The effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, at various stages of the bonding procedure using a new self-etch primer was studied. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to 4 different enamel surface conditions: Group A: dry; Group B: saliva contamination before priming; Group C: saliva contamination after priming, and Group D: saliva contamination before and after priming. Stainless steel brackets were bonded in each test group with a light-cured composite resin (TransbondXT 3M). The shear bond strength was determined in the first 30 min after bonding. The analysis of variance indicated that the shear bond strengths of the 4 groups were significantly different (F= 11.89, P＜0.05). Tukey HSD tests indicated that contamination both before and after the application of the acid-etch primer resulted in a significantly lower (=4.6± 1.7 MPa) shear bond strength than either the control group (= 8.8±1.9 MPa) or the groups where contamination occurred either before ( = 7.9± 2.0 MPa) or after (=6.9±1.5 MPa) the application of the primer. It was concluded that the new acid-etch primer could maintain adequate shear bond strength if contamination occurred either before or after the application of the primer. On the other hand, contamination both before and after the application of the primer could significantly reduce the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Arch ; anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

The etiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was discovered in Wuhan in late 2019 and has spread to the world, were expounded. In view of the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the plague over these years, the therapeutic advantages of TCM in different stages of COVID-19 were expounded as “strengthening body resistance and eliminating evil, meeting changes with constancy”, “Syndrome differentiation and treatment, meeting change with variance”, with aim to reduce the sequelae caused by hormone and other drugs and the mortality. It is suggested that Chinese medicine of clearing heat and removing toxin should be used to prevent the uninfected people from COVID-19, and intervene in the early stage of the disease and control the development of it to be severe by inhibiting the “cytokine storm”. In order to refine the dialectical classification according to the theory of “defensing-qi-nutrient-blood syndrome differentiation”, to give full play to the individual advantages of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We should pay attention to the rational use of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, collect the real world clinical data, and integrate TCM and Western medicine with TCM as the main part. The COVID-19 database of integrated TCM and Western medicine can be used to prepare for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determin the in vitro metabolic stability of ST09 and ST10 in human liver microsomes (HLMs), and to evaluate their potential inhibitions on five HLM cytochrome P450 isoforms. METHODS: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to assess remaining concentration of ST09 and ST10 at designed time points during the HLM incubation. Six major metabolites of cytochrome P450 were simultaneously measured with LC-MS/MS, and the inhibitory effects of ST09 and ST10 were respectively evaluated with IC50 values. RESULTS: ST09 was extremely unstable in vitro, and t1/2 was less than 1 min. However, ST10, the major metabolite of ST09, was NADPH-independent metabolized in HLMs, while its t1/2 and microsomal intrinsic clearance (CLint) were 32 min and 0.043 mL·min-1·mg(protein)-1, respectively. IC50 values of ST09 and ST10 on CYP3A4 (midazolam as substrate), CYP3A4 (testosterone as substrate), CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were 0.42/0.25, 1.27/0.81, 24.92/18.21, 36.53/54.34, 67.64/144.90, 6.43/5.30 μmol·L-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: ST09 and ST10 are extensively metabolized in vitro and both compounds had significant inhibition on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.

As an application of the historic edible plants, the development prospect of vine tea is wide, but now it is only contained by local Chinese Materia Medica Standards. We use the thinking method of herbal textual research for analysis on vine tea recorded in different Herbal Works and modern literatures and a comparative study on botany in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the name, the origin, and the traditional efficacy of it and to provide the documentation basis on its clinical use and reasonable development of plant resources.

