Objective To investigate the relationship between bacteria biofilm and bacterial culture in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Ninety patients with CRS were enrolled in the study. Five patients with deviation of nasal septum and 10 healthy subjects served as controls. Mucosa of uncinate process or near the ostium of the maxillary sinus was obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. All specimens were processed for bacterial culture and scanned by electron microscopy. Pearson test was performed to analyze the relationship between the presence of bacterial biofilm and the results of bacteria culture. Results The scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial biofilms in 64 (71.1%) out of 90patients with CRS, while the positive rate of bacteria culture in the study group was 66.7% (60/90). No bacterial biofilm and bacterium was detected in the control group and 26 culture-negative individuals in study group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a statistically association between bacterial biofilm and bacterial culture in CRS ( r = 0. 901, P = 0. 000). Conclusion Positive results of bacteria culture are highly correlated with the presence of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients.

Objective To introduce the construction and application of clinical microbiology laboratory data management expert system.Methods Firstly, the process management was introduced to clinical microbiology laboratory. Then the characteristics of data on each node of work process were analyzed, and SQL Server data table was created as the knowledge base of the expert system.Finally, VB6.0 was used to compile the knowledge acquisition module, reasoning desktop module and input/output interface procedures to finally construct the expert system.Rates of defect report, errors in bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test, delay in culture results reporting and average delayed days were compared before and after the application of the expert system.Results The expert system could be used for data management in process nodes like sample reception, information collection and input, bacteria culture medium selection, bacterial identification and drug sensitive test, interpretation of drug sensitivity results, comprehensive evaluation in bacterial identification and drug sensitivity results, report of negative result, report of positive result, blood culture, Mycoplasma culture, time limit of detection, and nosocomial infection indicators.No defect report was found after the application of expert system; rate of errors in selection of drug sensitivity test medium was reduced from 0.81% ( 31/3 836 ) in 2012 to 0.02%(1/5 433) in 2014;rate of delay in culture results reporting was reduced from 1.78% (320/17 983) to 1.18%(232/19 692), and the average delayed days was also reduced (3.8 d vs.3.2 d).Conclusion Clinical microbiology laboratory data management expert system can improve work efficiency and reduce errors, which can enhance the overall management of laboratory and the quality of clinical service.

Background and purpose: Adequate tissue ifxation, transparent dewaxing is an important step of hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and lfuorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in detection of breast cancerHER-2 gene. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between poly hydroxyl acrylic acid which is an environmen-tally friendly ifxation liquid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde in tissue ifxation for HE staining and FISH to detect theHER-2 gene in the breast cancer tissue sections. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of replacing 4% buffered formaldehyde, a traditional ifxation liquid, with the poly hydroxyl acrylic acid, an environmentally friendly ifxation lfuid.Methods:This project was performed on tissue samples collected from 69 cases of breast cancer, 41 cases of breast ifbroadenoma, 40 cases of uterine leiomyoma, 25 cases of cervical tissue, 25 cases of placenta obtained from the outpatient and inpatient departments of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from Mar. 2011 to Jan. 2015, from each of which two samples were drawn and two blocks of each specimen were divided into two groups randomly. Then one group was ifxed with 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde and made into 200 sections by HE while the other group was ifxed with poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and made into another 200 sections. The slice level of the two groups was determined by the staining condition of the sections, and SPSS 19.0 was employed to compare the excellent and good rate of HE staining. Additional 69 sections were produced with two groups of breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues, and SPSS 19.0 was used to detect the ampliifcation ofHER-2 gene by FISH.Results:First, the number of best-quality slices stained with HE ifxed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde was 155 and 166, respectively. The number of excellent pieces was 41 and 33, respectively, while the number of mediocre pieces was 3 and 1 with bad pieces being 1 and 0, respectively. The excellent and good rates of HE staining were 98% and 99.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=1.33,P>0.05).Second, the positive rates of the tis-sue slices by FISH ifxed separately by poly hydroxyl acrylic acid and 4% neutral buffered were 26.09% and 23.19%, respectively. There was no signiifcant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.50,P>0.05).Conclusion:The results obtained with HE staining and FISH using poly hydroxyl acrylic acid as a ifxation liquid are not signiifcantly different from those using 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde. Therefore, poly hydroxyl acrylic acid meets the requirements of environmental protection, and thus has the potential to be promoted and widely used.

Objective:To observe the difference of the human telomeres RNA component (hTERC) genes’amplification in the cervical tissue by applying the environment-friendly fixative poly hydroxy acrylic acid and the transparent dewaxing solution Van-clear separately or jointly to replace the traditional fixative 4% (volume fraction)neutral buffered formalin and the conventional transparent dewaxing solu-tion xylene in the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)for detection.Methods:In the study, 255 cases of cervical tissue specimens submitted by the Department of Gynecology in Zhongshan Boai Ho-sipital were collected from Mar.2013 to Apr.2015.Four samples were taken from the same lesion site. All the cases were divided into 4 groups and named group A,B,C,and D.Group A used 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed and xylene dewaxing to make slices.Group B used poly hydroxy acrylic fixed and xylene dewaxing to make slices.Group C used 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed and Van-clear trans-parent to make slices.Group D used poly hydroxy acrylic fixed and Van-clear transparent dewaxing to make slices.The amplification of hTERC genes in the four groups of cervical specimens was also detected by FISH technique.Results:When the hTERC genes were detected by FISH method under the fluore-scence microscope,it was obvious that the tissue profile and the background of group A,B,C and D were all clear.The probe was fixed in the accurate position so that the bright red or green fluorescence signals were easily found in these four groups.Compared with the positive rate of group A,there was no statistical significance in that of group B,C and D (P>0.05).At the same time,the coincidence rate of the FISH results was high,which showed that the new environment-friendly reagent had no significant difference in the detection of cervical hTERC genes by FISH technique.Conclusion:It is possible for the environment-friendly reagent poly hydroxy acrylic acid and Van-clear to replace 4%neutral buffered for-malin and xylene separately or jointly to detect the cervical hTERC genes by adopting FISH technique.

