Objective:To investigate the clinical features of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Chongqing.Methods:A retrospective study was designed to analyze 78 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever from 1999 to 2003.Results:The proportion of typhoid fever was decreased,but the proportion of paratyphoid fever rose from 20% in 1999 to 55.6% in 2003.The clinical manifestations included fever,relative bradycardia,hepatosplenomegaly,leukopenia and diarrhea,infrequently as roseola and indifferent expressions.The complications mostly manifested as toxic hepatitis and bronchopneumonia.Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were sensitive to fluoro -quinolones and the third generation cephalothins.Conclusion:In recent years proportion of paratyphoid fever tend to rise.Fluoro-quinolones still remain the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic features of fetal gastrointestinal tract dilatation and associated abnormalities. Methods From July 2009 to June 2013, 118 cases of fetal bowel dilatation of detected by prenatal ultrasound in our hospital were followed up for their ultrasonographic changes and pregnancy outcomes. The features of fetal bowel dilatation with associated abnormalities and their impact on pregnancy outcomes were summarized. Results Among the 118 cases of fetuses, 101 cases had small bowel dilatation, including 4 cases with adverse pregnancy outcomes. One case had cleft lip and palate and was aborted during 25th week of pregnancy. The other 3 cases had continuous excess of amniotic lfuid and progressive widening of bowel, the average inner diameter of which was above 30.0 mm. In the 3 cases, 2 cases ended with intrauterine death during 34th week of pregnancy and 1 case ended with death at one week after birth. Among the 97 cases of pregnant women with good pregnancy outcomes, 66 cases (66/97) were solitary bowel dilatation, while the remaining 31 cases (31/97) were associated with abnormal soft markers, e.g., excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid, fetal echogenic bowel, fetal uronephrosis, short femur, single umbilical artery, fetal widened lateral ventricles and placenta overripe, etc. Among the 17 cases of colonic dilatation, 1 case had exessive amniotic lfuid and“double-leaf sign”clumps in abdomen during the second trimester and was proved to be anal atresia post partum, while the remaining 16 cases had the colonic dilatation which were found after 34th week of pregnancy and the widest inner diameter of colon was less than 30.0 mm associated with abnormal soft markers like excess or decrease of amniotic lfuid and fetal echogenic bowel, etc., and associated with good pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Most fetuses with mild to moderate bowel dilatation had favorable outcomes. During ultrasonic examination, the degree and dynamic change of bowel dilatation shall be observed. If bowel dilatation or increment of amniotic fluid continues or worsens, greater risk of poor prognosis is indicated. The larger inner diameter of the small bowel, the greater risk of poor prognosis. If the fetus with bowel dilatation had echogenic bowel before, the risk of intestinal obstruction is comparatively lower. For the fetus suspected for colonic obstruction and anal atresia, it is more meaningful to observe the intestinal morphology and its changes.

Objective To investigate the expression of visfatin in the livers of rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to expect the development of new diagnosis and treatment for NAFLD.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was randomly divided into control and NAFLD model groups.For control group,the rats were given basic diet and subcutaneous injection of saline(0.2 ml/100 g weight)twice a week.However,rats in the model group were given high fat diet and were given subcutaneous injection of 40 ％ carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) salad oil (0.2 ml/100 g) twice a week.The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),triglyeride (TG),total-cholesterol (TC) in serum together with the visfatin expression in hepatic tissue were analyzed at the 2nd,4th,6th,and 8th weeks after operation,respectively.Results The levels of ALT,AST,TG,and TC in model group were increased gradually as time going(P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) experiments showed the level of visfatin in model group was significantly higher than control group in each period,with a increasing trends with the modeling time (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions (1)After high-fat feeding and intraperitoneal injection of CCL4,a model of adult SD rats suffering from NAFLD was constructed.(2)In livers of rats suffering from NAFLD,the expression of visfatin was increased while the level of liver steatosis was enhanced.Visfatin would be a new target to observe the severity of NAFLD.

Objective:In order to establish ELISA method for testing tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc.Methods: Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) infecting Zingiber officinale Rosc was tested by RT-PCR.Zingiber officinale Rosc leaves which only contained TMV were choiced.TMV particle was purified by centrifugation method.TMV CP was purified through preparation electrophoresis including 12％ SDS-PAGE first and then 5％-20％ gradient SDS-PAGE.Polyacrylamide gel contained TMV CP was ground into suspension.Mice were immuned with the suspension and antiserum was obtained.Antiserum quality was tested by Western blot and ELISA test.IgG was purified through affinity chromatography method.IgG solution was concentrated and dialyzed to a suitable concentration.The IgG then mixed with glycerol.Results: IgG in antiserum only combined with TMV CP protein and it could combine with nature TMV particle CP protein.Its quality was up to standard.Conclusion: Establishment of ELISA method for testing TMV infecting Zingiber offcinale Rosc is successfull by using this IgG.

