Objective To provide anatomic data for operation of inserting the electron cochlear in young children. Methods Fourteen heads,28 sides specimens of young children of 1to-5-year old were dissected,through posterior tympanum approach,via mastoidectomy,posterior tympanoto to enter posterior tympanum.The related anatomy structures of the location of the electron cochlear inserted into the proper sites were observed and measured under surgical microscope. Results The round window was seated in superior part of the round window niche.The pyramidal eminence,tendo musculi stapedius,incudostapedial joint,base of stapes,cochleariform process,round window niche and promontorium tympani were all visible from different directions.The posterior arch of stapes was situated in the prozone of scala.Scala was situated in the posteroinferior scala vestibuli.The distance from the middle point of the anterior border of the round window niche to the inferior wall was(1.49?0.42)mm,to the posterior wall of the Scala tympani(0.90?0.31)mm,to the basal tissue(1.49?0.41)mm,to the pyramidal eminence(3.28?0.55)mm,to the lateral semicircular canal(7.41?0.90)mm,to the inferior margin of the base of stapes(3.09?0.53)mm.Conclusion It is considered that the location of the insertion should be at the middle point of anterior border of the round window niche anterior from 0.90mm to 1.49mm,deorsum from 0mm to 1.49mm.When the round window niche is not found,the location of the insertion has to be at the middle point of the inferior margin of the base of stapes deorsum 3mm.

AIM To observe the effects of Oxymatrine on induction of apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. METHODS Apoptosis induced by Oxymatrine in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells was tested by MTT assay, fluorescent microscope, and DNA gel eletrophoresis. RESULTS SKOV3 cell viability dropped down depending on the Oxymatrine concentration and treatment time. When incubated with Oxymatrine (0 189 mmol?L -1 and 0 378 mmol?L -1 ) for 48 h, SKOV3 cells showed morphological changes associated with the characters of apoptosis under fluorescent microscope. Typical DNA ladder was found during gel eletrophoresis. CONCLUSION Oxymatrine can induce apoptosis in SKOV3 cell lines.

Objective To study the relationship between the type of histopathology and prognosis of contained mucous adenocarcinoma(CMAC) of stomach and its clinical significance. Methods Eighty-seven cases of CMAC of stomach were observed by means of pathomorphology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and follow up etc. Results The malignant behavior of the cancer was significant difference according to the nature and quantity of the CAMC and the primary pathological type of the cancer.The clinical type in simple mucous carcinoma was mainly Borrmann type I;in tubular papilla mucous adenocarcinoma was mainly Borrmman type II; in signet-ring cell mucous carcinoma was mainly Borrmman type IV,and in mixed cell mucous carcinoma was mainly Borrmman type III. There was significant difference in the lymphatic metastasis and survival rate between the 4 groups. Conclusions Correct differentiation of the pathological type of contained mucous adenocarcinoma of stomach is important for guading the treatment and predicting the prognosis.Cathepsin D expression can help for understanding the biological behavior of CMAC of the stomach.

Objective To study the antitumor effect and mechanism of co-cultured cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells and autologous DC modified with IL-24 gene on A549 cells in vitro. Methods DC and CIK cells were prepared routinely from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC). Recombinant adenovirus vector pAdEasy-1-pTrack-CMV-IL-24 was extracted from DH5α, it was lineared with Pac I and transfected into A293 cells, and then the IL-24 recombined adenovirus(Ad-IL-24) was obtained. Ad-IL-24 was used to infect DC. The cells obtained were named DC-IL-24. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate the expression of IL-24 gene in transfected DC. The phenotypes change of DC were identified by flow cytometry analysis, the concen-tration of IL-12 and TNF-α in supernatant of DC were determined by EIJSA. The ability of CIK producing per-forin was measured by homolysis method. FCM was used to determine the cytotoxicity of cocultured CIK cells and autologous DC modified with IL-24 gene to A549 cells. Results We obtained the high titre of Ad-IL-24.IL-24 gene was transfered into DC successfully via Ad-IL-24. The green fluorescence was observed on DC by fluorescence microscope. The expression rate of CD80, CD83, HI.A-DR, CD40, CXCR4 on DC-IL-24 was sig-nificantly increased compared with that of the control group. DC-IL-24 produced markedly higher levels of IL-12 and TNF-α as compared with DC. DC-IL-24 can enhance the ability of CIK cells producing perforin. On com-parison with non-transfected DC co-cultured with CIK cells, transfected DC co-cultured with CIK cells had a sig-nificantly higher lytic activity against A549 cells. Conclusion IL-24 gene modification can enhance the anti-tu-moral immunity of DC. The mechanism of which might be related to the increased secretion of IL-12 and TNF-α, up-regulation expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC Ⅱ class molecules on DC, promoting the acti-vation and maturation of DC, and then enhancing CIK cells to generate specific anti-tumoral immunity.

