AIM: To establish a method of determining the fingerprints of water-soluble composition in Fructus schisandrae chinensis by HPLC. METHODS: Separation was performed on Discovery SB-C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) analytical column with mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile with gradient elute at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection wavelength was set at 203 nm. RESULTS: Compared with reference peak of schisandrin,8 common peaks on frngerprints of Fructus schisandrae chinensis were indicated by the method with satisfied stability,precision and repeatability. CONCLUSION: There are good similarities among 10 batches of Fructus schisandrae chinensis,and this method is reliable,simple and provides a reference standard for the quality control of Fructus schisandrae chinensis.

Objective To evaluate clinical results of different doses of dezocine combined with propofol in-travenous anesthesia in abortion.Methods 150 patients with routinely abortion were randomly divided into group A, B,C,at induction the patients were given anesthesia dezocine intravenous doses of 0.025mg/kg,0.05mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg,10min after slowly intravenous injection of propofol,the clinical results were compared in three groups of artificial abortion.Results Each time during surgery,mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)and blood pres-sure pulse saturation(SpO2 )indicators in group B were more stable than groups A,C the operations security was higher (tA =6.06,tB =0.88,tC =1.73,PA <0.05,PB >0.05,PC >0.05).Dose of propofol,postoperative recovery time of group B [(113.56 ±18.12)mg,(6.72 ±1.69)min]were significantly better than those in group A [(150.01 ±21.45)mg,(10.43 ±3.38)min],and the differences were statistically significant(t =9.17,6.94,all P <0.05 ).The propofol dose,postoperative recovery time in group B were slightly higher those in group C [(110.21 ±19.32)mg,(7.40 ±1.87)min],and the differences were not statistically significant(t =0.89,1.91,all P >0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of group B (8.00%)was significantly lower than that in A group (30.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2.21,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reac-tions in group B,C had no significant difference(P >0.05).Conclusion Abortion application dose of 0.05mg/kg of dezocine combined with propofol intravenous anesthesia has the best clinical effect,each relatively stable vital signs af-ter surgery,can effectively reduce the dose of propofol,shorten the operation time and postoperative recovery time,and has fewer adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss rational use of injection in order to provide reference for rational use of injection in the clinic. METHODS:Drug use was analyzed in respect of route of administration,selection of solvent,compatibility of drugs, speed of intravenous administration,the concentration of mixture,etc. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:There are some mistakes in the application of injections,but some faults and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can be warned early. By strengthening pharmaceutical monitoring,related faults and ADRs can be reduced to the minimum.

Objective To study the dynamics changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial load within 48 h after infection in a rabbit meningitis model, and provide information for diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of this disease. Methods Taking New Zealand white rabbit as the study object, meningitis model was established via cerebellar cistern puncture with different concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to explore the relationship between the mortality of animals and the subarachnoid inoculation dosage. The dynamics study of CSF bacterial load was conducted with proper inoculation bacterial dosage. Forty-eight rabbits were separated into four groups (12 each group): E. coli meningitis model group, E. coli meningitis + ceftriaxone treated group, S. aureus meningitis model group and S. aureus meningitis + vancomycin treated group. At 0,12, 24, 36 and 48 h of inoculation, CSF and blood samples were obtained for CSF bacterial quantitative culture, CSF leukocyte count and peripheral blood leukocyte count. Finally, the relationships between the early mortality of animals, the efficacy of antibiotics, CSF leukocyte counts and the dynamics changes of CSF bacterial load were analyzed in the bacterial meningitis rabbit model.The CSF bacterial load and the white blood cell count curve were compared by analysis of covariance (ANOVA). Correlation test was done using correlate partial analysis. Results The relationship between subarachnoid inoculation dosage and the mortality of rabbits presented S-curve correlation.The bacterial load in subarachnoid space peaked in 12-24 h after infection and then gradually decreased. Effective antibiotic therapy could significantly speed up the decline of this process. There were significantly different between E. coli meningitis model group and E. coli meningitis+ceftriaxone treated group (F= 27. 10, P<0. 01), between S. aureus meningitis model group and S. aureus meningitis + vancomycin treated group (F=5. 97, P = 0. 016). There was a positive correlation between CSF bacterial load and CSF leukocyte count in E. coli and S. aureus meningitis model groups (r=0. 89, 0.84, respectively; P = 0.046, 0.049, respectively). Conclusions In the treatment of bacterial meningitis, effective and sufficient antibiotics should be used as soon as possible to control the CSF bacterial load and reduce the mortality. The CSF leukocyte count can be used as indicator of CSF bacterial load and guide the antibiotic treatment in clinical bacterial meningitis.