Objective To examine the short-term prognostic value of procalcitonin ( PCT ) combined with coagulation factors for cirrhotic patients complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).Methods Clinical data of 128 cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP admitted in Jinhua Central Hospital from June 2014 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed .In 3 months after admission , 83 patients survived ( survival group ) and 45 patients died ( fatal group ) .The factors related to prognosis were analyzed with Logistic regression and the prediction model was constructed with the weights derived from regression coefficients.The ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) of combination of PCT with coagulation factors were used to predict the survival of patients .Results Univariate analysis indicated that the level of PCT , total bilirubin ( TBil ) , serum creatinine ( Scr ) , prothrombin time ( PT ) , prothrombin activity ( PTA ) , blood coagulation factor Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ and Ⅻ were factors affecting the prognosis of cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP (P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that PCT , blood coagulation factors Ⅴ and Ⅸ were independent factors of short-term prognosis of cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP.The constructed predictive model was Logit (P) =1.200+0.099 ×PCT-0.026 × clotting factor Ⅴ-0.038 ×clotting factor Ⅸ.The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 0.822 and 0.675, respectively, and the AUC was 0.829.Compared with the classic MELD score , the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusions The predictive model based on PCT and coagulation factors Ⅴand Ⅸcan effectively predict the short-term survival of cirrhotic patients complicated with SBP . The overall prognostic ability is not different from MELD score , but the model is more simple and easier to apply.

Objective To investigate the clinical isolation situation and drug resistance features of enterococcal bacteria in order to provide reference for the clinical rational use of antibacterial agents and infection control. Methods A total of 1220 strains of enterococcal bacteria that induced hospital infection were analyzed retrospectively. Walk Away 96 automated microbial analyzer was used for strain identification and drug sensitive test. MIC was used for screening high-level aminoglycoside resistant strains. WHONET 5.6 was used for data analysis. Results A total of 1220 strains of enterococci were detected, including 675 strains of enterococci faecalis, accounting for 55.3%, and 445 strains of ente-rococci faecium, accounting for 36.5%. Enterococcal bacteria mainly distributed in clinical urine specimens, accounting for 57.5%. The total drug resistance rate of enterococci faecalis was high and the drug resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were all higher than 90%, which were significantly higher than those of the enterococci faecium (<17%). The drug resistance rate of enterococci faecalis to quinupristin/dalfopristin was 100.0%and that of enterococci faecium was 12.6%. For both types of bacteria, no strain resistant to vancomycin was found, but 3 strains of enterococci faecalis were resistant to linezolid. The screening rates of enterococci faecalis for high-level gentamicin drug resistant strains and high-level streptomycin resistant strains were 54.1% and 27.3% respectively while those of enterococci faecium were 58.2% and 56.9% respectively. Conclusion The drug resistance situation of enterococcal bacteria to common antibacterial drugs is not optimistic, and the monitoring of clinical distribution and drug resistance situation of enterococcal bacteria is of important guiding significance to the clinical treatment of entero-coccal bacterial infection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the volume of 4% neutral phosphate buffered formalin fixative solution on the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 () gene by fluorescencehybridization (FISH) in primary invasive breast cancer.

METHODSTissue samples were collected from 109 patients with primary invasive breast cancer admitted in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from June 2014 to October 2016. The ratios of 4% phosphate buffered formalin fixative solution to sample volume samples were 3:1, 6:1, 9:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1 or 25:1 (groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G), respectively. Paraffin sections were made after 15 h of fixation. The amplification ofgene was detected by FISH. The gene amplification results ofwere observed and compared in different groups.

RESULTSFluorescence microscope showed that the tissue contour in groups A, B and C was vague, cell debris appeared, and the probe was positioned poorly; while the tissue contour was clear and complete in groups D, E, F and G and the probe was positioned accurately. The positive rate ofwas gradually increased from group A to D(=8.601,<0.01), and that remained stable at 24.77% in groups D to G. The positive rate of gene amplification in groups D, E, F and G was significantly higher than that in groups A, B and C (all<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSWhen using FISH to detectgene in samples of primary breast invasive carcinoma, the volume of fixative solution should be at least 10 times of the sample volume to obtain accurate and stable results.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Van-Clear on vamplification of human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) gene in cervical tissues by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and to determine the potential for Van-Clear to replace xylene.
 METHODS: A total of 278 specimens of cervix uteri were collected from inpatients of Department of Gynaecology in Boai Hospital of Zhongshan from January to February, 2015, with 81 cases of normal specimens, 68 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, 57cases of CIN2, 42 cases of CIN3 and 30 cases of cervical invasive cancer. Double samples were collected from the same region. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to detect the changes in the amplification of hTERC gene in 2 groups of specimens from the cervical biopsy.
 RESULTS: Differences in the positive expression rate of hTERC gene between the 2 groups of cervical lesions at all levels were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
 CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in the positive rate of hTERC gene expression between the slices made by Van-clear and xylene. As an environmental-friend product, Van-Clear possesses certain value in detection of cervical hTERC gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; RNA ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; Xylenes ; chemistry