Objective To establish a macrophage-derived foam cell model of human monocytic THP-1 cell line and to identify the foam cell.Methods THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages after induction with 160 nmol/L phorbol-1-myristate-13-acetate for 24 hours and then incubation with 80 mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL) for 48 hours.The differentiated cells were observed after oil red O staining under light microscope.High performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS) was used for quantitative analysis of cellular cholesterol and cholesteryl esters contents.Results There was a large number of red lipid droplets in phorbol-1-myristate-13-acetate and oxLDL treated THP-1 cells after oil red O staining under light microscope.Cellular contents of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in the differentiated cells increased markedly compared with the normal THP-1 monocytes by HPLC-MS assay.Conclusion A human monocyte-derived foam cell model has been established by incubating THP-1 cells with 120nmol/L phorbol-1-myristate-13-acetate for 24 and then with 80 mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein for 48 hours.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) contents in biological samples. Methods: Biological samples containing Hg were pretreated with digestive agents of HNO3-H2SO4 and that of As with HNO3-HClO4 and HNO3-H2O2 under the pressure of 0.5 MPa,1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa respectively heated for 2 minutes. And then the concentrations of Hg or As were determined by intermittent flow hydride generation-atomic spectrophotofluorimetry. Results: Recoveries of Hg and As were 97.3 %～99.1 %and 99.4 %～105.7 %respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitivite and with good reproducibility and is suitable for the determination of Hg and As contents in biological samples.

Objective:To investigate the different effects of Angong Niuhuang Wan on normal and pathological body. Methods:Cerebral infarct rat models were established by photochemically initiated thrombosis. The rats were randomly allocated to four groups. The control group and the model group were treated with 0.9%NaCl for seven days, and the control+drug group and the model+drug group with Angong Niuhuang Wan 0.13g/kg for seven days. Then amounts of idoenzymes of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1～5) were determinated by the method of gel electrophoresis. Results:The amounts of LDH1 and LDH2 in the model group increase obviously as compared with the control group(P

[Objective] To explore the methods of avoiding hemolysis in preparing serum complements of guinea pigs. [Methods] In method 1, the serum of 8 guinea pigs was fixed first and then sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were added to the mixed serum for absorption. In method 2, SRBC was added to the serum of 8 guinea pigs respectively for absorption first and then the serum containing SRBC was mixed. After the experiment, macroscopic examination was carried out to observe the hemolysis and the optical density of the two kinds of mixture was detected at the wavelength of 540 nm. [ Results] In the serum complements of guinea pigs prepared by method 1, macroscopic hemolysis occurred; in the serum complements prepared by method 2, macroscopic hemolysis was not obvious and the optical density of the mixture was lower than that by method 1 ( P

Aim To synthesize 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and investigate its mechanisms and inhibition effect on hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and e antigen ( HBeAg) in HepG2.2.15 cells.Methods 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was synthesized based on the chemical structure of Rhein , and its structure was identified by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra.MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein on HepG2.2.15 cells.After the cells treatment by 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the HBsAg and HBeAg in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA .The expres-sion of hepatitis B virus X gene ( HBx) was detected by Western blot .The cell cycles were examined with flow cytometry.The intracellular free calcium concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy . Results The structure of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was confirmed by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.MTT results showed that synthetic product and Rhein could inhibit the cell proliferation in HepG2.2.15 cells.After trea-ted with 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and Rhein for 72 h,the half inhibitory concentration 50%( IC50 ) was 14.29 mg? L-1 and 11.59 mg? L-1 , respectively .Using non-cytotoxic dose of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the inhibitory effect on HBsAg and HBeAg was gradually enhanced with increasing 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein concentration . The inhibitory effect of synthetic product on hepatitis B virus was better than that of Rhein .8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein could down-regulate the expression of HBx , in-tracellular calcium ion concentration and block the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) replication.Flow cytometry results showed 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein didn′t affect the cell cycle .Conclusions Compare with Rhein , the synthesis of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein shows stronger inhi-bition on hepatitis B virus in HepG2.2.15, and its mechanisms may involve down-regulating the expres-sion of HBx and reducing calcium ion concentration .

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3) on the tumor growth of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and its mechanism.Methods BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice were subcutaneously injected with MCF-7 breast cancer cell line,and treated with intraperitoneal injection of As_2O_3 and 5-FU in different concentrations.The implanted tumor was weighed,and the tumor inhibition rates were calculated.The apoptosis of the implanted tumor was detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of bcl-2 and Fas induced by As_2O_3 were examined by immunohistochemical method.Routine blood test and bone marrow test were used to observe the function of hematopoietic system after As_2O_3 treatment.Results The growth of implanted tumor was markedly inhibited with 5-FU,low dose and high dose As_2O_3,the inhibitory rates being 38.33%、51.42% and 62.43%,respectively.The inhibitory effect of As_2O_3 was significantly stronger than that of 5-FU(P

In the context of Popular Entrepreneurship and Innovation, scientific and systemic implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education is the focus of higher education reform at present. This paper analyzes the important significances of carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher education of traditional Chinese Medicine, introduces the specific practices and experi-ences of designing educational concept and constructing education system about innovation and entrepre-neurship education, following the objective laws of modern educational development and the growth pattern of Chinese medicine talents, in order to provide reference for further promoting innovation and entrepreneu-rship education reform.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of interferon-inducible genes (IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL,ISG15) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).and the relations between these genes expression levels and disease activity are explored.Methods Sybr green dye based real-time quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression levels (indicated as-△△Ct value) of WIT1,IFIT4.OAS1,OASL and ISG15 in 76 patients with SJJE and 54 controls.Their expression levels were compared with erythroeyte sedimentation rate (ESR),serum C reactive protein (CRP),complement C3,C4.antinuclear antibody (ANA).anti-double stranded DNA antibody.The associations between the expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OASI.OASL,ISG15,ESR,CRP,complement C3,C4,ANA,anti-double stranded DNA antibody and SLEDAI scores in patients with SLE were analyzed.Results ① The expression levels of WIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL and ISG15 in the SLE patients were significantly higher than those of the normal controls (P＜0.01).The expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL and ISG15 in active SLE patients were higher than those of inactive SLE patients (P＜0.05).The real time expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1.OASL and ISG15 showed positive correlations with each other (r＞0.5,P＜0.05) in patients with SLE.② The expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL and ISG15 were positively correlated with the SLEDAI scores (r＞0.5,P＜0.05).③ There was no correlation between ESR,CRP,complement C3,C4,ANA and the expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL,ISG15,SLEDAI scores except anti-double stranded DNA antibody (r＞0.5.P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL and ISG15 in patients with SLE are significantly higher than those of the normal controls,and positively associated with SLEDAI scores,so they are helpful in evaluating SLE disease activity and severity.IFIT1,IFIT4,OAS1,OASL and ISG15 genes may be the potential treating targets for SLE.