our country.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important inhibitory immune cells.Research finds that MDSCs and Tregs increase in a large number under the conditions of inflammation,infection and tumor and they are able to suppress the immunity system and promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through multiple mechanisms.Finding the causes resulting in the increase of MDSCs and Tregs in tumor microenvironment and the eliminating methods have become new focuses in the field of antitumor immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of galantamine on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the possible mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 225-275 g were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (group SH); I/R group; galantamine + I/R group (group GAL); M receptor antagonist atropine + galantamine + I/R group (group AT); vagus nerve cut-off + galantamine + I/R group (group VGT).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.Normal saline 2 ml/kg was slowly injected via the femoral vein at 30 min before ischemia in groups SH and I/R.Galantamine 4 mg/kg was slowly injected via the femoral vein at 30 min before ischemia in group GAL.Atropine 4 mg/kg was slowly injected via the femoral vein at 45 min before ischemia in group AT and the other procedures were the same as those in group GAL.Bilateral cervical vagus nerves were cut off at 45 min before ischemia in group VGT and the other procedures were the same as those in group GAL.At the end of reperfusion,the hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size,MPO and SOD activities,and MDA contents.Results The myocardial infarct size was significantly larger,the MPO activity and MDA content were significantly higher,and the SOD activity was significantly lower in group I/R than in group SH,and in groups AT and VGT than in group GAL (P ＜ 0.05).The myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller,the MDA content and MPO activity were significantly lower,and the SOD activity was significantly higher in group GAL than in group I/R P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Galantamine has protective effect on myocardium against I/R injury and regulation of peripheral vagus nerve tension may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To analyze the etiology in pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC). Methods Medical records were reviewed and analyzed for 366 PPC patients who were admitted in Changhai hospitals from April 2000 to December 2009 in terms. Demographic data, etiology and primary disorders of PPC patients were recorded. Results The causes of 366 patients varied as follow: gallstones in 158 patients (43.2%);idiopathic in 79 (21.6%); alcohol in 50 (13.7%); trauma in 17 (4.6%); pancreatic tumor in 9 (2.5%);hyperlipidemia in 8 (2.2%); post-operative in 7 (1.9%), other in 38 (10.3%). Depending on Atlantes classification systerm the PPCs were classified into acute PPC in 204 patients (64.2%), chronic PPC in 98 patients (30.8%) and abscess in 16 patients (5.0%). The 4 most common causes of acute PPC were gallstones, idiopathic, alcohol and trauma; the 3 most common causes of chronic PPC were gallstones,idiopathic, alcohol. Conclusions Gallstones is the main etiologic cause of the PPCs in China, followed by idiopathic and alcohol, which is significantly different with that in Western countries.

Objective To investigate the effects of apoptosis and related gene p21WAF1 and Bcl-2 in the tumorigenesis of primary gallbladder neoplasms. Methods p21WAF1 and Bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and apoptotic cells were stained in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNAL) in 46 cases of primary gallbladder neoplasms with different histological grades. Results Apoptotic index and p21WAF1 were decreased,but the expression of Bcl-2 was increased with the increasing of the histological grades in primary gallbladder neoplasms (P

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning

This study was aimed to screen candidate genes involved in the triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway of the Ilex asprella root. The Illumina platform was applied to perform transcriptomic sequencing of I. asprella root, followed by a series of bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that a total of 272 candidate unigenes were anno-tated to be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid in the transcriptome of I. asprella root, including 72 u-nigenes for the upstream pathway and 26 unigenes for cyclization, oxidation and glycosylation in the downstream pathway. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to further analyze the evolution relationship of some candidate uni-genes and their homologous genes. Two genes IaA S1 and IaA S2 were proved to be mixed amyrin synthases in yeast expression system. Moreover, IaA S1 was identified to one of the rare ASs with α-amyrin as the major product. It was concluded that a series of candidate genes, which might be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins, were screened out from the transcriptome of I. asprella root. Further investigation of these candidate genes will provide insight into their actual functions in the triterpenoid saponins biosynthetic pathway in I. asprella.