Objective To observe the effect of bortezomib on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in an aGVHD model of mice and investigate the related mechanism. Methods Male C57BL/6( H-2Kb)mice were used as donors and female Balb/c (H-2Kd) mice used as recipients. Balb/c mice received total body irradiation (TBI) by 7.0 Gy X-radiation, and randomly divided into five groups. normal (group A), TBI (group B), TBI + bortezomib (group C), TBI + bone marrow cells (BMC) + spleen cells (SC) (group D) and TBI + bortezomib + BMC + SC (group E). The physical signs and the pathological damage of aGVHD, mean survival time, and chimerism were observed in recipients. The NF-κB p65 levels in nuclei of the liver and small intestine tissues of groups A,B and C were analyzed by Western blot. Results ( 1 ) The clinical aGVHD score in group D was (7.37±0. 32), significantly higher than in group E (5.85 ± 0.40) (P＜0. 05). Histopathology of the gut, liver and skin illuminated that the Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree GVHD occurred in group D. The occurrence of aGVHD in group E was later than in group D. The symptoms and the pathological damage of aGVHD in group E were milder than in group D. The average survival time in group E was significantly longer than that in group D (P＜0.05). The percentage of donor-derived cells in recipient mice was above 90% at day 12 after transplantation; (2) NF-κB p65 levels in nuclei of the liver and small intestine tissues in group B was significantly higher than in group C on the day 1,3 and 5 (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Bortezomib can inhibit the activation and expression of NF-κB,which may be the underlying mechanism for it to relieve aGVHD.

Objective To investigate protective effects and mechanisms of extract of PNS on retinal ganglion cells injury induced by continuous high intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats.Methods 80 healthy Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups to establish rat model of high intraocular pressure with 4,8,12,16,20 weeks which there were cauterizing episcleral veins combined 5-Fu and only cauterizing episcleral veins.All the rats intraocular pressure was measured and recorded regularly.After 4,8,12,16,20 weeks,all rats were killed and the eyeballs were removed and to assay apoptosis of RGCs by TUNEL,to detect the activity of RGCs AgNOR staining and to discover the expression of caspase-9 by immunohistochemical detections.Results The IOP was almostly more than 36.55±0.27mmHg.The order of the number of TUNEL-positive cells in retinal ganglion cell layer,compared with the normal control group,there was a significant difference.Stained grains there was no significant difference between the combined treatment group and normal control group (P>0.05).The expression of caspase-9 protein in the saline group,treatment group and combined treatment group was obviously enhanced according to the normal control group.Conclusion The sustainable and stable rat model of high intraocular pressure could be established by cauterization of episcleral veins whih subconjunctival injection 5-Fu.PNS had significant protective effects in RCCs injury caused by the persistent high intraocular pressure.If controlling intraocular pressure with drugs which could lower the IOP,the protective effects of PNS on RGCs would be more prominent.PNS could inhibit the expression of Caspase-9 in the rat RGCs to protect RGCs.

Objective To investigate the effect of different puncture methods on dialysis adequacy in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred and twenty patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the sequence of receiving the hemodialysis with 60 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group were treated with increasing distance arteriovenous fistula of more than 10 cm , while patients in the control group received normal dialysis care without changing the way of puncture. The difference of dialysis adequacy before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Result The dialysis adequacy after intervention in the observation group was improved significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The dialysis adequacy in patients with maintenance dialysis can be improved by increasing the puncture distance of internal arteriovenous fistula.