?A great number of miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age- related macular degeneration ( AMD) . Here we reviewed the pathological processes involved in AMD and the roles of miRNAs in these processes, and discussed potential miRNAs-based therapeutics for AMD.

10-15 years were 7 cases(6.3%),they were randomly divided into treatment group and contol group.The treatment group with 60 patients were given INF-? and polyresistin,age 3 years,given IFN-? 200 000 U per day;and polyresistin 5 mg per time,3 times every day,the course of therapy were 5 days.The control group was given traditional Chinese medicine at the same time.Results After therapy,in treatment group,53 cases(88.3%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,47 cases(78.3%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,48 cases(75%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 15 cases(18.3%).In control group,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s cooling time were lower than 5 days,14 cases(26.9%) of children′s rash subsided time were lower than 6 days,28 cases(53.8%) of children′s Catarrhal symptoms disappeared time were lower than 5 days,and the rate of complications′ occurrence were 37 cases(71.5%),there were significant differences between both groups(Pa

To study the effects of growth hormone on function of T lymphocytes. Methods: Tne expression plasmid PcDNA-GHcDNA was constructed,then the plasmids were transfected into Jurkat cells,on the other hand,Jurkat cells were treated with different doses ofrhGH, to investigate the effect of overexpression GH and rhGH on function of T lymphocytes. Results: Overexpression GH could increase the ex-pression of IL-2R(140％) and secretion of IL-2(160％) and IFN-γ( 198% ) in Jurkat cells after PHA activation,but these data were broughtdown by the treatment of GH antibody. rhGH could also enhancer the function of T lymphocytes after PHA activation. Conclusion: These resultssupport the idea that GH is an autocrine and paracrine factor, and can regulate the function of T lymphocytes.

Objective To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic features of fetuses diagnosed as echogenic bowel and chromosomal abnormalities. Methods From September 2009 to June 2013, eighty cases diagnosed as echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening in our hospitals underwent chromosomal karyotype analysis and were followed up till fetal birth. The prenatal ultrasonographic features were carefully correlated with the postnatal findings. Results Prenatal ultrasoundand chromosomal findings of the 80 cases were:(1) Fifty-eight cases of fetuses with echogenic bowel alone (72.5%, 58/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). (2) Eleven cases of fetuses with additional ultrasound soft markers (13.8%, 11/80, without chromosomal karyotype abnormalities). The ultrasound examination revealed 8 cases of choroid plexus cysts, 1 case of single umbilical artery, 1 case of shorter nasal bone, and 1 case of echogenic intracardiac focus. (3) Five cases of fetuses with severe functional abnormalities or complex structural malformations and normal chromosomal karyotype. The ultrasound examination revealed 3 cases of structural cardiac malformations, 1 case of heart failure and 2 cases of central nervous system malformations. Of them,one case showed complex malformations (right ventricular dysplasia syndrome, cerebellar dysplasia and single umbilical artery), whereas the remaining 4 cases only involve single malformation. (4)Six cases had chromosomal abnormalities (7.5%, 6/80), including 3 cases of abnormal chromosome microdeletions, and 3 cases of abnormal chromosome numbers (1 21-trisomy syndrome, 1 18-trisomy syndrome, and 1 triploid syndrome). All of them had severe structural malformations and abnormal soft markers. The ultrasound examination revealed 2 cases of severe cardiac malformations, 2 cases of central nervous system malformations, 1 case of pericardial/peritoneal effusion, and 1 case of placental chorionic multiple hemangioma. One case of holoprosencephaly (donor of the twins) ended with intrauterine death. The associated abnormal soft markers include nuchal fold (NF) thickening, choroid plexus cysts, umbilical cord cysts, single umbilical artery, and placental chorionic hemangioma. Conclusions The fetuses with echogenic bowelaloneusualyhaveagoodprognosis.Insomecases,echogenicbowelmaydisappearduringvfolow-up.The fetuses complicated with severe structural malformations and chromosomal abnormalities have poor prognosis. For the fetuses diagnosed of echogenic bowel by prenatal ultrasound screening, systematic ultrasound examination should be carried out and clinical chromosomal karyotype analysis was suggested.

0.05).Conclusion The incidence of VVC is higher in pregnant women with GDM than in pregnant women with GIGT,however, GCT,and OGTT show no statistical differences between women with VVC and those without VVC.