In this study, calcium phosphate cements (CPC) were prepared by mixing cement powders of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) with a cement liquid of phosphate acid saline solution. Tetracycline (TTC)-CPC, chitosan-CPC and chitosan-TTC-CPC were investigated with different premixed schedule. It was demonstrate that both TTC and chitosan worked on the phase transition and crystal characteristics. TTCP mixed with phosphate acid saline solution had similar features of Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) no matter it was mixed with chitosan or TTC or both. TTC premixed with cement liquid or powder had significant different features of FT-IR and 876 cm-1seemed to be a special peak for TTC when TTC was premixed with cement liquid. This was also supported by XRD analysis, which showed that TTC premixed with cement liquid improved phase transition of TTCP to OCP. Chitosan, as organic additive, regulates the regular crystal formation and inhibits the phase transition of TTCP to OCP, except when it is mingled with cement liquid premixed with TTC in field scanning electron microscope. It was concluded that the premixed schedule influences the crystal formation and phase transition, which may be associated with its biocompatibility and bioactivities in vivo.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of Xiaoxuan Zhiyun tablet in treating cervical vertigo with syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis resistance and its effect on oxidative stress and serum levels of endothelin-1(ET-1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nitric oxide (NO). Method:One hundred eighteen cervical vertigo cases were selected and randomly divided into control group (59 cases) and treatment group (59 cases) by random number table. Control group was given bone setting combined with acupuncture. In addition to the therapy of control group, treatment group was given Xiaoxuan Zhiyun tablet (1 dose/day, tid). Both groups were treated for 3 weeks. Scores of cervical vertigo symptom and function assessment scale (ESCV) and vertigo disorder scale (DHI), blood velocity of vertebrobasilar artery, life quality and efficacy were compared between both groups. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), ET-1, 5-HT and NO were detected in both groups. Result:After treatment, ESCV score of treatment group was obviously higher, while DHI score was lower than control group (P<0.01). Blood flow velocity of left vertebral artery, right vertebral artery and basilar artery in treatment group were obviously higher than those of control group after treatment (P<0.01). Total clinical efficacy of treatment group wsa 98.25%, which was superior to 83.93% of control group (P<0.05). After treatment, SF-36 index score was remarkably higher than that of control group (P<0.01). Serum levels of SOD and NO of treatment group were higher, while MDA, ET-1,5-HT were lower than control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:In addition to the routine therapy, the efficacy of Xiaoxuan Zhiyun tablet in treating cervical vertigo is significant, which may be related with regulation of oxidative stress and serum levels of ET-1, 5-HT and NO.

Brown adipose tissues can consume energy by generating heat. The whitening of BAT will damage its thermogenic function and cause diseases related to obesity and metabolic disorders. It is of great significance to slow down or inhibit the process of BAT whitening. This article reviews the inducing factorsand the key regulators of brown adipose tissue whitening, hoping to provide some ideas for the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.

Ras signaling pathway is closely related to the formation and growth of tumor. Currently, targeting on this signaling pathway is a hot research point for the design and development of anticancer drugs. In this paper, Ras protein as well as its related targets and inhibitors in signaling pathway were reviewed. It is expected to give research-related reference materials for the design of new anticancer drugs.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; ras Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; physiology

The study was to investigate the biological characteristics of hyperleucocyte acute leukemia (HAL) and its clinical significance. Immunophenotyping was performed in 48 HAL patients and 73 NHAL patients by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD45/SSC gating, meanwhile the cytogenetic analysis was performed in 74 patients. The results showed that as compared with NHAL group, HAL group had lower proportion of eryth-lineage in bone marrow (P < 0.05); in AML, the CD14 expression of HAL group was apparently higher than that of NHAL group (P < 0.05); in ALL, HAL group had higher expression of CD8 and lower expression of CD22, cCD79a compared with NHAL group (P < 0.05); the two groups had no significant difference in expression of special lineage antigens and overlapping lineage antigens (P > 0.05). The CR rate of HAL group was lower than that of NHAL group. It is concluded that bone marrow inhibition of HAL group is more severe than that of NHAL group. In AML, monocytic leukemia is easier to become into HAL than other leukemias. In ALL, T-lineage antigens of HAL group are more easily expressed than those of NHAL group; the leukemia cells of HAL group are naiver than those of NHAL group, meanwhile the prognosis of HAL is poor.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; CD79 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; CD8 Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics