Objective To study the correlation between the serum high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)and the acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning(AOPP). Methods The serum HMGB1 levels of the 116 patients with AOPP(AOPP group)and 40 healthy adults(control group)were detected by immunoblotting method. According to illness severity, AOPP group was divided into mild group(40 cases),moderate group(39 cases)and severe group(37 cases), and severe group was divided into multiorgan dysfunction syndrome(MODS)group(20 cases)and no MODS group(17 cases). The serum levels of CHE,HMGB1 were compared. Results The absorbance of HMGB1 in severe group(2.91±0.12)was significantly higher than that in moderate group(2.15±0.17), mild group(1.16 ± 0.29)and control group (0.84±0.30)(P＜0.01).The absorbance of HMGB1 in moderate group was significantly higher than that in mild group and control group(P＜0.01). The absorbance of HMGB1 in mild group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05). The absorbance of HMGB1 in MODS group was significantly higher than that in no MODS group(P＜0.01),but the absorbance of CHE had no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusions The degree of AOPP has notable correlation with the level of serum HMGB1. The level of serum HMGB1 is an useful index for evaluating the degree of AOPP.

Objective To investigate the intracellular mechanisms by which 3,6-dihydroxyflavone inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells.Methods After the HL-60 cells were treated with 3,6-dihydroxyflavone at the concentration of 5.10,20 or 40 mol/L,the cells then were inoculated under the selected optimal concentration.The survival rate of HL-60 cells was analyzed using a haemocytometer with standard trypan blue dye exclusion and a CASY cell counter and analyzer.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the cells were measured by chemochromatometry.The expression of phosphorylation of ERK,JNK and p38MAPK were examined by Western blotting.Results The survival rate of HL-60 cells was significantly reduced in a dose-and time-dependent manner after 3,6-dihydroxyflavone treatment.When the dose was over 10 mol/L or the time was longer than 12 h under the concentration of 20 mol/L,significantly decreased survival rate was observed(P

Objective To investigate the distribution of acquired resistance-related genes and markers of mobile genetic elements, and their relationships in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Methods From October 2008 to March 2009, 28 strains of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine were collected from the Ningbo First Hospital. Then, 47 kinds of acquired resistance genes to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, 2 kinds of acquired drug efflux gene and 13 kinds of genetic markers of mobile genetic elements: conjugal plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences, and integrons were analyzed by PCR. The index cluster analysis was used to investigate their relationships. Results In 28 strains of Escherichia coli, 7 kinds of acquired beta-lactam-resistance genes, 8 kinds of acquired aminoglycosideresistance genes, 1 kind of acquired drug efflux gene, 2 kinds of genetic markers of conjugal plasmids, 3 kinds of genetic markers of transposon and insertion sequences, 1 kind of genetic marker of integron were detected; but other 46 kinds of genes were not detected. Two clusters, A and B, were divided by index cluster analysis depending on positive genes. Conclusions In this group of Escherichia coli, acquired resistance related genes may be associated with resistant phenotypes of antimicrobial agents. Horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements may bring rapid spread of resistance of bacterial pathogens, not only among the same kind of pathogens, but also among the different kinds. In addition, index cluster analysis suggests that correlation might exist between acquired resistance-related genes and mobile genetic elements.