Objective:To study the antitumor effect and mechanism of cocultured CIK cells modified with IL-24 gene and autologous DCs on HL-60 cells in vitro.Methods:DCs and CIK cells were prepared routinely from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC).IL-24 gene was transferred into CIK cells via electroporation.The cells obtained were named CIK-IL24.RT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate expression of IL-24 gene in transfected CIK cells.The phenotypic changes of CIK cells were identified by flowcytometry analysis.The concentration of IFN-γ and TNF-α in supernatant of CIK was determined by ELISA.FCM was used to determine the cytotoxicity of cocultured CIK cells modified with IL-24 gene and autologous DCs against HL-60 cells.Results:Eukaryotic expressing plasmid pcDNA3.0-IL24 was transferred into CIK cells successfully via electroporation.The expressing rate of CD3~+、CD3~+CD56~+ cells had no significant change in CIK cells.However,the rate of CD4~+CD25~+ cells was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group.Expression of adhesion molecules CD54,CXCR4 were significantly increased on CD3+CD56+ cells.CIK-IL24 cells produced markedly higher levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α as compared with the CIK cells.By comparison with non-transfected CIK cells co-cultured with DCs,transfected CIK cells co-cultured with DCs had a significantly higher lytic activity against HL-60 cells.Conclusion:IL-24 gene modification can enhance the anti-tumoral immunity of CIK cells,the mechanism of which might be related to the increased secretion of IFN-γ,TNF-α,up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression,and reduction of the rate of CD4~+CD25~+ cells in CIK cells.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of blood donors’psychological activity,take reasonable intervention measures to improve the success rate of blood donation recruitment and the ratio of repeated blood donation.Methods The data of blood donors’psychological activity was collected by distributing questionnaires randomly,and the psychological characteristics and worries were analysed.Results In terms of the blood donation purpose,there were 62.73% of the blood donors who donate blood for the first time and take the“utility psychological”as the principal thing.There were 76.01% of the blood donors who donate blood repeatedly and take the“dedication psychological”as the principal thing.In terms of wor-ries,there was 72.69% of the blood donors who donate blood for the first time and take the“safety of blood donation”as the principal thing.There was 77.91% of the blood donors who donate blood repeatedly and take the “service quality of blood donation”as the principal thing.Conclusion The success rate of blood donation recruitment and the ratio of repeated blood donation could be effectively improved by attaching importance to the psychological needs and worries of blood do-nors,by taking different psychological intervention measures strategies for different kinds of blood donors,and by meeting their needs and eliminating their worries.

Aim To synthesize 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and investigate its mechanisms and inhibition effect on hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and e antigen ( HBeAg) in HepG2.2.15 cells.Methods 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was synthesized based on the chemical structure of Rhein , and its structure was identified by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra.MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein on HepG2.2.15 cells.After the cells treatment by 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the HBsAg and HBeAg in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA .The expres-sion of hepatitis B virus X gene ( HBx) was detected by Western blot .The cell cycles were examined with flow cytometry.The intracellular free calcium concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy . Results The structure of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein was confirmed by IR,1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.MTT results showed that synthetic product and Rhein could inhibit the cell proliferation in HepG2.2.15 cells.After trea-ted with 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein and Rhein for 72 h,the half inhibitory concentration 50%( IC50 ) was 14.29 mg? L-1 and 11.59 mg? L-1 , respectively .Using non-cytotoxic dose of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein , the inhibitory effect on HBsAg and HBeAg was gradually enhanced with increasing 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein concentration . The inhibitory effect of synthetic product on hepatitis B virus was better than that of Rhein .8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein could down-regulate the expression of HBx , in-tracellular calcium ion concentration and block the hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) replication.Flow cytometry results showed 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein didn′t affect the cell cycle .Conclusions Compare with Rhein , the synthesis of 8-bromo-ethoxy Rhein shows stronger inhi-bition on hepatitis B virus in HepG2.2.15, and its mechanisms may involve down-regulating the expres-sion of HBx and reducing calcium ion concentration .

