This paper introduced the conception and principle of in vivo/in vitro correlation (IVIVC) and convolution/deconvolution methods, and elucidated in details the convolution strategy and method for calculating the in vivo absorption performance of the pharmaceutics according to the their pharmacokinetic data in Excel, then put the results forward to IVIVC research. Firstly, the pharmacokinetic data ware fitted by mathematical software to make up the lost points. Secondly, the parameters of the optimal fitted input function were defined by trail-and-error method according to the convolution principle in Excel under the hypothesis that all the input functions fit the Weibull functions. Finally, the IVIVC between in vivo input function and the in vitro dissolution was studied. In the examples, not only the application of this method was demonstrated in details but also its simplicity and effectiveness were proved by comparing with the compartment model method and deconvolution method. It showed to be a powerful tool for IVIVC research.
Absorption ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mathematics ; Metformin ; pharmacokinetics ; Models, Biological ; Software ; Solubility

In order to study the constituents and pharmacology of Tripterygium plants (Tripterygium willfordii Hook.f), a variety of chromatography methods were used. Four compounds were isolated from Tripterygium plant and their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS, HR-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR techniques. The isolated compounds were named as triptonide (1), neo-triptetraolide (2), 2alpha-hydroxytriptonide (3), and 15-hydroxytriptonide (4), separately. Compounds 3, 4 belong to new diterpenoids, which can inhibit the growth of K562 cells (leukemia cells) and HL60 cells (acute myeloid leukemia cells).

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: D. candidum is a traditional Chinese food or medicine widely used in Asia. There has been little research into the anticancer effects of D. candidum, particularly the effects in colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of D. candidum in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: The in vitro anti-cancer effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cells and in vivo anti-metastatic effects of DCME (Dendrobium canidum methanolic extract) were examined using the experimental methods of MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, DCME inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells by 84%, which was higher than at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. Chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed in cancer cells cultured with DCME as well. In addition, DCME induced significant apoptosis in cancer cells by upregulation of Bax, caspase 9, and caspase 3, and downregulation of Bcl-2. Expression of genes commonly associated with inflammation, NF-kappaB, iNOS, and COX-2, was significantly downregulated by DCME. DCME also exerted an anti-metastasis effect on cancer cells as demonstrated by decreased expression of MMP genes and increased expression of TIMPs, which was confirmed by the inhibition of induced tumor metastasis in colon 26-M3.1 cells in BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that D. candidum had a potent in vitro anti-cancer effect, induced apoptosis, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, and exerted in vivo anti-metastatic effects.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Chromatin ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methanol ; Mice* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; NF-kappa B ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE: To establish an acuity inspection system with sweep pattern visual evoked potential (SPVEP) so as to provide the evidence for acuity objective inspection. METHODS: Based on the domestic sweep pattern visual evoked apparatus, sections of hardware were reformed and a manipulation program possessing false random control software was compiled. The SPVEP acuity for the 78 eyes (10 normal eyes, 10 ametropia eyes, 48 prevalence eyes, 10 false ametropia eyes) was estimated with our acuity objective inspection system, then compared with the E visual acuity of those eyes by statistical procedure. RESULTS: There was a close correlation between the SPVEP acuity and E visual acuity for 78 eyes (r2 = 0.946). CONCLUSION SPVEP acuity inspection system can be applied to estimate objective acuity.
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Vision Tests/methods* ; Visual Acuity/physiology*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results between auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and 40 Hz auditory event related potential (AERP), and explore the accuracy of hearing thresholds by using ASSR and AERP and the clinic forensic value. METHODS: Thirty seven ears were tested with pure-tone audiometer, 40Hz AERP and ASSR, respectively. All the volunteers in our study were awake during 40 Hz AERP test and ASSR test. RESULTS: Thresholds acquired with ASSR and 40Hz AERP test had a close correlativity and showed higher than those acquired with PTA test. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of ASSR and 40Hz AERP in estimating pure-tone thresholds. CONCLUSION After determining the correct value, ASSR can be used directly to evaluate hearing loss objectively.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Audiometry, Evoked Response ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods* ; Auditory Threshold ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology* ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sleep/physiology* ; Wakefulness ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the predictive value of different CT signs in surgical treatment in patients with acute closed intestinal and mesenteric injury.Methods The CT data and follow-up results of 120 patients with acute closed intestinal and mesenteric injury(including 58 cases of surgical treatment and 62 cases of conservative treatment)were analyzed retrospectively.The diagnostic value and prognostic value in surgical treatment of different CT signs were analyzed.Results There were significant differences between the operation group and the conservative treatment group in mesenteric vascular amputation,mesenteric hematoma,vascular contrast agent extravasation, intestinal wall defect,pneumoperitoneum and peritoneal effusion (χ2＝4.69,P＝0.03;χ2＝21.40,P＜0.001;χ2＝13.95,P＜0.001 ;χ2＝11.34,P＝0.001;χ2＝80.65,P＜0.001).The CT signs of intraperitoneal effusion had the highest sensitivity for intestinal and mesenteric injury,and vascular contrast agent extravasation and intestinal wall defect had the highest specificity for surgical predictability of intestinal and mesenteric injury.ROC curves showed that abdominal gas accumulation had the highest predictive value for intestinal and mesenteric injuries (AUC＝0.92,95%CI:0.87－0.97),followed by mesenteric hematoma (AUC＝0.73,95%CI:0.64－0.82).Conclusion Intraperitoneal effusion has the highest sensitivity for intestinal and mesenteric inj ury,and vascular contrast agent extravasation and intestinal wall defect have the highest specificity for surgical predictability of intestinal and mesenteric injury.The overall value of intraperitoneal gas in predicting intestinal and mesenteric injury is highest.Combining different CT signs can improve the accuracy of clinical intervention for acute closed intestinal and mesenteric injury.

Objective: To evaluate the current status and related factors of influenza vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in tertiary hospitals of Xining city after the implementation of the free influenza vaccination policy. Methods: In August 2018, the cluster sampling method was used to select four medical institutions in Xining that had previously conducted investigations and interventions. All HCWs(excluding logistic staff) in each medical institution were included in the study. A total of 3 260 valid respondents were included. Questionnaires were used to collect the demographic characteristics, influenza and influenza vaccination awareness, implementation of free policy in the influenza epidemic season from 2017 to 2018, influenza vaccination status, awareness of influenza vaccination schedule and free policy. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of influenza vaccination. Results: The age of respondents was (31.41±5.00) years. The influenza vaccination rate was 6.80% (226/3 260) in 2017-2018 influenza epidemic season. After controlling for related factors, the awareness of the influenza vaccination schedule (OR=17.05, 95%CI: 5.86-49.59), vaccination frequency (OR=8.22, 95%CI: 2.98-22.61) and the free policy (OR=3.15, 95%CI: 1.49-6.67) had higher vaccination rate. Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate of HCWs in tertiary hospitals of Xining city was low. Increasing the awareness of the vaccination schedule, frequency and free policy may promote the influenza vaccination rate of HCWs.