OBJECTIVE To investigate Staphylococcus aureus(SAU)and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS)with continuously isolated virulence gene and drug-resistant genes status.METHODS We collected 100 SAU strains and 27 CNS strains,virulence gene(pvl)and drug-resistant genes(mecA,aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4″),ermA/B/C,msrA,tetM and qacA/B)were detected by PCR.RESULTS The positive rates of pvl,mecA,aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4″),ermA/B/C,msrA,tetM and qacA/B in MRSA were 11.6%,100.0%,94.2%,69.2%,2.9%,85.5%,85.5% and 46.4%.The positive rates of pvl,mecA,aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4″),ermA/B/C,msrA,tetM and qacA/B in MSSA were 74.2%,0%,9.7%,3.2%,0%,51.6%,9.7% and 0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS There are very high positive percentages of mecA,aac(6')/aph(2″),aph(3')-Ⅲ,ermA/B/C,msrA,tetM and qacA/B genes in MRSA,and very high positive percentages of pvl and ermA/B/C genes in MSSA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence of ?-lactamase genes in pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDRPA),and the redateness in PDRPA. METHODS The genes of 21 kinds of resistance were detected by polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS In 33 strains of PDRPA,the positive rates of blaTEM,blaOXA-10cluster,blaPER,blaGES,blaCARB,intⅠ1 and merA were 48.5%,45.5%,33.3%,21.2%,15.2%,78.8% and 69.7%,respectively. There were clone transmitted phenomena. CONCLUSIONS There are very high positive percentages of blaTEM,blaOXA-10cluster,blaPER,blaGES,blaCARB,intⅠ1 and merA genes in PDRPA. The PDRPA can induce clone transmitted hospital infection.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, to determine factors influencing their burnout, and to provide basic data for development of intervention programs to prevent the burnout. METHODS: Subjects of this study were all 119 rescuers working at fire stations located in Busan and Gyeongnam. The data were collected from May 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: When the difference in the degree of burnout by general characteristics was investigated, the means of burnout were significantly different depending on age, period of service, position, license, annual salary, desire to work continuously and types of working hours. Job stress, job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem showed a statistically significant correlation with burnout. The degree of burnout became higher with more job stress and lower job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem. As a significant factor affecting the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers, job stress showed 47.3% of explanatory power. The explanatory power of all of job stress, job satisfaction, self efficacy, types of working hours, annual salary and license was 62% and the power of job stress was the highest. CONCLUSION: From these results, job stress, job satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to be factors affecting the burnout of 119 rescuers. Therefore, intervention programs to reduce job stress and to improve job satisfaction, social support, self efficacy and self esteem should be developed to lower the degree of burnout of 119 rescuers. In addition, further researches to analyze works of 119 rescuers and legal and institutional strategies to improve their treatment are necessary and supplementary training in various practices by different circumstances based on standardized protocols should be conducted.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Fires ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Licensure ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Self Concept ; Self Efficacy

Background Traction of epiretinal membrane results in macular morphologic change and visual functional impairment in eye with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IERM),therefore figuring out their relationship is helpful for evaluation of disease prognosis.Objective This study was to observe the morphological change of macula and microstructure,and analyze the relationship between retina thickness,integrity of cone outer segment tips (COST) line in fovea and visual acuity.Methods This was a retrospective case-observational study.Fifty-six consecutive cases diagnosed as IERM in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from March 2011 to December 2011 were enrolled in this study,and all the patients showed unilateral IERM with the normal fellow eyes.Sixteen patients were males and 40 were females,with a mean age of (61.05 ± 6.58) years old.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examination was performed on the eyes,and Macular Cube (512×128) and HD 5 Line program were selected.Mean retinal thickness of central area (＜1 mm diameter),inner ring area (1-3 mm diameter) and outer ring area (＞3-6 mm diameter) of macula and the status of COST line (intact or fractured) was recorded.Mean thickness of whole macular areas and the difference of foveal microstructure were compared,and the correlation between retinal thickness and visual acuity was analyzed using Pearson linear correlation analysis.Related parameters including age,visual acuity,retinal thickness were also compared between the continuous COST lines group and the fractured COST lines group by independent sample t test.Results The flatted or disappeared fovea was seen in IERM eyes on the SD-OCT image.Retinal thicknesses were (446±89)μm,(418±64)μm and (328±34)ttm in the central area,inner ring area and outer ring area of macula in the IERM eyes,exhibiting significant increasing in comparison with (250±22) μm,(319±17) μm and (279±17) μm in the normal fellow eyes (t=13.370,9.523,7.769,all P =0.000).Significantly negative correlations were found between the visual acuity and the central macular thickness,inner ring thickness or outer ring thickness (r=-0.686,-0.653,-0.417,P＜0.05).In the IERM eyes,COST band was intact in 20 eyes and lack in 36 eyes.Compared with COST band intact group,aging,worse vision and increased retinal thickness were seen in the COST band absent group (t =2.109,P =0.039 ; t =-4.093,P =0.000 ; t =6.669,P=0.000;t=5.376,P=0.000;t=4.247,P=0.000).COST band was clear in all the normal fellow eyes on the SD-OCT image.Conclusions Increase of macular thickness and disruption of COST band reflect the visual function damage in IERM eye.Deficiency of COST band on OCT image seems to be an early indication of photoreceptor damage.Incomplete fovea COST band is often seen in older patients.