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3) on the tumor growth of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and its mechanism.Methods BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice were subcutaneously injected with MCF-7 breast cancer cell line,and treated with intraperitoneal injection of As_2O_3 and 5-FU in different concentrations.The implanted tumor was weighed,and the tumor inhibition rates were calculated.The apoptosis of the implanted tumor was detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of bcl-2 and Fas induced by As_2O_3 were examined by immunohistochemical method.Routine blood test and bone marrow test were used to observe the function of hematopoietic system after As_2O_3 treatment.Results The growth of implanted tumor was markedly inhibited with 5-FU,low dose and high dose As_2O_3,the inhibitory rates being 38.33%、51.42% and 62.43%,respectively.The inhibitory effect of As_2O_3 was significantly stronger than that of 5-FU(P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Sheshang capsule for treatment of blood coagulation dysfunction in patients bitten by Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Seventy Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake envenoming patients whose manifestations conformed to the diagnostic criteria of the fire toxin syndrome in TCM were assigned into therapy group and control group by random number table (each, 35 cases). The basic treatments (including wound disinfection, intramuscular injection of 1 500 U tetanus antitoxin, conventional dose of antibiotics, 10 mg dexamethasone, 40 mg omeprazole) and 10 Jidesheng Sheyao tablets three times a day were applied in the control group. In the therapy group, the basic treatments the same as those of the control group were given, and in the mean time 5 Sheshang capsules (the drug was prepared in our hospital including ingredients:rhubarb, coptidis rhizoma, pleione bulbocodioides, elecampane inula root, bayberry bark, borneol and so on) were administered three times a day. The therapeutic course in the two groups was 1 week. The levels of platelet α-granule membrane protein (CD62p), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), platelet factor 3 (PF3) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in CD62p, TXB2, PF3 and vWF between therapy group and control group [CD62p (μg/L):3.81±1.64 vs. 3.52±1.43, TXB2 (μg/L):13.04±1.67 vs. 13.31±1.14, PF3 (μg/L): 2.84±1.08 vs. 2.88±1.23, vWF (μg/L):12.36±2.42 vs. 11.89±2.08, all P>0.05]. After treatment, the levels of CD62p, TXB2 and PF3 were increased, while vWF decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups, the level changes in therapy group being more remarkable [CD62p (μg/L): 6.73±1.77 vs. 5.81±1.62, TXB2 (μg/L):18.65±1.77 vs. 17.90±1.68, PF3 (μg/L):5.61±1.48 vs. 4.77±1.24, vWF (μg/L):3.87±1.01 vs. 4.58±1.09, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Conclusion The Sheshang capsule is capable of treating patients with blood coagulative disorder after Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake bite, and its mechanism is possibly related to the improvement of platelet activation function and amelioration of the damage of vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the influence of the purging fire and removing toxin method on chemokines and adhesion factors related to vascular endothelialitis injury induced by toxin of trimeresurus stejnegeri bite.Methods ① Animal experiment:50 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were chosen.According to random numbers generated by statistical software,they were divided into normal control group,model group,low,middle and high dose Sheshang capsule groups,10 in each group.Trimeresurus stejnegeri bite model was replicated by injecting 0.75 mL/kg snake venom into subcutaneous tissues of rabbits' right hind legs.And the same volume of normal saline was injected into the rabbit in the normal control group.After the model was established for 6 hours,the rabbits in low,middle and high dose Sheshang capsule groups received 174,348 and 522 mg· kg-1 · d-1 of Sheshang capsule solution respectively (the content of capsules was dissolved in normal saline to make liquid with 17.4,34.8 and 52.2 g/L Sheshang solution respectively,so the volume of gavage of each group was 10 mL· kg-1 · d-1);in the model and normal control groups,the same amount of normal saline was given by gavage,once daily for consecutive one week.24 hours after the last gavage,the blood of the rabbits was collected through an auricular border vein and the serum was separated by centrifuge ready for use.Meanwhile,the whole abdominal aorta segment of the rabbit was harvested and kept them in liquid nitrogen ready for use.