Objective:To investigate the clinical features of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Chongqing.Methods:A retrospective study was designed to analyze 78 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever from 1999 to 2003.Results:The proportion of typhoid fever was decreased,but the proportion of paratyphoid fever rose from 20% in 1999 to 55.6% in 2003.The clinical manifestations included fever,relative bradycardia,hepatosplenomegaly,leukopenia and diarrhea,infrequently as roseola and indifferent expressions.The complications mostly manifested as toxic hepatitis and bronchopneumonia.Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were sensitive to fluoro -quinolones and the third generation cephalothins.Conclusion:In recent years proportion of paratyphoid fever tend to rise.Fluoro-quinolones still remain the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

Objective To investigate the expression of visfatin in the livers of rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to expect the development of new diagnosis and treatment for NAFLD.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and NAFLD model groups.For control group,the rats were given basic diet and subcutaneous injection of saline(0.2 ml/100 g weight)twice a week.However,rats in the model group were given high fat diet and were given subcutaneous injection of 40 ％ carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) salad oil (0.2 ml/100 g) twice a week.The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),triglyeride (TG),total-cholesterol (TC) in serum together with the visfatin expression in hepatic tissue were analyzed at the 2nd,4th,6th,and 8th weeks after operation,respectively.Results The levels of ALT,AST,TG,and TC in model group were increased gradually as time going(P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) experiments showed the level of visfatin in model group was significantly higher than control group in each period,with a increasing trends with the modeling time (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions (1)After high-fat feeding and intraperitoneal injection of CCL4,a model of adult SD rats suffering from NAFLD was constructed.(2)In livers of rats suffering from NAFLD,the expression of visfatin was increased while the level of liver steatosis was enhanced.Visfatin would be a new target to observe the severity of NAFLD.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic features of fetal gastrointestinal tract dilatation and associated abnormalities. Methods From July 2009 to June 2013, 118 cases of fetal bowel dilatation of detected by prenatal ultrasound in our hospital were followed up for their ultrasonographic changes and pregnancy outcomes. The features of fetal bowel dilatation with associated abnormalities and their impact on pregnancy outcomes were summarized. Results Among the 118 cases of fetuses, 101 cases had small bowel dilatation, including 4 cases with adverse pregnancy outcomes. One case had cleft lip and palate and was aborted during 25th week of pregnancy. The other 3 cases had continuous excess of amniotic lfuid and progressive widening of bowel, the average inner diameter of which was above 30.0 mm. In the 3 cases, 2 cases ended with intrauterine death during 34th week of pregnancy and 1 case ended with death at one week after birth. Among the 97 cases of pregnant women with good pregnancy outcomes, 66 cases (66/97) were solitary bowel dilatation, while the remaining 31 cases (31/97) were associated with abnormal soft markers, e.g., excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid, fetal echogenic bowel, fetal uronephrosis, short femur, single umbilical artery, fetal widened lateral ventricles and placenta overripe, etc. Among the 17 cases of colonic dilatation, 1 case had exessive amniotic lfuid and“double-leaf sign”clumps in abdomen during the second trimester and was proved to be anal atresia post partum, while the remaining 16 cases had the colonic dilatation which were found after 34th week of pregnancy and the widest inner diameter of colon was less than 30.0 mm associated with abnormal soft markers like excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid and fetal echogenic bowel, etc., and associated with good pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Most fetuses with mild to moderate bowel dilatation had favorable outcomes. During ultrasonic examination, the degree and dynamic change of bowel dilatation shall be observed. If bowel dilatation or increment of amniotic fluid continues or worsens, greater risk of poor prognosis is indicated. The larger inner diameter of the small bowel, the greater risk of poor prognosis. If the fetus with bowel dilatation had echogenic bowel before, the risk of intestinal obstruction is comparatively lower. For the fetus suspected for colonic obstruction and anal atresia, it is more meaningful to observe the intestinal morphology and its changes.

Objective:In order to establish ELISA method for testing tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc.Methods: Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc was tested by RT-PCR.Zingiber officinale Rosc leaves which only contained TMV were choiced.TMV particle was purified by centrifugation method.TMV CP was purified through preparation electrophoresis including 12％ SDS-PAGE first and then 5％-20％ gradient SDS-PAGE.Polyacrylamide gel contained TMV CP was ground into suspension.Mice were immuned with the suspension and antiserum was obtained.Antiserum quality was tested by Western blot and ELISA test.IgG was purified through affinity chromatography method.IgG solution was concentrated and dialyzed to a suitable concentration.The IgG then mixed with glycerol.Results: IgG in antiserum only combined with TMV CP protein and it could combine with nature TMV particle CP protein.Its quality was up to standard.Conclusion: Establishment of ELISA method for testing TMV infecting Zingiber offcinale Rosc is successfull by using this IgG.

?A great number of miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age- related macular degeneration ( AMD) . Here we reviewed the pathological processes involved in AMD and the roles of miRNAs in these processes, and discussed potential miRNAs-based therapeutics for AMD.

10-15 years were 7 cases(6.3%),they were randomly divided into treatment group and contol group.The treatment group with 60 patients were given INF-? and polyresistin,age 3 years,given IFN-? 200 000 U per day;and polyresistin 5 mg per time,3 times every day,the course of therapy were 5 days.The control group was given traditional Chinese medicine at the same time.Results After therapy,in treatment group,53 cases(88.3%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,47 cases(78.3%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,48 cases(75%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 15 cases(18.3%).In control group,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,14 cases(26.9%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 37 cases(71.5%),there were significant differences between both groups(Pa

Objective:To elucidate the effects of Pg in modulation of monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:The model of infection of HUVECs by Pg was established in vitro.HUVECs were infected with Pg381 and Pg33277 and then incubated with THP-1 monocytes respectively.The amount of THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs was tested by rose Ben-gal staining assay.Results:Pg381-infected HUVECs demonstrated significantly increased adhesion of THP-1 cells compared to those infected with Pg33277(0.210 ±0.025 vs 0.078 ±0.024,P<0.05)or control HUVECs(0.062 ±0.022,P<0.05)after 6 h cul-ture.There was no differences among the above three groups after 24 h culture(P>0.05).Conclusion:The infection of Pg381 can increased the adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs.

Objective To attempt to achieve a more satisfactory results in correcting the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities caused by deficiency of the maxilla and collapse of the alar cartilage, using onlay implantation and stable fixation for implants. Methods Since 1996, the authors had implanted rib cartilage (12 cases), rib bone and cartilage (4 cases), silicon rubber (8 cases), skull bone and ePTFE (one case each) in total 26 patients with moderate to severe nasal deformities of unilateral cleft lip to elevate the retro-position alar base in hypoplastic maxillar area and to augment the buckled lateral alar cartilage in effected side. All implants were fixed by absorbable sutures on alar cartilage, and titanic screw and/or plate on maxilla under alar base. Results All wounds recovered without any complication. During 3 to 18 months follow-up postoperatively in 19 cases, the nasal appearences were significantly improved. The implants still provided support for the depressed alar base and the collapsed alar cartilage without obvious displacement, absorption and rejection. Conclusion The onlay implantation and stable fixation using suture and rigid fixation of titanic screw and/or plate for implants is reasonably good in nasal deformity correction of unilateral cleft lip advocated. The definitive effects and well-maintenance of the implant dimension and position have been documented.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodengenerative disorder disease with the progressive cognition malfunction and memory impairmen t. This article analyze the biochemical cause of Alzheimer's disease and eval uate the current status of drug therapy for the disease, and predict the possi bili ty of RNA interference in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.