Objective:To analyze the status of prevention and control of COVID-19 in primary care institutions at the early stage of the epidemic.Methods:Thirty healthcare professionals from various places of China were recruited in the study from 6 thto 16 th February 2020 through WeChat platform advertising and by purposive sampling method. They were general practitioners (GPs), administrators, and other specialists, all of whom were involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Personal interview and focus group discussion were conducted online. The topic guide was as follows: (1) Introduction of the work that primary healthcare professionals carried out during the outbreak of COVID-19. (2) Difficulties and challenges that healthcare professionals encountered. (3) Opinions on the prevention and control of COVID-19. (4) Advices on future outbreak of similar epidemics or disease. NVivo 12 software system was used to code and classify the interview content, and thematic framework analysis was used to sort out and analyze the data and extract the interview themes. Results:Six themes were extracted: (1) The community hospital leaders led the work in time but job distribution and prevention procedures were insufficient; and the workload of GPs was heavy. (2) Primary care settings had carried out pre-screening and triage; while outpatient clinic continued to provide health care service for local residents, especially stressing online service and consultation to reduce the population mobility. (3) GPs should make full use of technical advantages and participate in joint prevention and control. (4) GPs offered various health education to residents to improve their awareness of self-protection. (5) GPs lacked professional skills and needed more related training, while the current training were still insufficient. (6) There were not enough supplies and GPs had increasing worries about the infection risks.Conclusions:GPs play an important role in effectively curbing the spread of the epidemic. It is suggested that the setting of triage and fever clinic in primary care institutions need to be readjusted; and the training of prevention and control knowledge and skill for GPs need to be strengthened in the future.

Objective To observe the effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa on the thickness of dermis,synthesis of collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in mouse models of scleroderma.Methods Mouse models of scleroderma were established through local injection of bleomycin on the back once a day for 4 weeks.After confirmation of model establishment,72 mouse models were equally and randomly divided into three groups.Two groups received topical treatment with ethanol extract of Capparis Spinosa and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa,respectively,no treatment was given to the rest of the control group.After 2-,4-,6-week treatment,8 mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were obtained from the back,and subiected to the measurement of dermal thickness by HE staining,as well as to the analysis of expression of collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ and transforming growth factor-β1 by immunohistochemical staining.Results On week 2,4,6,the thickness of dermis was 23.22,24.94,19.97 μm respectively in mice treated with ethanol extract of Capparis Spinosa,27.66.26.15,22.13 μm respectively in those treated with ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa.Compared with the mouse models without treatment,the thickness of dermis significantly decreased(F=12.99,P＜0.01),the expression of collagen type Ⅰ(F=7.47,P＜0.01)and transforming growth factor-β1(F=11.76,P＜0.01)were also inhibited in those receiving treatment.However,the expression of collagen type Ⅲ was not affected obviously by the treatment.Conclusion The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa have the effect against skin fibrosis.

SWNTs are a mixture of 1/3 metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs). It is desirable to separate the metallic SWNTs from the semi-conducting ones. In this study m-SWNTs was separated by using a poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(p-phenylenevinylene)] (PmPV) derivative and used as photo-thermal media instead of SWNTs. The separation effects of m-SWNTs were evaluated by Raman spectra, molecular modeling and TEM images. The effects of m-SWNTs on MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. m-SWNTs were separated with high purity. A strong inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth was observed with the m-SWNTs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Our results will be helpful for the potential applications of m-SWNTs in clinical photothermal cancer therapy.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Light ; MCF-7 Cells ; drug effects ; Models, Molecular ; Nanotubes, Carbon