② Cell experiment:human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) was cultured with MEM for 24 hours.The solution was replaced and according to the random number generated by statistical software,the cells were divided into blank control group,model group and low,middle,high dose Sheshang capsule medicinal serum groups,10 wells in each group.Trimeresurus stejnegeri toxin cell model was reproduced by addition of 5 mg/L snake venom into the cell culture medium.After 6-hour culture,the cells of model group and blank control group received 10％ normal rabbit serum,and the cells of low,middle and high dose Sheshang medicinal serum capsule groups received serum containing 5％,10％ and 15％ drug,respectively.After culture for 72 hours,the cells were collected and the total RNA was extracted.The real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the levels of mRNA of interleukin-8 (IL-8),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the vascular endothelial cells of rabbit aorta abdominalis and human umbilical vein,and the content of serum E-select element (CD62E) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In model group,the expression levels of mRNA in IL-8,MCP-1,ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and the content of CD62E were all increased significantly in the endothelial cells of rabbit aorta abdominalis and HUVEC compared with those in control group [when the mRNA expression levels of IL-8,MCP-1,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in normal and blank control group were all being 1,the mRNA expression levels (2-△ △Ct) of the above mentioned inflammatory factors and adhesion molecule in animal model group were 3.96 ± 0.39,3.07 ± 0.27,3.71 ± 0.26,3.94 ± 0.26,and the mRNA expression levels (2-△ △Ct) of the above mentioned inflammatory factors and adhesion molecule in HUVEC model group were 3.53±0.70,2.24±0.48,3.13±0.44,2.80±0.13,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01].The content of CD62E in serum was increased significantly in model group compared with that in normal control group (μg/L:1.31 ± 0.22 vs.0.82 ± 0.13,P ＜ 0.01),the mRNA expression levels of IL-8,MCP-1,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased significantly in low,middle,high dose Sheshang capsule groups compared with those in model group in endothelial cells of aorta abdominalis of rabbits and HUVEC [abdominal aorta:IL-8 mRNA (2-△ △Ct) were 1.13 ± 0.19,1.26 ± 0.16,1.27 ± 0.17 vs.3.96 ± 0.39,MCP-1 mRNA (2-△ △ Ct) were 1.79 ± 0.24,2.22 ± 0.38,1.76±0.19 vs.3.07±0.27,ICAM-1 mRNA (2 △△Ct) were 2.05±0.11,1.68±0.09,2.37±0.48 vs.3.71±0.26,VCAM-1 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were 1.59±0.08,1.40±0.11,1.84±0.11 vs.3.94±0.26;HUVEC:IL-8 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were 2.33±0.59,2.82±0.82,2.51±0.77 vs.3.53±0.70,MCP-1 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were 1.59±0.35,1.48±0.36,1.54±0.29 vs.2.24±0.48,ICAM-1 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were 1.46±0.38,1.77±0.65,1.73±0.50 vs.3.13±0.44,VCAM-1 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were 2.49±0.24,2.18±0.19,2.45±0.24 vs.2.80±0.13,all P ＜ 0.05].The contents of CD62E were decreased significantly in middle,high dose Sheshang capsule groups compared with the content in model group (μg/L:1.01 ±0.14,1.04±0.13 vs.1.31 ±0.22,all P ＜ 0.01),but there were no statistical significant differences among the three drug group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The therapy of purging fire and removing toxin can treat vascular endothelial injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response induced by Trimeresurus stejnegeri bites.