Hepatitis A is one of the global public health problems,and China has high prevalence. In order to decrease the incidence of hepatitis A,China has integrated Hepatitis A vaccine into Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007. The paper will provide some ideas on the immunogenicity and impact factors of the different types of hepatitis A vaccines that are used in China.

Objective To investigate the condition of self-management of patient controlled analgesia pump in patients in the ICU.Methods 82 patients in ICU were selected in July 2014 and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 41 cases in each.In the observation group,the PCAP was fixed on the bedrails of patients' bed and controlled by themselves to acquire satisfactory analgesia effect.In the control group,the PCAP was operated by the nurses.Pains scores was compared between the two groups.Results The different position of PCAP showed the different scores of pain in the patients.The pain scores in the observation group (2.93±1.47) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.76±1.36),P＜0.05.Conclusions Proper position of PCAP and controlled by patients can effectively reduce postoperative pain of patients in the ICU,and then reduce their suffering and improve their comfort.

Atrial Fibrillation ; pathology ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Objective To find a new method to prepare the acellular matrix of the penile cavernous body. Methods Intact specimens of the penile cavernous body were collected from healty adult rabbits,treated with Triton-X100 and NH3?H2O,and then stained with HE.Light microscopy was employed to observe the acellular cells.Results Acellular matrix of the penile cavernous body was obtained after a 25-day treatment with Triton-X100 and NH3?H2O.The matrix was intact.HE staining showed that the matrix was composed of regularly arranged elastic fibers with wide intra-spaces without any cells inside.Conclusion Acellular matrix of the penile cavernous body can be prepared by using Triton-X100 and NH3?H2O.

Objective The incidence of laryngeal cancer has characteristic of regional differences, but the etiology is not clear. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between RECK gene promoter methylation and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carci-noma patients through detecting the RECK gene methylation status of primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues . Methods Methylation specific PCR assay was used to detect the RECK gene promoter methylation status of 70 laryngeal squamous cell carci-noma specimens in our hospital from July 2006 to Dcember 2007, and the differences of methylation status with different pathological parame-ters were compared.The correlation between RECK gene promoter methylation and prognosis of 64 patients completed five-year follow-up was analyzed. Results The RECK gene methylation rate (86.67%) of patients with poor differentiation in tumor cells was much higher than that of the patients with a moderate and better tumor cell differentiation (43.64%) (P<0.05).In 29 pairs of laryngeal cancer-adjacent tis-sues specimens matches, the RECK gene methylation in laryngeal carcinoma (55.12%) was higher than normal tissues (27.59%) ( P=0.029).RECK gene methylation significantly shortened the tumor free survival and overall survival analyzed by Log-rank (P=0.024, P=0.017).Lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in classⅢ-Ⅳsignificantly shortened the tumor free survival and overall survival (P=0.029, P=0.024;P=0.033, P=0.032).Moderate and better tumor cell differentiation significantly shortened the tumor free survival (P=0.024, P=0.049).Lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and RECK gene methylation were independent risk factors of overall survival. Conclusion RECK gene promoter methylation in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is an early event and may occur in the adjacent normal tissues, predicting a poor prognosis in patients.

With rapid advancements in internal fixation and new surgical instruments, surgical treatment has gradually emerged as the first treatment choice for mandibular condylar fractures. An appropriate surgical incision is the first and determinant step during surgery to avoid postoperative complications. Hence, surgical approaches in relation to oral and maxillofacial trauma surgery for the treatment of mandibular condylar fractures have been extensively investigated. This review summarizes the research progress on surgical approaches in the management of mandibular condylar fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; surgery ; Mandibular Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Cyclin D is the most closely relationship with tumor ,and it is currently known one of the sub-types of cyclins.CyclinD1,as a positive regulatory factor ,has an important role in the process of cell cycle ,espe-cially in cell proliferation and division .CyclinD1 is unusually up-regulated in lots of human cancers .CyclinD1 is a recently discovered protein which is highly expressed in the urinary tumors ,and its expression in tumors is asso-ciated with a more aggressive phenotype ,prognosis and recurrence .Therefore,the research of the target point to CyclinD1 in the urinary tumors may provide a new method for the therapy to urinary tumors .

Objective To explore the relationship among experiential avoidance,cognitive fusion and type D personality in pregnant women.Methods 309 pregnant women were assessed with self-made general information questionnaire,acceptance and action questionnaire-2nd edition (AAQ-Ⅱ),cognitive fusion questionnaire(CFQ) and type D personality scale(DS14).Results Average score of AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ of 309 pregnant women were (16.41±7.55) and (24.24± 10.90),respectively.According to the type D personality questionnaire scores,the subjects were divided into four groups.Average score of each group on AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ was respectively (21.25 ± 8.18) and (31.12± 10.99) for type D personality group (Group 1),(19.80±6.14) and (27.67±9.76) for negative emotion group(Group 2),(15.12±6.40) and (22.16±9.56)for social inhibition group (group 3) and (14.02±6.61) and (21.18±10.03) for group without negative emotions and social inhibition (group 4).The differences between groups were statistically significant (F=19.44,17.372,all P＜0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ were positively related to NA and SI (r=0.484,0.251,0.477,0.302,P＜0.05).NA and SI all entered the AAQ-Ⅱ regression equation and CFQ regression equation respectively:Y1 =4.655+ 1.032X1 + 0.836X2,Y2 =8.013+ 1.233X1 + 0.745X2 (Y1 as AAQ-Ⅱ,Y2 as CFQ,X1 as NA,X2 as SI).Conclusion Pregnant women with type D personality have the worst psychological flexibility.The two demensions of type D personality are predictive to experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion.

ObjectiveTo summarize the recent therapeutic effects of mesh-plug tension-free hernioplasty in elderly inguinal hernia. MethodsAll cases were performed with mesh-plug case-hardened products, which are manufactured by American Bard Company. ResultsAll the operative procedures were performed smoothly. Postoperative complications were:6 cases of urinary retention,4 scrotal hydroceles,2 persistent wound pain,2 local lightly projections with foreign body sensation,2 hypoincisional haematoma. 1～24 months of follow-up were taken,2 recent recurrences were reported. ConclusionMesh-plug tension-free hernioplasty is a perfect surgical operation. Its main characteristics are:simple performance, less trauma, tension-free, time-saving, good recent therapeutic effect, and fewer recent recurrence. It is especially suitable to the elderly patients and/or Patients with other diseases.

Objective To assess the efficiency of algae extermination by the combined copper electrolysis technology. Methods The combined copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate were used to treat the Synechocystissp strain PCC6803 in the steady stage of culture in different time and the efficiency of algae extermination was assessed. Results No alga in the water sample was detected after 0.5 and 1 hour of treatment with copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate respectivly as the concentration of Cu2+ was at 0.3 mg/L. The extermination rate of algae was 80.75% after 12 days of treatment of combined copper electrolysis. This technology could effectively decrease the turbidity, smell, COD, ammonia nitrogen and increase the dissolved oxygen in the treated water. Conclusion The Cu2+ released by copper electrolyzing has a stronger efficiency of algae extermination compared with copper sulfate. The combined copper electrolysis technology will be a satisfactory method for algae extermination in the landscape water.