Objective To investigate the radiobiological effects of VPA-BSANPs on C6 and U87 glioma cells in vitro.Methods C6 and U87 glioma cells were treated with different concentrations of VPA and VPA-BSANPs for 12 h and 24 h,and MTT assay was used to determine cell viability.C6 and U87 cells were treated with different concentrations of VPA and VPA-BSANPs conbined with X-ray irradiation (0,2,4,6,and 8 Gy),and colony formation assay was used to determine plating efficiency (PE).C6 and U87 glioma cells were treated with different concentrations of VPA and VPA-BSANPs for 12 h,followed by X-ray irradiation (0,4,and 8 Gy),and flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to examine cell apoptosis.Western blot was used to evaluate the effects of VPA and VPA-BSANPs on radiation-induced apoptosis protein expression.One-way ANOVA was used for comparison of means with homogeneity of variance between multiple groups,and the t-test was used for comparison of means between two groups.Results Without irradiation,VPA and VPA-BSANPs had no significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of C6 and U87 cells (P=0.328,0.920).The PE of cells treated with VPA-BSANPs combined with irradiation was significantly lower than that of cells treated with VPA combined with irradiation (P=0.000).In C6 and U87 cells,VPA-BSANPs combined with irradiation increased the expression of p53 and Bax (P =0.000,0.000 and P =0.010,0.002),but reduced the expression of Bcl-2 (P =0.008,0.000).Active caspase-3 fragments were only found in the cells treated with VPA-BSANPs combined with irradiation and VPA combined with irradiation,but were less in the former cells than in the latter cells (P=0.004).The active fragments of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor were only found in the cells treated with VPA-BSANPs combined with irradiation.Conclusions VPA-BSANPs can increase the radiosensitivity of C6 and U87 glioma cells in vitro,possibly by promoting the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by radiation.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the rpoB, KatG and inhA genes mutations in rifampin and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical isolates in Baise district, Guangxi autonomous region. Methods 128 MTB clinical strains were collected and isolated for drug susceptibility testing, and drug resistant strain DNA was subtracted for rpoB, KatG and inhA genes mutation analysis. Results 75%(27/36)isolates carried mutations in the rpoB gene,and 59.3%(16/27)isolates carried mutations in 531 sites. 44.1%(15/34) isolates carried mutations in KatG or inhA, and 66.7%(10/15) isolates appeared in KatG 315 site, with two new mutations found in KatG 279 and 427 site. In these mutation isolates, 13.3%(2/15) mutations appeared in inhA 5, 6.7%(1/15) in inhA 16, and 20%(3/15) in both katG and inhA. Conclusions The mutation of rpoB, katG and inhA genes in TB is highly correlated with its resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in Baise district, Guangxi autonomous region. The study will provide a basis for further understanding the anti-bacterium mechanism and quick diagnostic methods for drug-resistant tuberculosis.

According to the trend of the development of the quality education, it is necessary to re-form the traditional homework assignments in medical microbiology for improving the innovation ability of students. This program attempts to reform the homework on clinical medicine undergraduates. First, the teacher must master diversified knowledge, and then the student design and finish the homework combine with personal characteristic from the training requirements of experimental confirmation, theoretical cognition and social survey. The questionnaire shows the personalized homework can help students to master the pro-fessional knowledge, stimulate study interest and improve the comprehensive quality.

Objective:To study the effects of deoxyadenosine(dAdo) on methotrexate (MTX) induced suppression of inflammatory bone destruction.Methods:The culture system of whole bone marrow cells (WBMCs) was utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis.TRAP staining and μCT analysis were utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in adjuvant arthritis rats.Results:In the bone marrow culture system,MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated by the addition of dAdo.dAdo canceled MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis in the rats with arthritis,and significantly abolished the therapeutic effects of MTX on inflammatory bone destruction in the rats.Conclusion:The accumulation of dAdo may be one cause of the losing effectiveness of MTX in bone destruction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of nevirapine (NVP)-based regimens for HIV-infected Chinese patients in routine clinical practice. METHODS: From October 2002 to May 2004, 57 HIV-1-infected patients commenced highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and were followed to December 2008. They originally received 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nevirapine. HIV RNA levels, T lymphocyte subsets and safety were assessed. Blood routine test and main laboratory parameter changes were traced. If apparent side effects or virological failure appeared we would, if necessary, terminate the therapy or change the regimen. RESULTS: Of the 57 subjects, 34 were followed-up for more than 4 years. After 5-6 years, 63.3% of the subjects (19/30) had HIV RNA levels<50 copies/microL, and the median increase in CD4(+) cell count from the baseline was 329 cells/microL. The mean decrease in CD8(+) cell count was 128 cells/microL. At the same time, the CD4(+) CD45RA+CD62L cell count and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cell gradually increased, and the counts of CD8(+)CD38(+) cell declined gradually. These changes are apparent 2 years after HAART. The increase rate slowed down after 2 years. But they did not recover completely as well as healthy people at year 6. About 56% (32/57) of HIV-infected patients developed various drug-related side effects. The most common was gastrointestinal side effect, followed nervous disorder, baldness, and rashes, mostly happened in 6 months. Gamma-GT increased occurred in 29.8% of patients (17/57), and serum cholesterol and triglyceride elevated in 26.3% of the patients (15/57). Six patients developed lipodystrophy, mainly in female patients, and 25 patients showed abnormal blood picture and liver function, renal function changes and amylase elevation. Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 3 cases (2 peripheral neuropathy, and 1 suspected lactic acidosis). One subject experienced grade 3 rashes. CONCLUSION Antiretroviral therapy with NVP-based regimens is safe and effective by suppressing HIV viremia and producing continued CD4 cell increases in subjects with HIV or AIDS for 6 years.
Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; adverse effects ; methods ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; Didanosine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; virology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nevirapine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Stavudine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

The central venous access device (CVAD) is widely used in infusion of intravenous high nutrient solution, chemotherapy drugs, rapid infusion, blood transfusion, etc. CVAD is left in the patient′s blood vessels for a long time, although it has certain advantages in intravenous therapy, but also risks associated with it. In the past 20 years, many studies have focused on the mechanism of CVAD on vascular injury, trying to explore its mechanism from a different perspective at the microscopic level of pathophysiology. This article will review the three aspects of acute damage to the blood vessel caused by CVAD catheterization and chronic changes caused by indwelling catheters, analysis of the causes of vascular injury caused by CVAD catheterization, and research on preventing vascular injury caused by CVAD catheterization, aiming at providing reference for clinical intravenous therapy.